Suchergebnisse

Public diplomacy, which is a specific concept in international relations research, refers to "guiding the public attitude" in other countries, and thus affecting foreign policy of its government. Public diplomacy is different from "traditional diplomacy", and is also different from the ordinary "non-governmental diplomacy". Public diplomacy transcends the formal diplomatic relations between countries, and gradually affects the people's political beliefs and political behaviors in other countries by this informal diplomacy. The active and extensive public diplomacy carried out by the American government played an extremely important role in the victory of the Cold War. But after the end of the Cold War, public diplomacy was marginalized in the United States. In the 21st century, the United States wavered in its world hegemony, so American government urgently needed to reshape its image of hegemony and repropose "public diplomacy" for its foreign strategy. New media, such as YouTube, Facebook and Twitter in the US, becoming the main tools usually used by the American politicians, rapidly spread American history, culture, values and social system in the world, and Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are used to create a favorable public opinion environment for the American political project. Meanwhile, the other countries' communication platforms are restrained seriously in the US, in order to promote the implementation of American foreign policy. The heyday of American public diplomacy is coming step by step from Joe Biden being the owner of White House. His main purpose, advocated by the policy of "restoring middle-class diplomacy", is to expand the global influence of "American globalism" by secretly curbing the development of rival countries, and ultimately serve the national foreign strategy of the United States. But the strong hegemonism inevitably makes American public diplomacy set narrow shackles. Sovereign states must pay attention to their image positioning in the international community and avoid being shaped by other countries and the public as their enemies. Profitable public diplomacy is important to sovereign states in the world, and should not be ignored or limited. ; Публічна дипломатія, яка є специфічним поняттям у дослідженні міжнародних відносин, має на увазі «керування суспільним ставленням» в інших країнах і таким чином впливати на зовнішню політику свого уряду. Публічна дипломатія відрізняється від «традиційної дипломатії», а також від звичайної «неурядової дипломатії». Публічна дипломатія виходить за межі формальних дипломатичних відносин між країнами і поступово впливає на політичні переконання людей і політичну поведінку в інших країнах за допомогою цієї неформальної дипломатії. Надзвичайно важливу роль у перемозі холодної війни відіграла активна й широка публічна дипломатія американського уряду. Але після закінчення холодної війни публічна дипломатія була маргіналізована в Сполучених Штатах. У 21 столітті Сполучені Штати коливалися у своїй світовій гегемонії, тому американському уряду терміново потрібно було змінити свій імідж гегемонії та перепропонувати «публічну дипломатію» для своєї зовнішньої стратегії. Нові медіа, такі як YouTube, Facebook і Twitter у США, стаючи основними інструментами, які зазвичай використовують американські політики, швидко поширюють американську історію, культуру, цінності та соціальну систему у світі, а великі дані та штучний інтелект (ШІ) використовуються для створення сприятливого середовища суспільної думки для американського політичного проекту. Тим часом комунікаційні платформи інших країн серйозно стримані в США, щоб сприяти здійсненню американської зовнішньої політики. Розквіт американської публічної дипломатії крок за кроком настає з того моменту, коли Джо Байден був обраний до Білого дому. Його головна мета, яку відстоювала політика «відновлення дипломатії середнього класу», – розширити глобальний вплив «американського глобалізму» шляхом таємного стримування розвитку країн-суперників і в кінцевому підсумку служити національній зовнішньополітичній стратегії Сполучених Штатів. Але сильний гегемонізм неминуче змушує американську публічну дипломатію встановлювати вузькі кайдани. Суверенні держави повинні звернути увагу на своє іміджеве позиціонування в міжнародному співтоваристві та уникати того, щоб інші країни та громадськість формували їх як своїх ворогів. Успішна публічна дипломатія важлива для суверенних держав у світі, її не можна ігнорувати чи обмежувати. ; Публічна дипломатія, яка є специфічним поняттям у дослідженні міжнародних відносин, має на увазі «керування суспільним ставленням» в інших країнах і таким чином впливати на зовнішню політику свого уряду. Публічна дипломатія відрізняється від «традиційної дипломатії», а також від звичайної «неурядової дипломатії». Публічна дипломатія виходить за межі формальних дипломатичних відносин між країнами і поступово впливає на політичні переконання людей і політичну поведінку в інших країнах за допомогою цієї неформальної дипломатії. Надзвичайно важливу роль у перемозі холодної війни відіграла активна й широка публічна дипломатія американського уряду. Але після закінчення холодної війни публічна дипломатія була маргіналізована в Сполучених Штатах. У 21 столітті Сполучені Штати коливалися у своїй світовій гегемонії, тому американському уряду терміново потрібно було змінити свій імідж гегемонії та перепропонувати «публічну дипломатію» для своєї зовнішньої стратегії. Нові медіа, такі як YouTube, Facebook і Twitter у США, стаючи основними інструментами, які зазвичай використовують американські політики, швидко поширюють американську історію, культуру, цінності та соціальну систему у світі, а великі дані та штучний інтелект (ШІ) використовуються для створення сприятливого середовища суспільної думки для американського політичного проекту. Тим часом комунікаційні платформи інших країн серйозно стримані в США, щоб сприяти здійсненню американської зовнішньої політики. Розквіт американської публічної дипломатії крок за кроком настає з того моменту, коли Джо Байден був обраний до Білого дому. Його головна мета, яку відстоювала політика «відновлення дипломатії середнього класу», – розширити глобальний вплив «американського глобалізму» шляхом таємного стримування розвитку країн-суперників і в кінцевому підсумку служити національній зовнішньополітичній стратегії Сполучених Штатів. Але сильний гегемонізм неминуче змушує американську публічну дипломатію встановлювати вузькі кайдани. Суверенні держави повинні звернути увагу на своє іміджеве позиціонування в міжнародному співтоваристві та уникати того, щоб інші країни та громадськість формували їх як своїх ворогів. Успішна публічна дипломатія важлива для суверенних держав у світі, її не можна ігнорувати чи обмежувати.

L'actualisation de l'état de la pollution au niveau du bassin de R'dom revête un caractère très important pour les opérateurs œuvrant dans la protection de l'environnement et le contrôle de la pollution hydrique. Cet article concerne la mise à jour des niveaux de pollution au niveau de l'oued R'dom à travers ces affluents qui sont l'oued Boufekrane, l'oued Bouishak et l'oued Ouislane. En effet, 8 stations au totale ont servi pour le suivi de l'évolution spatiale de la pollution et 5 campagnes pour la mise en évidence de la variation temporelle. Les résultats de cette étude n'ont pas traduit les efforts déployés par l'état et la commune de Meknès en matière des investissements relatifs à la composante environnementale notamment dans l'oued R'DOM qui a fait l'objet de la majorité des investissements de l'état en matière de dépollution dans ce bassin. En effet, trois projets structurants ont été menés par la ville de Meknès pour l'amélioration de l'état de la pollution hydrique à l'aval de la ville. Ces projets sont: La réalisation en 2009 de la station d'épuration de la ville qui déversait auparavant les eaux usées non traitées dans l'oued de Boufekrane.Le deuxieme concerne le centre d'enfouissement et de valorisation des déchets de la ville qui a mis terme en 2015 aux rejets des lixiviats dans le même cours d'eau Le troisième projet structurant et la réalisation des conduites de transport des eaux usées qui longent les trois oueds et qui a mis à terme définitivement aux rejets directs dans ce bassin. Les résultats des analyses ont montrés que les stations S2 qui correspond au point de déversement de la ville de Boufekrane, la station S3 qui reçoit les rejets non traités des unités industriels de cette partie de la zone d'étude et la station S6 qui se trouve à l'aval de la ville de Meknès et qui doit traduire; normalement les efforts de l'état en matière de dépollution liquide présentent des niveaux de pollution très remarquable notamment la pollution organique. Les résultats moyens de la DBO5 dans ces stations varient de 262 à 531 mg d'O2/L. La comparaison des résultats des trois oueds montre que l'affluent Ouislane est le plus pollué et présente une moyenne de DBO5 de l'ordre de 1054 mg/L d'O2, l'oued Bouishak présente une valeur de DBO5 de 275 mg/L d'O2, l'oued Boufekrane d'une valeur de 197 mg/L d'O2. La valeur de la DBO5 à la confluence des trois oueds au niveau de la station S6 est de l'ordre de 531 mg/L d'O2. La station S5 qui a servi à l'évaluation qualitative de l'oued Boufekrane a affiché une valeur moyenne de DBO5 de l'ordre de 105 mg/L d' O2. Le rapport DCO/DBO5, traduisant la biodégradabilité montre une origine diversifiée de la pollution. Elle est à dominance domestique dans les stations S1, S2, S4 et S5 et d'origine industrielle au niveau des stations S3, S6, S7 et S8. Updating the state of pollution in the R'dom basin is very important for the operators working in the protection and control of water pollution. This study concerns the updating of the pollution levels at the R'dom River through these tributaries which are Boufekrane, Bouishak, and Ouislane. In fact, a total of 8 stations were used to monitor the spatial evolution of pollution and 5 campaigns to improve temporal variation. The results of this study did not reflect the efforts of the government and the municipality of Meknes in terms of investments relating to the environmental component, particularly in the Boufekrne r, which was the subject of the majority of the investments of the state of pollution control in this area. Indeed, three structuring projects were carried out by the city of Meknes to improve the state of water pollution downstream of the city. These projects are The construction in 2009 of the city's sewage treatment plant, which previously discharged untreated wastewater into the Boufekrane river. The second project concerns the city's solid waste landfill and the recycling center, which ended leachate discharges in the same river in 2015. stream. The third structuring project is the construction of the wastewater transport pipes which run alongside the three rivers and which definitively put an end to direct dumping into these rivers. The results of the analyzes showed that the S2 stations which correspond to the discharge point of the city of Boufekrane, the S3 station which receives the untreated discharges from the industrial units of this part of the study area, and the S6 station which is located in the downstream of the city and which should normally reflect the efforts of the city of Meknès in terms of liquid depollution present very levels of pollution, in particular organic pollution. The average BOD5 results at these stations range from 262 to 531 mg O2 / L. The comparison of the results of the three rivers shows that the Ouislane river is the most polluted and has an average BOD5 of around 1054 mg/L of 2, the Bouishak river has a BOD5 value of 275 mg/L of O2, the Boufekrane river with a value of 197 mg / L of O2. The BOD5 value at the confluence of the three wadis at station S6 is of the order of 531 mg / L of O2. Station S5, which was used to evaluate the qualitative assessment of the Boufekrane river, showed an average BOD5 value of around 105 mg / L of O2. The COD / BOD5 ratio, reflecting biodegradability, shows a diverse origin of the pollution. It is predominantly domestic in the stations S1, S2, S4, and S5 and of industrial origin at the stations S3, S6, S7, and S8.

The global outbreak of the COVID-19 virus has caused a major crisis affecting the population, economies and health systems. Travelling restrictions, suspended business activities, lack of healthcare measures and loss of revenue are linked to the effects of the COVID-19 crisis. The pandemic impacted increase of unemployment, decrease of exports and imports as well as negative changes in consumer pricing and number of bankruptcies. COVID-19 has affected not only economic activities but also had a strong impact on human health with a high number of deaths. Global COVID-19 crisis management included tax and public protection measures, the application of fiscal policy also played an important role. Fiscal measures adopted to manage the consequences of the pandemic included wage support, business assistance, tax deferrals, social benefits for the most vulnerable groups of population. Fiscal policy measures applied by the states, depended on the epidemiological situation in the country, country capacities and identified priority areas. The scientific research articles summarizes national actions and measures which were applied to reduce the consequences of COVID-19, as well as analyzes the relevance of fiscal policy. After completing the analysis of the scientific sources, the aim of this final project was identified to be the – investigation of the impact of fiscal measures in order to reduce the effects of COVID-19. The object of the research – fiscal policy measures in the context of COVID-19. COVID-19 virus spread worldwide at the end of the 1st quarter of 2020. Currently recorded over a million deaths caused by the virus. Analysis of statistical data showed significant increase in unemployment in the second quarter of 2020. Also, the volume of imports and exports decreased significantly. The increase in bankruptcies was also noticeable but at the same time new companies were emerging. The world's authorities have actively responded to the spread of the virus and taken urgent actions. The IMF provided financial assistance to the countries affected by the pandemic, the EU took steps to ensure population health protection, measures to stop the spread of the virus, disinformation and supported development of vaccines (Goniewicz et al. 2020). Fiscal policy is implemented through the government expenditure and use of revenue to influence the economy (IMF, 2020). The importance of fiscal policy has become apparent during the recent financial crisis, when countries have taken steps to increase spending and cut taxes to suspend the effects of the crisis. In the case of the COVID-19 crisis, the focus is on health care, income maintenance and the provision of social benefits and business support. Researches shown that fiscal policy based on increase in government spending is most appropriate for analyzing GDP, debt-to-GDP ratios, deficit-to-GDP ratios. Also, analyzing the changes in Lithuanian real estate prices, it is assumed that the fiscal measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the smaller decline of housing prices. In the United States, fiscal measures focused on unemployment insurance, unconditional benefits and liquidity-providing measures are expected to have had the greatest impact on COVID-19 crisis management. After analysis of scientific resources was decided to analyze the effectiveness of fiscal policy measures applied during the COVID-19 crisis. After assessing the limitations of the study, the analysis is performed taking Lithuania for a case study, analyzing household consumption and long-term loan interests and their reaction to the COVID-19 economic stimulus measures. The study showed that household consumption was significantly affected by the "Plan of Measures for Economic Stimulation and Mitigation of the Spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19)", identified in 2nd aim content. Without appropriate economic stimulus measures, household consumption would be lower by about 14% in the 2nd quarter of 2020, lower by about 3% in the 3rd quarter of 2020 and lower by 4.4% in the last quarter of 2020. Analyzing the changes in long-term loan interest rates, it is assumed that this indicator changes can be explained by social benefits and liquidity ratios, therefore, without the application of these economic stimulus measures, long-term loan interest rates would be 177% lower (-0.2%) in the 2nd quarter of 2020. In the 3rd quarter of 2020, long-term loan interest rates would reach -0.39%, and in the last quarter would reach -0.02%. Thus, household consumption and long-term loan interest rates are significantly affected by the 2nd and 3rd aims of the COVID-19 consequence reduction plan prepared by Lithuania, which seeks to preserve income of the population and help businesses to maintain liquidity. In terms of global analysis, there was decided to analyze COVID-19 fiscal plans in other countries. The analysis of the fiscal plans revealed that Germany accounted for the largest share of fiscal measures (30% GDP), Sweden (16% of GDP), Austria (about 13% of GDP), France (10% of GDP). Analyzing the structure of fiscal plans, it is assumed that the largest amount of funds is allocated for business assistance, and the smaller part – for population. In the case of Lithuania, the study showed that measures to preserve the income of the population have the greatest impact on changes in household consumption. Greece (around 2% of GDP) and France (around 1.4% of GDP) accounted for the largest share of funds allocated to the population. Long-term loan interest rates are significantly affected by measures supporting business and the population. In Germany, France, Finland, Lithuania, Sweden, Austria and Greece most funds were allocated to businesses. The research has shown that the economic stimulus measures put in place during the COVID-19 pandemic did not stop the negative developments in household consumption and long-term loan interest rates. However, the applied measures mitigated the impact to the analyzed indicators throughout the COVID-19 period.

[spa] OBJETO: El presente trabajo de investigación se centra en demostrar el impacto y validez de un modelo inclusivo contextualizados en el área de Educación Física y fundamentado en el aprendizaje dialógico. Precisamente, comprobar la presencia de los principios del aprendizaje dialógico es otro de los objetivos de investigación. El modelo se denomina 'Retos Interactivos con Responsabilidad Compartida' y tiene por objetivo ofrecer una EF dialógica capaz de democratizar los aprendizajes de todos los alumnos y alumnas, sin dejar a nadie atrás. ESTADO DE CUESTIÓN: Por un lado, y teniendo en cuenta que cualquier programa educativo de calidad debe ser inclusivo y transformador, se procede a analizar la presencia de la calidad, la inclusión y la perspectiva crítica en el contexto educativo general y en la EF específicamente. Por otro lado, en un intento por contextualizar el aprendizaje dialógico en el área de EF, se dedica un capítulo a describir los principios del aprendizaje dialógico y su aplicación al área de EF, configurando el concepto de Educación Física Dialógica. Por último, se dedica un capítulo a presentar el modelo inclusivo Retos Interactivos con Responsabilidad Compartida, detallando el origen, la fundamentación, las claves y la estructura didáctica. DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO: La metodología de investigación seleccionada para la presente investigación es la Metodología Comunicativa. La elección metodológica se explica por dos motivos. En primer lugar, por a la afinidad dialógica existente entre la metodología de investigación y el modelo inclusivo objeto de estudio. En segundo lugar, porque, ante el desafío de aportar contribuciones que permitan avanzar hacia una EF de éxito, la organización comunicativa de la investigación y el análisis comunicativo de los datos se convierten en aspectos metodológicos esenciales y decisivos para lograr el impacto deseado. RESULTADOS: la implementación de modelo Retos Interactivos con Responsabilidad Compartida garantiza la presencia de los principios el aprendizaje dialógico independientemente del contexto. Los efectos sobre el aprendizaje derivados de su implementación demuestran aprendizajes de calidad a nivel curricular y convivencial, pero también se reportan aprendizajes relacionados con sentimientos como la amistad y la solidaridad. Por último, se reporta que el modelo inclusivo es un modelo en movimiento, en constante mejora y enriquecimiento gracias a la constante conversación entre las evidencias científicas, la práctica acumulada y las aportaciones de las personas participantes en la investigación. CONCLUSIONES: El modelo inclusivo Retos Interactivos con Responsabilidad Compartida se configura un modelo de éxito que favorece la democratización de los aprendizajes gracias a la presencia de los principios del aprendizaje dialógico. APORTACIONES: Una de las aportaciones de esta tesis es ofrecer un modelo inclusivo que, articulado por los principios del aprendizaje dialógico, garantiza un programa de EF inclusivo, de calidad y crítico, además de estar supeditado y ser compatible con el enfoque educativo que se orienta hacia las Actuaciones Educativas de Éxito. En definitiva, esta tesis aporta una importante contribución a la Educación Física Dialógica. ; [eng] PURPOSE: This PhD/Doctoral thesis focuses on demonstrating the impact and validity of an inclusive model contextualized in the area of Physical Education and based on dialogical learning. Furthermore, the verification of the presence of the principles of dialogic learning is another of the research objectives. The model is called 'Interactive Challenges with Shared Responsibility' and it aims to offer a dialogic PE for democratizing the learning of all students. STATE OF THE ART: On the one hand, and taking into account that any quality educational program must be inclusive and transformative, the presence of quality, inclusion and critical perspective in the general education context and specifically in PE was analyzed. On the other hand, in an attempt to contextualize dialogic learning in the area of PE, a chapter is devoted to describing the principles of dialogic learning and its application to the area of PE, creating the concept of Dialogic Physical Education. Finally, a chapter is dedicated to present the inclusive model Interactive Challenges with Shared Responsibility, describing the origin, fundamentals, theoretical keys and teaching structure. METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN: The research methodology selected for this research is the Communicative Methodology. Two reasons explain the methodological selection. Firstly, the dialogic affinity between the research methodology and the inclusive model. Secondly, the communicative organization of the research and the communicative analysis of the data become essential and decisive methodological aspects in order to achieve the desired impact, due to the challenge of making contributions for progressing towards a successful PE. RESULTS: the implementation of the Interactive Challenges with Shared Responsibility model guarantees the presence of the principles of dialogic learning regardless of the context. The effects on learning derived from its implementation demonstrate quality learning at the curricular and social level, but also learning related to feelings such as friendship and solidarity are reported. Finally, the inclusive model is a model in permanent improvement and enrichment, based on the ongoing conversation between scientific evidence, accumulated practice and the contributions of the people participating in this research. CONCLUSIONS: The Interactive Challenges with Shared Responsibility is configured as a successful model promoting to the democratization of learning thanks to the presence of the principles of dialogic learning. CONTRIBUTIONS: One of the contributions of this thesis is to offer an inclusive model that, based on the principles of dialogic learning, guarantees an inclusive, quality and critical PE program, being subordinated and compatible with the educational approach that is oriented towards the Successful Educational Actions. Definitely, this thesis becomes an important contribution to Dialogical Physical Education.

[spa] Los límites del papel de la traducción en el tejido del pensamiento árabe en sus fases clásica y moderna constituyen el tema principal de la presente investigación. En ambos periodos la traducción desempeñó una función primordial a la hora de transmitir las ideas y moldear los fundamentos del pensamiento árabe. No solo se trata de una mera operación traductora, sino también de un movimiento cultural integrado en los paradigmas del proyecto de la "registrografía" cultural árabe que tuvo lugar en los siglos VIII, IX y X, así como en el proyecto cultural de la nahḍa árabe moderna. Muchos factores ideológicos, políticos, confesionales y lingüísticos condicionaron el desarrollo de ambos proyectos e hicieron que el primero liderase constantemente la vida cultural árabe desde los albores del islam hasta la época moderna. Por eso, la transmisión al árabe de las ciencias de los antiguos se tuvo que someter al control cultural de los salaf; del mismo modo, la traducción del conocimiento científico innovador elaborado en Europa tuvo que hacer frente a dicho control. Además, la construcción cultural en el ámbito árabe-islámico se hizo bajo la sombra del papel intermediario de otras culturas, como la siríaca y la persa en el periodo clásico o como la francesa y la turco-otomana en la época moderna. Esta diversidad cultural desarrollada entre fuerzas centrípetas y centrífugas generó fenómenos traductológicos como la apropiación del conocimiento o la arabización de los textos objeto de traducción. Asimismo, dio lugar a la aparición de nuevas corrientes como el orientalismo europeo y el occidentalismo árabe, que utilizan la traducción como recurso práctico para definir respectivamente Oriente y Occidente. Siguiendo un método analítico y crítico, esta investigación aborda el estudio de los límites de este complejo proceso traductor para aportar rasgos pertinentes que permiten entender cómo se urdieron los distintos rumbos del pensamiento árabe-islámico en sus fases clásica y moderna, sin perder de vista el patrimonio cultural de los salaf. ; [eng] The limits of the role of translation within the fabric of Arab thought in its classical and modern periods are the primary focus of this study. In both periods, translation proved instrumental in the transmission of ideas and played a key role in shaping the foundations of Arab thought. This was not merely about the activity of translation per se, but also about a cultural movement integrated into the paradigms of two overarching projects: the Arab cultural "registrography" of the ninth, tenth and eleventh centuries, and the later cultural project of the Arab Renaissance or Naḥda. A host of ideological, political, religious and linguistic factors had an important impact on the two projects and led the earlier one to carry on a continuing leadership role in Arab cultural life from the dawn of Islam into the modern era. As a result, the transmission of the sciences of antiquity was necessarily subjected to cultural control by the Salaf, as were later translations of innovative scientific knowledge arriving from Europe. In addition, cultural construction in the Arab–Islamic world took place in the shadow of the intermediary role played by other cultures, such as the Syriac and Persian cultures in the classical period and the French and Ottoman-Turkish cultures in the modern era. This cultural diversity, which developed amid both centripetal and centrifugal forces, produced translation phenomena such as the appropriation of knowledge and the Arabicization of texts in translation. Similarly, it spurred the emergence of new currents of thought, such as European Orientalism and Arab Occidentalism, which employed translation as a practical resource to define the East and West, respectively. The present study, which adopts a critical analytical method, seeks to examine the limits of the complex process of translation in order to identify the traits that are important for understanding how the diverse strands of Arab–Islamic thought fit together in its classical and modern periods without losing sight of the cultural legacy of the Salaf. ; [ara] تشكل إنجازات وحدود دور الترجمة في النسيج الفكري العربي قديما وحديثا الموضوع الأساسي لهذا البحث. ذلك أنه في كلتا الفترتين لعبت الترجمة دورا رئيسا في نقل الأفكار وفي وضع اللبنات الأساسية للفكر العربي عموما. لا يتعلق الأمر فقط بنقل النصوص من لغة إلى لغة وفقا للمفهوم التقليدي للترجمة، بل بحركة فكرية انخرطت أولا في مشروع التدوين الثقافي العربي خلال العصر الكلاسيكي، الذي يمتد من القرن الثامن الميلادي إلى القرن العاشر، وثانيا في بناء النهضة الثقافية العربية خلال العصر الحديث. ولا شك أن العديد من العوامل الأيديولوجية والسياسية والعقدية واللغوية قد ساهمت في إنجاز المشروعين الفكريين وجعلت من الأول أنموذجا للحياة الثقافية لدى الشعوب الناطقة بالعربية منذ فجر الإسلام إلى العصر الحديث. إذ أن نقل علوم الأوائل قديما أو ترجمة التطور العلمي المنجز في أوروبا حديثا إلى اللغة العربية كان يخضع وجوبا للراقبة الثقافية الممارسَة من طرف رواد السلف. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يلاحظ أن بناء الثقافة العربية الإسلامية ساهمت فيه أيضا الثقافات الأخرى التي لعبت دور الوساطة اللغوية في الترجمة كالسريانية والفارسية في العصر القديم أو الفرنسية والتركية العثمانية في العصر الحديث. ووسط هذه التجاذبات الناتجة عن التعدد الثقافي، بزغت ظواهر ترجمية تستهدف الأصول لتعريبها أو لتحويلها إلى مكتسبات معرفية. كما ظهرت تيارات فكرية جديدة، كالاستشراق الأوروبي والاستغراب العربي، جعلت من الترجمة عنصرا براغماتيا يُعتمد عليه لتحديد رموز الشرق والغرب. باتباعنا لمنهجية التحليل النقدي، تسعى هذه الأطروحة إلى تقديم دراسة مفصلة لهذا السياق الترجمي المعقد لفهم تطورات النسيج الفكري العربي الإسلامي واتجاهاته قديما وحديثا، وما لعبه من دور في ذلك التراث الثقافي للسلف خلال أبرز مراحله. الكلمات المفتاحية الفكر العربي، الترجمة ونقد الترجمة، العباسيون، النهضة، الاستشراق، الحضارة الغربية.

In this paper, I present the relationship between destruction and traces in order to investigate how it is possible to materially reconstruct that which has been destroyed. I analyze the visual work Stellar (2015), by Peruvian artist Giancarlo Scaglia, and the film Nostalgia de la Luz (2010), by Chilean director Patricio Guzmán, to show how both artifacts propose destruction as the production of other materialities (in the form of traces) capable of giving hints about their previous form and make feasible a type of political sense that the material totality does not allow. To this end, I find in these artifacts different mediation technologies that question the legibility of the traces. Stellar uses the technique of frottage as a way of making absence present by means of tracing and reveals in its materiality the vestiges of an event of the past and the difficulties that limit its memorialization. Nostalgia de la Luz, on the other hand, proposes both a visual training on how to read the fissures of material destruction, the result of state policies of erasure, and a sophisticated review of the complexities of the policies of archiving human bones as forms of violence that configure other traces to be read. In this way, the two objects I study in this paper allow me to propose ways of understanding destruction as a process that we can only read about through traces. The traces of destruction not only allow us to reconstruct a story, but also revitalize a memory that resists despite its erasure linked to state policies of oblivion. Reading the traces of destruction means reversing the procedures of political dismemberment, even if this does not imply resolving a past conflict or putting an end to mourning, but rather the possibility of remembering in spite of everything. ; En este trabajo presento la relación entre destrucción y huella para indagar cómo se puede reconstruir materialmente aquello que ha sido destruido. Analizo la obra visual Stellar (2015), del artista peruano Giancarlo Scaglia, y la película Nostalgia de la luz (2010), del director chileno Patricio Guzmán, para proponer cómo ambos artefactos plantean la destrucción como la producción de otras materialidades (en forma de huellas) capaces de dar trazos sobre su previa forma y hacer factible un tipo de sentido político que la totalidad material no hace posible. Para ello, encuentro en estos artefactos diferentes tecnologías de mediación que interrogan la legibilidad de las huellas. Stellar utiliza la técnica del frottage como modo de hacer presente la ausencia por medio del calco y revela en su materialidad vestigios de un evento del pasado y las dificultades que limitan su memorialización. Nostalgia de la luz, en cambio, propone tanto un entrenamiento visual sobre cómo leer las fisuras de la destrucción material, resultado de políticas estatales de borramiento, como una sofisticada revisión sobre las complejidades de las políticas de archivación de huesos humanos como formas de violencia que configuran otras huellas a ser leídas. De esta manera, los dos objetos que estudio en este artículo me permiten plantear formas de entender la destrucción como un proceso del cual solo podemos leer mediados por huellas. Las huellas de destrucción no solo permiten reconstruir una historia, sino que revitalizan una memoria que resiste a pesar de su borradura ligada a políticas estatales de la desmemoria. Leer las huellas de la destrucción significa invertir los procedimientos de la desmemoria política, aunque ello no implique resolver un conflicto del pasado o cerrar el duelo, sino más bien la posibilidad de recordar pese a todo. ; Neste trabalho, apresento a relação entre destruição e rastro para indagar como aquilo que foi destruído pode ser reconstruído materialmente. Analiso a obra visual Stellar (2015), do artista peruano Giancarlo Scaglia, e o filme Nostalgia de la luz (2010), do diretor chileno Patricio Guzmán, para propor como ambos os artefatos sugerem a destruição como a produção de outras materialidades (na forma de rastros) capazes de dar sinais sobre a sua forma anterior e possibilitar um tipo de sentido político que a totalidade material não torna possível. Para isso, encontro nesses artefatos diferentes tecnologias de mediação que questionam a legibilidade dos rastros. Stellar utiliza a técnica do frottage como forma de tornar presente a ausência por meio do traçado e revela, em sua materialidade, vestígios de um acontecimento do passado e as dificuldades que limitam sua memorização. Nostalgia de la luz, pelo contrário, propõe tanto um treinamento visual sobre como ler as fissuras da destruição material, fruto das políticas estatais de apagamento, quanto uma revisão sofisticada sobre as complexidades das políticas de arquivamento de ossos humanos como formas de violência que configuram outros rastros a serem lidos. Desse modo, os dois objetos que estudo neste artigo me permitem propor maneiras de entender a destruição como um processo do qual só podemos ler mediados pelos rastros. Os rastros de destruição não só nos permitem reconstruir uma história, mas também revitalizar uma memória que resiste apesar do seu apagamento ligado às políticas estatais de esquecimento. Ler os rastros da destruição significa inverter os procedimentos do esquecimento político, embora isso não implique resolver um conflito do passado ou encerrar o duelo, mas, sim, a possibilidade de lembrar apesar de tudo. Ler os vestígios da destruição significa inverter os procedimentos do esquecimento político, embora isso não implique resolver um conflito do passado ou encerrar o luto, mas, sim, a possibilidade de lembrar apesar de tudo.

Context. Many massive stars have nearby companions. These hamper a characterization of massive stars through spectroscopy.Aims. We continue to obtain spatially resolved spectroscopy of close massive visual binaries to derive their spectral types.Methods. We used the lucky spectroscopy technique to obtain a large number of short long-slit spectroscopic exposures of 19 close visual binaries under good seeing conditions. We selected those with the best characteristics, extracted the spectra using multiple-profile fitting, and combined the results to derive spatially separated spectra. The results were analyzed in combination with data from lucky imaging, regular intermediate-resolution single-order spectroscopy, and echelle high-resolution spectroscopy.Results. The new application of lucky spectroscopy has allowed us (among other results) to [a] spatially disentangle two O stars (FN CMa B and 6 Cas B) with brighter BA supergiant companions for the first time; [b] determine that two B stars (alpha Sco B and HD 164 492 B) with close and more massive companions are fast rotators (in the second case, solving a case of mistaken identity); [c] extend the technique to cases with extreme magnitude differences (the previous two cases plus CS Cam A,B), shorter separations (HD 193 443 A,B), and fainter primary magnitudes down to B=11 (HD 219 460 A,B); [d] spatially disentangle the spectra of stars with companions as diverse as an A supergiant (6 Cas A), a Wolf-Rayet star (HD 219 460 B = WR 157), and an M supergiant (alpha Sco A); [e] discover the unexpected identity of some targets such as two previously unknown bright O stars (HD 51 756 B and BD +60 544) and a new member of the rare OC category (HD 8768 A); and [f] identify and classify (in some cases for the first time) which of the components of four visual binaries (sigma Ori, HD 219 460, HD 194 649, and HD 191 201) is a double-lined spectroscopic binary. For another seven systems (FN CMa, sigma Sco, HD 51 756, HD 218 195, HD 17 520, HD 24 431, and HD 164 492), we detect signs of spectroscopic binarity using high-spectral-resolution spectroscopy. We also determine the limits of the technique. © ESO 2021. ; J.M.A., C.F., A.S., M.P.G., and G.H. acknowledge support from the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia through grant PGC2018-095049-B-C22. R.H.B. acknowledges support from the ESAC Faculty Visitor Program. I.N. and S.S.-D. acknowledge support from the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia through grant PGC2018-093741-B-C21/22 (MICIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). S.S.-D. also acknowledges funding from the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia through grants SEV 2015-0548 and CEX2019-000920-S, and from the Canarian Agency for Research, Innovation and Information Society (ACIISI), of the Canary Islands Government, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), under grant with reference ProID2017010115. This paper is based on (a) lucky (and regular longslit) spectroscopy obtained with the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope (WHT) at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos (ORM) on the island of La Palma, Spain; (b) lucky imaging obtained with the 2.2m Telescope at the Centro Astronomico Hispano en Andalucia (CAHA) in Almeria, Spain; (c) IFU spectroscopy obtained with the 2 m Liverpool Telescope (LT) at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos (ORM) on the island of La Palma, Spain as part of GOSSS; (d) long-slit spectroscopy obtained with the 2.5 duPont Telescope at the Observatorio de Las Campanas (LCO) in Chile; and (e) high-resolution echelle spectroscopy from the LiLiMaRlin project obtained with a variety of spectrographs: HERMES at the 1.2 m Mercator Telescope (MT) at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos (ORM) on the island of La Palma, Spain; ELODIE at the 1.93 m Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP) Telescope, France; FEROS at the 2.2 m Telescope of the Observatorio de La Silla in Chile; CAFE at the 2.2 m Centro Astronomico Hispano en Andalucia (CAHA) Telescope, Almeria, Spain; FIES at the 2.5 Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos (ORM) on the island of La Palma, Spain; and UVES at the 8.2 m Kueyen Telescope at the Observatorio Paranal in Chile. Some of the MT and NOT data were obtained from the IACOB spectroscopic database (Simon-Diaz et al. 2011b,a, 2015b). This paper has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This paper has also made use of the Washington Double Star (WDS) catalog (Mason et al. 2001) and the Ski ff (2014) catalog of spectral classifications. The authors would like to thank the personnel of the WHT, CAHA, LT, LCO, MT, La Silla, and NOT observatories for their support and hospitality throughout the years. We dedicate this paper to our deceased colleagues, Virpi S. Niemela and Nolan R. Walborn, who they surely would have enjoyed having access to data like the ones presented here. ; With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709. ; Peer reviewed

White shrimp has become a key commodity in Vietnamese aquaculture. White shrimp farming does not only enable the participation of smallholders, but also attracts companies and other stakeholders along the value chain. The value generating activities in white shrimp farming have contributed to improved livelihood opportunities of its stakeholders, and the socioeconomic growth of coastal communities in general. However, low accessibility to high value markets, low bargaining power and high dependence are existing issues for farmers, which affect the efficiency of white shrimp farming, as well as the development of the white shrimp value chain. Based on a qualitative analysis of the white shrimp value chain in Vietnam, the presented research explores the current situation of production and consumption of the white shrimp industry, as well as advantages, disadvantages and development strategies in white shrimp farming. The value chain analysis approaches are theoretically based on the concepts of global production networks and global value chains (e.g. Gerreffi et al., 1994, 2005, 2016; Humphrey and Schmitz, 2001; Dicken, 2015; Coe and Yeung, 2015). Gereffi et al.'s (2005) approach of five types of governance and Humphrey and Schmitz' (2002) concept of four types of upgrading within the concept of value chain analysis are the backbone of this study. The goal of this study was to provide information on the current status and sustainability issues in white shrimp farming, the differences among marketing channels and response ability of farmers to access each channel. Additionally, the power relationships among actors within the white shrimp value chain and the impact of these relationships on farmers are also outlined. Qualitative research methods were applied by conducting 24 semi-structured interviews. Interviewed stakeholders include white shrimp farmers, suppliers, middlemen, wholesalers, retailers, and relevant representatives of local governments. Further, secondary data was collected through socio-economic reports of government levels and related previous research. Thua Thien Hue province in central Vietnam was selected as the case study area. The first part of this thesis is an introduction on global food, the importance of aquaculture and the rationale behind conducting research on value chain analysis. Afterwards, the framework of value chain analysis, governance and upgrading dimensions and the agri-food value chain, Vietnamese aquaculture with regard to development processes, distribution and existing issues, as well as the research methodology are outlined before presenting the empirical results, discussion and conclusion. The research results are outlined in four stand-alone research papers (chapters 5-8), which have the following common characteristics: the research focuses on small-scale white shrimp farmers; the theoretical approach of global production networks and global value chains is used for the analysis; governance dimensions are also a theoretical lens used throughout the research; furthermore, informal transactions and informal relationships often coin the white shrimp value chain and are thus integral parts of the empirical work. The results show that the volume of white shrimp has significantly increased in central Vietnam in both, production and export since 2002. White shrimp farming requires high investments while it can provide comparably high revenue for farmers; normally, farmers can gain profit margins from 4.5 to 10%. However, lack of expertise, low availability of relevant infrastructure, missing access to capital and traditional production routines of farmers are affecting sustainability as well as resilient livelihoods with regard to the quality of white shrimp seed, changing technical knowledge, use of aquatic medicine, water pollution and curing diseases. Furthermore, there is a dependency of farmers on input suppliers because farmers are often debtors of input suppliers, especially of industrial feed suppliers. Meanwhile, the output market of white shrimp is controlled by intermediaries and most of the Vietnamese white shrimp production is traded via these middlemen before being distributed to consumers or processors. Although farmers can access the processing plant to capture a higher share of value, international standards appear as barriers for these kinds of direct business relations. The change from informal relationships to formal relationships is constrained by the gap between the quality requirements of processing plants and the ability of farmers to adapt to those requirements. Thus, selecting intermediaries is currently the easiest solution for farmers for accessing sales markets. This development led to ignoring the regulations on using antibiotics for shrimp production and wastewater treatment among farmers; instead, they solely focused on growing the production and maximizing revenues, which can be considered an attempt of farmers to compensate their disadvantages. Compared to other actors in the white shrimp value chain, farmers have less bargaining power, and little to no possibilities of independent decision-making, which leaves them only able to react instead of act within business relations. The relationships among actors in the chain were established based on personal trust, regular face-to-face interaction and the exchange of tacit information. The typical feature of the relationships is a high degree of informality and that the binding character can be stronger than with a formal contract. Local governments and farmers have implemented various strategies to upgrade the white shrimp value chain. That might result in issuing the regulations in white shrimp farming, establishing cooperative organizations. However, these activities are still limited and the majority of farmers are still facing major issues of access to distribution channels and dependencies on middlemen and suppliers. Hence, the thesis concludes, that in order to be competitive and ecologically sustainable, white shrimp farmers need to change production habits and improve product quality to respond to the requirements of domestic and international markets. The local government needs to continue to support farmers with infrastructure, capital and technology.

Endocrine disruptors (EDCs), and in particular, xenoestrogens, comprise a wide variety of contaminants, including priority hazardous substances and emerging contaminants that can cause harmful effects on coastal ecosystems, such as the feminization of males from mollusc and fish populations. Marine pollution surveillance efforts include the analysis of contaminants in biomonitoring organisms, such as mussels, and the measurement of some biomarkers of expression and effect, but there are no standardized methods for the biological control of xenoestrogens. The main objective of this work is to verify the validity of Vtg as a possible biomarker of contamination caused by xenoestrogenical substances, through the specific study in this thesis of the effect of the EDC 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) at different molecular levels in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. For this purpose, we applied label-free shotgun proteomics for the quantitative analysis of Vtg in the mussel gonadal tissue, and compared these results with those obtained using the indirect technique alkali labile phosphates (ALP). Proteomic techniques were later applied to determine whether Vtg is expressed in response to exposure to EE2, a synthetic hormone that is a well know potential endocrine disruptor of Vtg levels in different vertebrate aquatic species. Different laboratory exposure experiments to EE2 were carried out in order to test whether M. galloprovincialis Vtg is a suitable biomarker of estrogenicity at proteomic and transcriptomic levels. The effect of food availability and gonad maturity stage were also studied as confounding factors on Vtg measurement. ; Los disruptores endocrinos (EDC), y en particular, los xenoestrógenos comprenden una amplia variedad de contaminantes, incluidas sustancias peligrosas prioritarias y contaminantes emergentes que pueden causar efectos nocivos en los ecosistemas costeros, como la feminización de machos de poblaciones de moluscos y peces. Los esfuerzos de vigilancia de la contaminación marina incluyen el análisis de contaminantes en organismos biomonitores, tales como los mejillones, y la medición de algunos biomarcadores de expresión y efecto, pero no existen métodos estandarizados para el control biológico de los xenoestrógenos. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es verificar la validez de la vitelogenina (Vtg) como posible biomarcador de contaminación causada por sustancias xenoestrogénicas, a través del estudio específico en esta tesis del efecto del EDC 17α-etinilestradiol (EE2) a diferentes niveles moleculares en el mejillón marino Mytilus galloprovincialis. Para este propósito, se utilizó determinación directa mediante espectrometría de masas tras la separación de proteínas mediante electroforesis para el análisis cuantitativo de Vtg en el tejido gonadal del mejillón, y se compararon estos resultados con los obtenidos usando la técnica indirecta de fosfatos lábiles en álcali (ALP). Posteriormente se aplicó la técnica proteómica directa para determinar si la Vtg se expresa en respuesta a la exposición a EE2, una hormona sintética que es un potencial disruptor endocrino de los niveles de Vtg en diferentes especies de vertebrados acuáticos. Se llevaron a cabo diferentes experimentos de exposición de laboratorio a EE2 con el fin de probar si la Vtg de M. galloprovincialis es un biomarcador adecuado de estrogenicidad a niveles proteómicos y transcriptómicos. El efecto de la disponibilidad de alimentos y el estado de maduración gonadal también se estudiaron como factores de confusión en la medida de la Vtg. ; Os disruptores endócrinos (EDCs), e en particular, os xenoestróxenos comprenden unha gran variedade de contaminantes, incluíndo substancias perigosas prioritarias e contaminantes emerxentes que poden causar efectos nocivos nos ecosistemas costeiros, como a feminización de machos de poboacións de moluscos e peixes. Os esforzos de vixilancia da contaminación mariña inclúen a análise de contaminantes en organismos biomonitores, tales como os mexillóns, e a medición dalgúns biomarcadores de exposición e efecto, pero non existen métodos estandarizados para o control biolóxico dos xenoestróxenos. O obxectivo principal deste traballo é verificar a validez da viteloxenina (Vtx) como posible biomarcador de contaminación causada por substancias xenoestroxénicas, a través do estudo específico nesta tese do efecto do EDC 17α-etinilestradiol (EE2) a diferentes niveis moleculares no mexillón mariño Mytilus galloprovincialis. Para este propósito utilizouse a determinación directa mediante espectrometría de masas despois da separación de proteínas mediante electroforese para a análise cuantitativa da Vtx no tecido gonadal do mexillón, e se compararon os resultados cos obtidos utilizando a técnica indirecta de fosfatos lábiles en álcali (ALP). Posteriormente aplicouse a técnica proteómica directa para determinar se a Vtx se expresa en resposta a exposición a EE2, unha hormona sintética que é un potencial disruptor endócrino dos niveis de Vtx en diferentes especies de vertebrados acuáticos. Leváronse a cabo diferentes experimentos de exposición de laboratorio a EE2 co fin de probar se a Vtx de M. galloprovincialis é un biomarcador adecuado de estroxenicidade a niveis proteómicos e transcriptómicos. O efecto da dispoñibilidade de alimentos e o estado de maduración gonadal tamén se estudaron como factores de confusión na medida da Vtx. ; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. AGL2014-52062-R ; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. PCIN-2015-187-C03-03 ; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. PID2019-107611RB-I00 ; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. PID2019-108857RB-C3 ; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CTM2013-48194-C3-3 -R ; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CTM2016-77945-C3 ; Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2016-037 ; Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2017/46 ; Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2017-028 ; Xunta de Galicia |Ref. ED431C 2020/05 ; Xunta de Galicia | Ref. IN607B 2018/10 ; Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481A-2017/298 ; European Union | Ref. FP7 / 2007-2013, n. 600391

Este estudo explorou a política pública implementada pelo governo federal brasileiro para formação de diretores de escola, em cooperação com os sistemas de educação estaduais e municipais, a fim de melhorar os resultados da aprendizagem escolar, desenvolvida no âmbito do Programa Nacional Escola de Gestores da Educação Básica Pública (PNGEB). O artigo investigou os conteúdos da pós-graduação lato sensu Gestão Escolar, na perspectiva da base de conhecimento contemporâneo sobre administração da educação tal como apresentado na literatura internacional. Os conteúdos contemplados na formação pouco compartilham da sólida base de conhecimento internacional desenvolvida no campo da administração educacional, especialmente aquelas relacionadas às práticas de liderança para o aprimoramento escolar, como um conjunto de orientações e práticas para o fazer pedagógico. Os resultados mostram que a política de desenvolvimento de diretores de escolas no Brasil pouco aproveitou a contribuição das pesquisas sobre liderança educacional em todo o mundo, apesar das evidências de pesquisas mostrarem que as práticas de liderança compartilham muito mais semelhanças do que diferenças entre diferentes contextos. ; Este estudio explora la política pública implementada por el gobierno federal brasileño para el desarrollo de líderes escolares en servicio, en cooperación con los sistemas educativos, con el fin de mejorar los resultados del aprendizaje escolar. Tiene como objetivo investigar los contenidos incluidos en el Diploma de Postgrado en Gestión Escolar (PGE), relacionados con el conocimiento contemporáneo de la administración de la educación tal como se presenta en la literatura. Se analizaron documentos públicos sobre el programa PGE, como los programas de estudios, el contenido de la instrucción y las referencias. La literatura sobre el desarrollo y la preparación de los directores sugiere que la selección apropiada del contenido de la base de investigación es clave para un diseño de programa eficaz. Los hallazgos muestran que el contenido para el desarrollo de los directores de escuela en el programa PGE enfatiza los derechos educativos, la política sobre educación y la planificación escolar en una perspectiva de nivel macro. Comparten una coherencia limitada con la base de conocimientos desarrollada en la administración de la educación en todo el mundo, especialmente los relacionados con las prácticas de liderazgo para la mejora escolar, como un conjunto de direcciones e instrucciones para la mejora. El programa no se refirió a ninguno de los autores más citados ni a los artículos más citados en el campo. Se observó un desplazamiento entre la formulación de la política y su implementación. Se evidenciaron disputas sobre la concepción del programa, prevaleciendo una visión más aislada y local de la gestión escolar. Los resultados muestran que la política para el desarrollo de directores de escuela en Brasil aprovechó muy poco la contribución de la investigación sobre liderazgo educativo a nivel mundial, a pesar de que las evidencias de investigación muestran que las prácticas de liderazgo comparten muchas más similitudes que diferencias considerando los contextos. ; Cette étude explore la politique publique mise en œuvre par le gouvernement fédéral brésilien pour le développement des chefs d'établissement en cours d'emploi, en coopération avec les systèmes éducatifs étatiques et locaux, afin d'améliorer les résultats de l'apprentissage scolaire. Il vise à étudier le contenu inclus dans le diplôme de troisième cycle en gestion scolaire (CGE), lié aux connaissances contemporaines de l'administration de l'éducation telles que présentées dans la littérature. Les documents publics sur le programme CGE, tels que les programmes de cours, le contenu de l'enseignement et les références ont été analysés. La littérature sur le développement et la préparation des directions d'école suggère qu'une sélection appropriée du contenu de la base de recherche est la clé d'une conception de programme efficace. Les résultats montrent que le contenu du développement des directeurs d'école sur le programme CGE met l'accent sur les droits à l'éducation, la politique en matière d'éducation et la planification scolaire dans une perspective au niveau macro. Ils partagent une cohérence limitée avec la base de connaissances développée dans l'administration de l'éducation dans le monde entier, en particulier celles liées aux pratiques de leadership pour l'amélioration des écoles, telles qu'un ensemble d'orientations et d'instructions pour l'amélioration. Le programme ne faisait référence à aucun des auteurs les plus cités ni aux articles les plus cités dans le domaine. Un décalage entre la formulation de la politique et sa mise en œuvre a été observé. Des différends sur la conception du programme ont été mis en évidence, prévalant une vision plus isolée et locale de la gestion de l'école. Les résultats montrent que la politique de développement des directeurs d'école au Brésil a très peu profité de la contribution de la recherche sur le leadership éducatif dans le monde, malgré les preuves de recherche montrant que les pratiques de leadership partagent beaucoup plus de similitudes que de différences compte tenu des contextes. ; This study explores the public policy implemented by the Brazilian federal government for in-service school leaders' development, in cooperation with state and local education systems, in order to improve school learning outcomes. It aims to investigate the content included in the post-graduate Diploma in School Management (DSM), related to international contemporary knowledge of education administration as presented in the literature. Public documents on the DSM programme, such as courses syllabi, content of instruction and references were analysed. The programme did not refer to any of the most quoted authors or the most quoted articles in the field. A displacement between the policy formulation and its implementation was observed. Disputes over programme conception was evidenced, prevailing a more insulated and local view on school management. Results show that the policy for school principals' development in Brazil took very limited advantage of the contribution of research on educational leadership worldwide, despite research evidences showing that leadership practices share much more similarities than differences considering contexts.

The Future of Cancer and Collective Intelligence in the Post-Covid World project was jointly conceived by the Innovation School at Glasgow School of Art and the Institute of Cancer Sciences at the University of Glasgow. Graduating year Product Design students from the Innovation School were presented with a challenge-based project to produce a vision of the future based on current trends that relate to the Future of Cancer and Collective Intelligence in the Post-Covid World. Currently, cancer research and development occur in isolated pockets within stages across the cancer care continuum, which often negatively impacts on the potential for cancer professionals to exchange, integrate and share data, insights and knowledge across the framework. One of the most significant societal shifts currently taking place within Cancer and Collective Intelligence is the transformation from the siloed clinic point of care model to a seamless continuum of care with greater focus on prevention and early intervention, changing what it means to be someone living with cancer and a professional working within this context. From this new dynamic, emerges the concept of living-labs; transdisciplinary communities of practice involving people working within and living with cancer, capable, through collective intelligence-enabled systems and services, of generating knowledge which can be used locally, and shared globally, to deliver focused innovations across the whole cancer ecosystem. If collective intelligence holds the potential to truly connect people to people, and people to data, across diverse communities, linking peoples' lived experiences locally and globally, what kinds of new health and care services might emerge to improve cancer control across the continuum from prevention, detection, treatment and survivorship, and what types of new roles might emerge for citizens, patients and community groups to collaboratively drive these forward with health professionals? In order to address this challenge, the GSA Innovation School's final year Product Design students and faculty formed a dynamic community of practice with cancer practitioners and researchers from the Institute of Cancer Sciences at The University of Glasgow and beyond to envisage a 2030 cancer blueprint as a series of future world exhibits, and create the designed products, services and experiences for the people who might live and work within this ecosystem. This project involved the students working in partnership with an Expert Faculty composed of Cancer Physicians, Cancer Researchers, Social Scientists, Biomedical Engineers, Health Research Specialists, Past Patients, Digital Health Specialists, Design Experts and Government Agencies. The Expert Faculty was assembled from a range of local to global organisations including the University of Glasgow, the Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, the Malawi Ministry of Health and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC is part of the World Health Organization). This project asked the students to embark on a speculative design exploration into future experiences of working and living with cancer ten years from now, where advances in collective intelligence have evolved to the extent that new forms and ecosystems of medical practice, cancer care and experiences of living with, through and beyond cancer transform how we interact with each other, with health professionals and the communities around us. This project was conceived and carried out during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Throughout the project the students positively used this situation to creatively embrace a digital studio practice and innovate around digital and remote access platforms and forums for collaboration, development and engagement. Thus, the designed products, services and experiences for the people who might live and work within the cancer ecosystem are presented as innovative, highly creative, fully immersive, experiential exhibits. The project was divided into two sections: The first was a collaborative stage based on Future Worlds. The worlds are groups of students working together on specific topics, to establish the context for their project and collaborate on research and development. These were clustered together around 'Future Working' and 'Future Living' but also joined up across these groups to create pairs of worlds, and in the process generate collective intelligence between the groups. The worlds clustered around 'Future Working' are Education, Care and Treatment, Prevention and Detection. Future Worlds clustered around 'Future Living' are Personal Wellbeing, Communicating Cancer, Beyond Cancer. The second stage saw students explore their individual response to their assigned Future World that had been created in the first stage. Each student developed their own research by iteratively creating a design outcome that was appropriate to the Future cancer World. This culminated in each student producing designed products, services or systems and a communication of the future experiences created. Throughout the project, the results were presented as a series live interactive digitally curated, virtual work-in-progress exhibitions for specific audiences including a special global event to participate in World Cancer Day on the 4th February 2021. An event which allowed the students to actively interact and discuss the project with a global audience of cancer community leaders. The deposited materials are arranged as follows: 1. Readme files - two readme files relate to tage one and stage two of the project as outlined above. 2. Project overview document - gives a visual overview of the structure and timeline of the project. 3. Stage one data folders - the data folders for stage one of the project are named by the six Future Worlds through which each group explored possible futures. 4. Stage two data folders - the data folders for stage two of the project are named for the individual students who conducted the work and organised by the Future World cluster they worked within.

Problem setting. Local governments in Ukraine have been given more powers and financial resources to ensure balanced local development in the context of decentralization. Due to the decentralization of public power, strategic planning at the level of territorial communities has acquired a qualitatively new meaning. On the one hand, this was facilitated by the establishment of direct inter-budgetary relations of local self-government bodies of the basic level with the state budget. On the other hand, the stimulating factor that necessitated the introduction of the principles of strategic planning in territorial communities was the change of approaches to the implementation of state regional policy. At the same time, today there are no relevant studies of the state of strategic planning at the local level and the ability of local governments to ensure the formation of quality strategies for the development of territorial communities. Recent research and publications analysis. The studies of the strategic planning of regional and local development have been performed by V. Kuybida, V. Vakulenko, O. Berdanova, V. Yuzefovych, A. Tkachuk, T. Zabukovets-Kovachych, V. Kuzmyn, O. Prokopenko, V. Udovychenko, N. Hrynchuk, V.Koltun, S. Shults, S. Davymuk, L. Fedulova and others. Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. In spite of the researcher's interest in the selected range of problems, the issue of the quality of strategic planning and the effectiveness of the implementation of local development strategies remains understudied. Paper main body. As a result of the administrative-territorial reform, 73territorial communities were created in the territory of Lviv region. Today development strategies are available in 18 of them. Another 33 territorial communities are in the process of developing strategies. 22 territorial communities have not started developing strategies yet. There are certain patterns regarding the state of strategic planning in communities. It depends on their financial capacity. This is verified by the analysis of three groups of territorial communities. According to the available information, the relationship between the state of strategic planning in territorial communities, depending on the status of their administrative center (village, town or city) is not established. The processes of voluntary unification of territorial communities had a clear positive impact on the state of strategic planning at the local level. Thus, out of 18territorial communities of Lviv region, which currently have development strategies, 16 have developed strategies in the status of voluntarily united territorial communities. Research institutions, public organizations, think tanks, local regional development agencies, international and domestic projects to support the institutional capacity of local self-government, associations of local self-government bodies have a positive impact on the state of strategic planning in communities. The problem of synchronization of planning periods in the development strategies of territorial communities of Lviv region with the state planning period, which is focused on the relevant planning period of the European Union – 2021 – 2027, is one of the most common. Thus, only 5 territorial communities have strategies developed by 2027. Thus, the results of the analysis of the state of strategic planning for the development of territorial communities of Lviv region revealed the following problems, which are grouped by different aspects: –lack of approved strategies of territorial communities; –the boundaries of territorial communities have been changed after the approval of relevant strategies; –the problem of synchronization of planning periods in development strategies of territorial communities with the state planning period; –insufficiently deep socio-economic analysis of the development of the respective territories; –lack of conclusions on the identified trends of socio-economic development based on the results of socio-economic analysis; –lack of described development scenarios, demographic and economic forecasts in most community development strategies; –low level of participation of business and public representatives in the formation of the strategy of development of the territorial community; –Lack of Action Plans for the implementation of strategies for the development of territorial communities; –weak logical connection between the strategic objectives of the Strategies for the Development of Territorial Communities and budget planning. Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Strategic planning in territorial communities is one of the conditions for a successful of decentralization reform. The strategies of the region and territorial communities of Lviv region for the planning period 2021 – 2027 were developed in 2018 – 2020 and are mostly in line with the State Strategy for Regional Development. At the same time, regional and local strategies reveal an imbalance of tasks according to strategic goals. The problem is the focus on the "infrastructure component" and the lack of understanding of the need to take priority measures to increase the level of cohesion of the territorial community around common values and priorities. Most territorial community development strategies offer typical solutions to problems that do not always correspond to the specifics of local demographic, economic and cultural development, as well as the problems of the respective territories. Quality strategies for the development of territorial communities require a unified methodology approved by the Government. In order to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of strategies for the development of territorial communities, it is necessary to form action plans and implement monitoring. To solve the problems of strategic planning in territorial communities, it is important to provide constant support from state and regional authorities. ; Проаналізовано чинні стратегії розвитку регіону та територіальних громад Львівської області, їх відповідність Державній стратегії регіонального розвитку на 2021 – 2027 рр. Систематизовано основні проблеми, пов'язані із взаємоузгодженістю державних, регіональних та місцевих планувальних документів. Охарактеризовано проблеми реалізації стратегій розвитку територій.

Abstract. The problem of elaborating the comprehensive state policy on regulatory and legal provision of the financial security at all levels of economy is significantly important for Ukraine. It is crucial to ensure development and implementation of the legislative framework that would determine the types of internal and external threats to the stability of financial activity and the means of counteracting these threats; the full power and responsibility of state authorities concerning the financial and legal regulation aimed at warranting order in financial sphere; the mechanism of financial control organization as the means of preventing financial offences. The aim of the research is to outline the essence of new threats to the economic and financial security of the state under modern economic conditions and search for the required mechanisms and means of regulatory and legal provisioning of the financial security of Ukraine. In the course of research, the general scientific and theoretical methods have been applied. These include systemic analysis (for defining the object and the subject of research); abstract and logical method (for preparing the scientifically justified generalizations and conclusions about the essence, the mechanism of provisioning financial security of the state, and the factors that designate it); graphic method (for representing visually the mechanism of ensuring financial security of the state). The article introduces improvements to the list of modern internal and external threats to the financial and economic security of the state with respect to the immanent nature of the World Band and the International Monetary Fund. It has been emphasized that the new list of indicators and sources of initial information about the constituent components of financial security should be developed and approved because the current list was outlined in the end of 2013 and does not take into account modern realia. It is necessary to determine the functions of the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine in the realm of monitoring and regulating financial stability of the state, particularly in the real economy sector. It has been specified that scientific development of the range of problems related to the methodology and legal regulation of the state security provisioning, as well as the means and methods of preventing and mitigating the threats, is tightly connected with the development of macroprudential supervision and regulation under the aegis of the National Bank of Ukraine. The introduction of new indicators by the Bank (such as the level of non-performing loans, the financial stress index, and others) is the positive step. Nonetheless, the large quantity of private indicators interferes the process of elaborating the set of measures for financial and legal regulation of the financial security level. The new methodological approach to development of the integrated indicator of financial stability at the macro level has been suggested. The research results enable the possibility of improving the mechanism of state financial security and justifying the set of measures for its reinforcement. The review and improvement of the current legal framework in the area of financial and regulatory economic security, and development of the new integrated indicator of financial security level are necessary. Keywords: financial security; internal and external threats; legal mechanism of security provision, macroprudential regulation. JEL Classіfіcatіon: О12, Е59 Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 16. ; Анотація. Проблема створення цілісної державної політики нормативно-правового забезпечення фінансової безпеки на всіх рівнях економіки є надзвичайно актуальною для України. Існує доцільність розробки та впровадження законодавства, що визначало би види внутрішніх та зовнішніх загроз стабільності фінансової діяльності та засоби протидії цим загрозам; повноваження та відповідальність органів державної влади щодо фінансово-правового регулювання з метою забезпечення порядку у фінансовій сфері держави; механізм організації фінансового контролю як засобу попередження фінансових правопорушень. Мета дослідження — виявлення сутності нових загроз економіко-фінансовій безпеці держави в сучасних умовах господарювання, а також пошук необхідних механізмів та заходів нормативно-правового забезпечення фінансової безпеки України. У процесі виконання дослідження використано загальнонаукові теоретичні методи: системний аналіз — для з'ясування об'єкту та предмету дослідження; абстрактно-логічний метод — для здійснення науково-обґрунтованих узагальнень та висновків про сутність, механізм забезпечення фінансової безпеки держави та фактори, що її визначають; графічний метод — для наочного представлення механізму забезпечення фінансової безпеки держави. У статті удосконалено перелік сучасних внутрішніх та зовнішніх загроз фінансово-економічній безпеці держави з урахуванням іманентної сутності Світового банку та МВФ. Наголошено, що необхідно розробити та затвердити новий перелік індикаторів та джерел вхідної інформації за складовими фінансової безпеки, бо діючий перелік затверджено ще наприкінці 2013 року і не враховує сучасних реалій. Необхідно визначити функції Міністерства економіки України щодо моніторингу та регулювання фінансової стабільності держави, зокрема її реального сектору економіки. Встановлено, що наукова розробка низки проблем, що стосуються методології та правового регулювання забезпечення безпеки держави, а також заходів та методів попередження та нейтралізації загроз тісно стикається з розвитком макропруденційного нагляду та регулювання під егідою Національного банку України. Позитивним є запровадження банком нових індикаторів (рівень непрацюючих кредитів, індекс фінансового стресу та ін.). Проте велика кількість приватних індикаторів заважає виробленню заходів з фінансово-правового регулювання рівня фінансової безпеки. Запропоновано новий методологічний підхід до розробки інтегрального показника фінансової стабільності на макрорівні. Результати дослідження дозволяють поліпшити механізм фінансової безпеки держави та обґрунтувати систему заходів стосовно її зміцнення. Перегляд та удосконалення чинної правової бази в галузі фінансово-нормативної економічної безпеки, розробка нового інтегрального показника рівня фінансової безпеки. Ключові слова: фінансова безпека; внутрішні та зовнішні загрози; правовий механізм забезпечення безпеки, макропруденційне регулювання. JEL Classіfіcatіon О12, Е59 Формул: 0; рис.: 2; табл.: 1; бібл.: 16.

Polybromierte Flammschutzmittel (PBFSM) umfassen strukturell verschiedene Verbindungen, die zur Reduzierung der Entflammbarkeit von Polymeren eingesetzt werden. Aufgrund ihrer globalen Verteilung, möglichen Persistenz, Bioakkumulation und Toxizität sind frühere Vertreter der PBFSM u. a. in der Europäischen Union teilweise verboten oder eingeschränkt nutzbar. Daher wurden die Verbindungen z. T. durch andere PBFSM ersetzt, wobei diese 2012 von der Europäischen Behörde für Lebensmittelsicherheit in sog. aufkommende (emerging) und neue (novel) Verbindungen kategorisiert wurden. Bedingt durch ähnliche Eigenschaften kann von diesen neuen Verbindungen und deren Abbau- und Transformationsprodukten ebenfalls ein Risiko für die menschliche Gesundheit und die Umwelt ausgehen. Aufgrund der begrenzten Datenlage bezüglich Vorkommen und Umweltverhalten wurden zwei triazin-basierte heterozyklische Vertreter ausgewählt, um das Abbau- und Transformationsverhalten näher zu untersuchen. Ein Fokus dieser Arbeit lag in der Entwicklung und Validierung eines zuverlässigen und empfindlichen HPLC-MS/MS-basierten Analyseverfahrens für die quantitative Bestimmung jeweils eines triazin-basierten emerging (1,3,5-Tris(2,3-dibrompropyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trion (TDBP-TAZTO)) und eines novel (2,4,6-Tris(2,4,6-tribromphenoxy)-s-triazin (TTBP-TAZ)) PBFSM in verschiedenen Umweltmatrices. Hierfür wurden verschiedene Extraktionsverfahren (beschleunigte Lösemittel-, Fest-Flüssig-, Ultraschall- und Soxhlet-Extraktion) sowie diverse Clean-up-Verfahren (Florisil®, Gelpermeations-chromatografie, Multilayer-Kieselgel-Säulen) für Fisch- und Sedimentproben auf ihre Eignung getestet. Die beschleunigte Lösemittelextraktion mit Toluol als Extraktionsmittel erzielte die höchsten mittleren Wiederfindungen für TDBP-TAZTO und TTBP-TAZ zwischen 97 – 105 % in Sediment und 103 – 114 % in Fisch. Die Nachweisgrenzen lagen im Bereich von 0,4 – 10 µg kg-1 in Sediment und von 7 – 22 µg kg-1 in Fischproben. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es zudem erstmalig ein Verständnis über dessen Transformationspfade und Metabolismus mittels verschiedenen Simulationstechniken (in vitro, thermisch, photochemisch, elektrochemisch) zu entwickeln und anschließend die erhaltenen Ergebnisse bezüglich gebildeter Transformationsprodukte sowie Abbaureaktionen miteinander zu vergleichen. Die Struktur der erhaltenen Abbau- und Transformationsprodukte wurden auf Grundlage von HPLC-MS/(MS), HPLC-DAD sowie HRMS Messungen postuliert und diese schließlich mittels NMR, XRD und IR Spektroskopie teilweise strukturell bestätigt. Zunächst wurden in vitro Versuche auf der Basis von mikrosomalen Ansätzen (Ratte/Fisch/Mensch- Lebermikrosomen) durchgeführt, um Aussagen über die metabolische Umsetzung der Verbindungen treffen zu können und mögliche Metabolite anschließend zu identifizieren. Aufgrund der hohen Lipophilie sowie der zu geringen Konzentrationen für eine massenspektrometrische Detektion dieser Verbindungen konnten keine Metabolite nachgewiesen werden. Des Weiteren wurden oxidative und reduktive Abbauprozesse anhand der Kopplung einer elektrochemischen Zelle mit massenspektrometrischer Detektion (EC/MS) simuliert. Dabei konnten als Haupttransformationswege die Debromierung, Hydroxylierung und/ oder Dehydrobromierung für beide Verbindungen nachgewiesen werden. Vergleichend wurden weiterhin thermisch sowie UV-induzierte Experimente (UV-(A), UV-(C)) in Modellsystemen durchgeführt. Hierbei konnten für TDBP-TAZTO ebenfalls Debromierungs-, Hydroxylierungs- sowie Dehydrobromierungsreaktionen nachgewiesen werden. Im Fall von TTBP-TAZ konnte die sequenzielle Debromierung sowie zusätzlich die UV-induzierte Photo-Fries-Umlagerung für ein PBFSM bestätigt werden. Zusammenfassend konnten anhand dieser Untersuchungen erstmalig Transformations-produkte von TDBP-TATZO und TTBP-TAZ beschrieben werden, wobei die daraus resultierenden Erkenntnisse ein Verständnis zur Aufklärung des Abbau- und Transformationsverhalten liefern ; Polybrominated flame retardants (BFRs) comprise structurally diverse compounds that are used to reduce the flammability of polymers. Due to their global distribution, possible persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity, representatives of the first generation BFRs are partially banned or restricted in the European Union. Therefore, the compounds have been partly replaced by other BFRs, whereby these were categorized by the European Food Safety Authority in 2012 as so-called emerging and novel compounds. On the basis of similar properties, these new compounds and their degradation and transformation products may also pose a risk to human health and the environment. Due to the limited data available on occurrence and environmental fate, two triazine-based heterocyclic representatives were selected to investigate the degradation and transformation behavior in more detail. A major focus of this work was the development and validation of a reliable and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS based analytical method for the quantitative determination of one triazine-based emerging (1,3,5-tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione (TDBP-TAZTO)) and novel (2,4,6-tris(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-s-triazine (TTBP-TAZ)) BFR in various environmental matrices. For this purpose, different extraction methods (accelerated solvent, solid-liquid, ultrasonic-assissted and Soxhlet extraction) as well as various clean-up methods (Florisil®, gel permeation chromatography, multilayer silica gel columns) for fish and sediment samples were tested for their suitability. Accelerated solvent extraction with toluene as extraction agent achieved the highest average recoveries for TDBP-TAZTO and TTBP-TAZ between 97 – 105 % in sediment and 103 – 114 % in fish. The limits of quantification were in the range of 04 – 10 µg kg-1 in sediment and 7 – 22 µg kg-1 in fish samples. The aim of this work was also to get a first understanding of its transformation pathways and metabolism of TDBP-TAZTO and TTBP-TAZ using different simulation techniques (in vitro, thermal, photochemical, electrochemical). Afterwards, the results obtained with respect to formed transformation products and degradation reactions were compared. The structure of the obtained degradation and transformation products was postulated on the basis of HPLC-MS/(MS), HPLC-DAD and HRMS measurements and finally structurally confirmed by NMR, XRD and IR spectroscopy. Initially, in vitro experiments based on microsomal approaches (rat/fish/human/liver microsomes) were carried out in order to be able to make statements about the metabolic conversion of the compounds and subsequently identify possible metabolites. Due to the high lipophilicity and the too low concentrations for mass spectrometric detection of these compounds, no metabolites could be observed. Furthermore, oxidative and reductive degradation processes were simulated by coupling an electrochemical cell with mass spectrometric detection (EC/MS). Debromination, hydroxylation as well as dehydrobromination could be detected as main transformation pathways for both compounds. Comparative thermally and UV-induced experiments (UV-(A), UV-(C)) were carried out in model systems. For TDBP-TAZTO, debromination, hydroxylation and dehydrobromination reactions were also detected. In the case of TTBP-TAZ the sequential debromination and the UV-induced Photo-Fries rearrangement could be confirmed for the first time for a BFR. In summary, transformation products of TDBP-TATZO and TTBP-TAZ could be described for the first time on the basis of these investigations, whereby the resulting findings provide an understanding for clarifying the degradation and transformation behaviour.

Introduction. The emergence of social, political and economic processes in the modern world leads to the development of innovative educational technologies, among which the researchers' attention is drawn to a professional brand-building foresight technology. The professional brand-building foresight technology is a system of principles, methods and techniques for expert analysis of current achievements of students, young professionals and anyone who seeks self-improvement. Moreover, this training technology includes the development of programmes to optimise the professional and personal self-development of an individual in terms of his/her possible career growth.The aim of the current research was to justify the professional brand-building foresight technology developed by the authors, and to check the effectiveness of its application in the formation of brand-building and foresight competencies in a future specialist in the educational process of higher education.Methodology and research methods. The theoretical and methodological strategy in the study is a competency-based approach, which contributes to the formation of brand-building and foresight competencies. The conceptual provisions of the foresight approach, implemented in a complex of brand-forming tools of a single foresight trajectory in order to model and design a professional brand in relation to the strategic goals of a future specialist, became a practice-oriented research tactic. The authors used the following general scientific and specific scientific methods: questionnaire survey based on random systematic (mechanical) sampling, in-depth interview, expert survey, document analysis, self-assessment of readiness for personal brand-building.Results. The authors presented the professional brand-building foresight technology, the essence of which lies in the design of a professional brand and future career path. Its structure includes four programmes: self-marketing, personal branding, brand-building case and a road map to success. As a result of training, brand-building and foresight competencies are developed. The approbation experiment demonstrated that without special brand-building and foresight training of students, these competencies are formed spontaneously. Based on the results of the conducted surveys, the authors analysed the level of formation of brand-building and foresight competencies and the interest in the technology of personal brand-building as a factor of career self-development. A survey of university graduates revealed the dependence of employment on special teaching methods and the professional brand-building foresight technology. The interviews held with Russian and Latvian teachers determined the effectiveness of this technology. The study of the employers' opinions showed the reasons that hinder the successful employment of young specialists. In addition, the authors revealed a lack of knowledge and a non-systematic limited nature of teaching these competencies in universities.Scientific novelty lies in the replenishment of interdisciplinary (at the intersection of pedagogy, brand building, forecasting, professional studies) scientific knowledge about foresight methodology. The emphasis is on the innovativeness of the professional brand-building foresight technology, which contributes to the competitiveness of university graduates and increases their chances of professional success.Practical significance. The results of the research can be useful for developing ideas about brand-building and foresight competencies development, personal brand-building, professional brand-building foresighting. The research materials can be employed by students and teachers of higher education institutions, heads of educational systems in the organisation of the educational process, as well as by various specialists and practitioners. ; Введение. Эмерджентность социальных, политических и экономических процессов в современном мире обуславливает разработку инновационных образовательных технологий, среди которых пристальное внимание исследователей привлекает образовательный имидж-форсайт. Эта обучающая технология представляет собой систему принципов, методов и методик экспертного анализа текущих достижений студента, молодого специалиста и вообще любого, кто стремится к самосовершенствованию, и разработку на основе результатов их анализа программы оптимизации профессионального и личностного саморазвития индивида с точки зрения его возможного карьерного роста.Цель настоящей работы – обосновать авторскую технологию образовательного имидж-форсайта и проверить эффективность ее применения в формировании имиджелогической и форсайт-компетенций у будущего специалиста в учебном процессе высшей школы.Методология и методы. Теоретико-методологической стратегией в исследовании выбран компетентностный подход, способствующий формированию имиджелогической и форсайт-компетенций. Практико-ориентированной тактикой исследования стали концептуальные положения форсайтного подхода, реализуемого в комплексе имиджеформирующих инструментов единой форсайт-траектории с целью моделирования и проектирования профессионального имиджа относительно стратегических целей будущего специалиста. Использовались общенаучные и частнонаучные методы: анкетный опрос по случайной систематической (механической) выборке, экспертный опрос, интервью, анализ документов, самооценка удовлетворенности по обучению самоимиджированию.Результаты исследования. Представлена авторская технология образовательного имидж-форсайта, суть которой состоит в проектировании профессионального имиджа и будущей карьеры. В ее структуру входят четыре программы: самомаркетинг, самобрендинг, имидж-кейс и дорожная карта успеха. В результате обучения формируются имиджелогическая и форсайт-компетенции. Апробационный эксперимент показал, что без специальной имиджевой и форсайтинговой подготовки студентов эти компетенции формируются стихийно. На основе результатов проведенных опросов проанализированы уровень сформированности имиджелогической и форсайт-компетенции, интерес к технологии самопроектирования имиджа как фактора карьерного саморазвития. Опрос выпускников выявил зависимость трудоустройства от специальных обучающих методов и образовательного имидж-форсайта. Интервьюирование российских и латвийских преподавателей определило эффективность применения этой технологии. Изучение мнения работодателей показало причины, мешающие успешному трудоустройству молодых специалистов. Вместе с тем выявлена недостаточность знаний и несистематический ограниченный характер обучения этим компетенциям в вузах.Научная новизна заключается в пополнении междисциплинарного (на стыке педагогики, имиджелогии, прогнозирования, профессиоведения) научного знания о форсайт-методологии. Акцент делается на инновационности технологии образовательного имидж-форсайта, которая способствует конкурентоспособности выпускников и повышает их шансы на профессиональный успех.Практическая значимость. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть полезны для развития представлений о формировании имиджелогической и форсайт-компетенций, самоимиджировании, формировании персонального бренда, образовательном имидж-форсайтинге. Материалы исследования могут быть применены студентами и преподавателями вузов, руководителями образовательных систем при организации учебного процесса, а также специалистами-практиками.