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The NIF Registry developed and maintained by the Neuroscience Information Framework is a cooperative project aimed at cataloging research resources, e.g., software tools, databases and tissue banks, funded largely by governments and available as tools to research scientists. Although originally conceived for neuroscience, the NIF Registry has over the years broadened in the scope to include research resources of general relevance to biomedical research. The current number of research resources listed by the Registry numbers over 13K. The broadening in scope to biomedical science led us to re-christen the NIF Registry platform as SciCrunch. The NIF/SciCrunch Registry has been cataloging the resource landscape since 2006; as such, it serves as a valuable dataset for tracking the breadth, fate and utilization of these resources. Our experience shows research resources like databases are dynamic objects, that can change location and scope over time. Although each record is entered manually and human-curated, the current size of the registry requires tools that can aid in curation efforts to keep content up to date, including when and where such resources are used. To address this challenge, we have developed an open source tool suite, collectively termed RDW: Resource Disambiguator for the (Web). RDW is designed to help in the upkeep and curation of the registry as well as in enhancing the content of the registry by automated extraction of resource candidates from the literature. The RDW toolkit includes a URL extractor from papers, resource candidate screen, resource URL change tracker, resource content change tracker. Curators access these tools via a web based user interface. Several strategies are used to optimize these tools, including supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms as well as statistical text analysis. The complete tool suite is used to enhance and maintain the resource registry as well as track the usage of individual resources through an innovative literature citation index honed for research resources. Here we present an overview of the Registry and show how the RDW tools are used in curation and usage tracking.

Rongrong Zhang, Farhang Modaresi, Oleg Borisenko Synergus AB, Stockholm, Sweden Background: The objective of this study is to identify and review the methodological quality of health economic evaluations of medical devices performed in the People's Republic of China. To our knowledge, no such investigations have been performed to date. Methods: A systematic literature review involving searches of Medline, Medline In-Process, the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database, the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry of the Tufts Medical Center, and the Wanfang Database was performed. The search spanned the period from 1990 to 2013. Studies on health economic evaluations of medical devices, in-vitro diagnostics, procedures, and the use of medical devices in Chinese health care settings were included. Full-text articles and conference abstracts in English and Chinese were included. Results: Fifty-seven publications were included, 26 (46%) of which were in English and 31 (54%) of which were in Chinese. The included publications covered a wide range of clinical areas, such as surgery (n=23, 40%), screening (n=9, 16%), imaging use (n=6, 11%), kidney intervention (n=4, 7%), and nine other technological areas. Most of the studies (n=31, 54%) were cost analyses. Among the others, 13 (50%) studies used modeling, and another 13 (50%) were within-trial evaluations. Among studies that used modeling, eleven (85%) conducted sensitivity analyses, six of which had one-way sensitivity analysis, whereas one conducted both one-way and two-way sensitivity analyses; four of these eleven modeling-based analyses included probabilistic sensitivity analyses. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was reported in ten (18%) studies, eight of which were screening studies. The remaining two modeling studies were in areas of imaging and oncology. Conclusion: This study indicates that there are major limitations and deficiencies in the health economic evaluations on medical devices performed in the People's Republic of China. Further efforts are required from different stakeholders – academic, governmental, and privatized – to improve health economic research capacity and to put it to use when informative decisions are made in the health care setting. Keywords: health economics, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–utility analysis, cost–consequences analysis, medical devices, People's Republic of China

The area of the Kurgan culture at the turn of the 1 st —2 nd millennia included the South-Eastern Ladoga area with the basins of the Syas, Tikhvinka, Voronezhka, Pasha, Kapsha, Oyat, Svir rivers; the region of the Onega Lake with the system of rivers Olonka, Tuloksa, Vidlitsa, and the northern coast of Lake Onega. Several generations of archaeologists have investigated more than 700 mounds; English, German, Czech, Byzantine, and Oriental coins, as well as unspecified Western European products and their fragments were found in 91 of them. Coins with riveted ears were used together with beads as neck decorations, coins with holes could be sewn on clothes. Weights, scales accompanied by swords, spears, battle axes were found in male burials, which indicates the high status of the buried ones and the attributes of a merchant-warrior profession. In most cases, coins are a reliable temporary indicator of burial, but first of all, the archaeological method of dating by leading categories of items should be used.

In the middle of the XIX century, an educational movement to renew society based on education and moral education begins in places where Tatars lived in compact numbers. Having adopted these ideas, writers looked for ways and means to bring their views to the masses. Rizaeddin Fakhreddin, who made a significant contribution to the development of the Tatar Renaissance, in the stories "Salima" and "Asma" refers to the events of reality and brings to the foreground an educated, idealized hero who acts in the interests of the people. The author considers changes in society in close connection with the fate of women. In the stories, Islamic values were depicted in close relationship with Russian-European achievements. The writer puts a moral, educated person to the Universe's center, in whose actions the author's religious-ethical, philosophical-aesthetic views are also expressed.

In this essay, four theses are developed to explain the invisibility of literature during the Chilean Popular Unity. These four theses approach literary production from different perspectives that form a critical constellation that weaves together works and readings from both historical and contemporary points of view. The first thesis proposes the invisibility of literary history during the Chilean UP. The second speculates that literary works may have failed to articulate the rapidly changing collective event of the Unidad Popular into a memorable work. The third argues that literature during the UP found itself cornered between the mass media and the emergence of the popular. The fourth thesis, on the other hand, points to the contemporary reading of these works: from the post-dictatorship - as a paradigm of political, social and cultural interpretation - which conceives of the UP project on the basis of the failure of the left and the mourning of dictatorial violence, it is incapable of reading literature during the UP as a valuable, interesting and complex object. ; En este ensayo se elaboran cuatro tesis para explicar la invisibilidad que ha tenido la literatura durante la Unidad Popular chilena. Estas cuatro tesis abordan la producción literaria desde distintas perspectivas que forman una constelación crítica que trenzan obras y lecturas desde un punto de vista tanto histórico como contemporáneo. La primera tesis propone la invisibilidad durante la UP chilena para la historia literaria. La segunda especula que las obras literarias quizás no lograron articular el rápido y cambiante acontecimiento colectivo de la Unidad Popular en una obra memorable. La tercera sostiene que la literatura durante la UP se encuentra arrinconada entre los medios masivos y la emergencia de lo popular. La cuarta tesis apunta, en cambio, a la lectura contemporánea de estas obras: desde la post-dictadura -como paradigma de interpretación político, social y cultural- que concibe el proyecto de la UP a partir del fracaso de la izquierda y del duelo de la violencia dictatorial es incapaz de leer la literatura durante la UP como objeto valioso, interesante y complejo.

The challenge for contemporary literary scholars comes down to the question of how useful a cultural product is in describing and configuring the contemporary cultural scene, for example, the impact of literature, film, and TV in the globalizing era. Many scholars, in order to capture this diversified post-socialist cultural phenomenon, explore as many genres of art as they can in their research. However, identifying the common feature of post-socialist diversity in China still remains a question without answer. My research focuses on the theme of youth narratives in order to provide a solid and concrete perspective to assess contemporary Chinese culture and society.My research is motivated by a cultural phenomenon that I observe in contemporary China, namely the prevalence of youth narratives in fiction, film, and popular culture. The youth narrative has been frequently intertwined with China's pursuit of modernity and its nation-building projects under different political and cultural ideologies. My research traces the emergence and evolution of youth narratives in modern Chinese literature and then delves into various recurring themes and motifs about youth in literature, film, and TV from the 1990s to 2010, to discuss the cultural, social and political significances of youth narratives in contemporary China in order to capture common and critical features of diverse post-socialist status and engage with the furious debate on post-socialism and globalization in the Chinese context. What is more, my study reveals conflict between elitist state discourse and civil discourse implied by youth narratives from the 1990s to the present. This period provides rich textual and visual materials that showcases the most heatedly-discussed phenomena in China and resonates with classic dilemmas and ambivalences of Chinese modernity. Moreover, each of these phenomena relates to drastic economic change and social transition during the contemporary period. In a nutshell, these texts do not only reflect the moment but are also part of the moment. Hence, my research of contemporary Chinese culture links the past, present, and future; and is located at the intersection of historical and cultural studies, providing both diachronic and synchronic visions of key issues such as modernity, nationalism, and globalization.

The idea of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is very developed lately. However, many people do not understand what, why and how ESD is. Therefore, the current article discusses obvious issue as an area for attention and related to ESD, why ESD should be, and how ESD is implemented in education, especially in science education, as well as efforts that can be made to make the implementation of ESD successful. This research is included in the parameters of the content analysis theme. This research-based paper uses literature review from various journals, articles and other text books. ESD is a new approach in the world of education. ESD consists of three dimensions, economic, social and environmental. ESD is incredibly important to apply in science learning for the success of the SDGs. There are several notable elements in the implementation of ESD in science in Indonesia, namely the government (P4TK IPA), Professional Associations such as the Indonesian Science Educators Association, Science Subject Teachers' Conferences, and Communities in the midst of society.Keywords: education for sustainable development (ESD), sustainable development goals (SDGs)

International audience ; Background: Healthcare systems worldwide adapt to patients' needs and expectations, following social evolutions. Pharmaceutical practice has shifted towards activities such as therapeutic education. Such new missions require to prioritize human and social sciences, which now play a predominant role in training. Objective: This work consists of assessing the contribution of human and social sciences to the field of pharmacy, with a twofold focus on practice and training. Method: A literature review was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines focusing on the last 10 years. Selected full texts were read and analyzed to elicit the contribution of human and social sciences to pharmacy. Results: Overall 36 articles were included. Three specific topics were identified during an inductive process of full text analysis: public health policy, patient care, and interprofessional collaboration. Conclusions: Although human and social sciences are essential to the evolution of the pharmacist profession, their impact on health care costs remains difficult to evaluate. Moreover, teaching human and social sciences can prove difficult to standardize. Such approaches must be supported and organized by governments and universities with a view of upscaling practices.

International audience ; Background: Healthcare systems worldwide adapt to patients' needs and expectations, following social evolutions. Pharmaceutical practice has shifted towards activities such as therapeutic education. Such new missions require to prioritize human and social sciences, which now play a predominant role in training. Objective: This work consists of assessing the contribution of human and social sciences to the field of pharmacy, with a twofold focus on practice and training. Method: A literature review was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines focusing on the last 10 years. Selected full texts were read and analyzed to elicit the contribution of human and social sciences to pharmacy. Results: Overall 36 articles were included. Three specific topics were identified during an inductive process of full text analysis: public health policy, patient care, and interprofessional collaboration. Conclusions: Although human and social sciences are essential to the evolution of the pharmacist profession, their impact on health care costs remains difficult to evaluate. Moreover, teaching human and social sciences can prove difficult to standardize. Such approaches must be supported and organized by governments and universities with a view of upscaling practices.

Background: Healthcare systems worldwide adapt to patients' needs and expectations, following social evolutions. Pharmaceutical practice has shifted towards activities such as therapeutic education. Such new missions require to prioritize human and social sciences, which now play a predominant role in training. Objective: This work consists of assessing the contribution of human and social sciences to the field of pharmacy, with a twofold focus on practice and training. Method: A literature review was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines focusing on the last 10 years. Selected full texts were read and analyzed to elicit the contribution of human and social sciences to pharmacy. Results: Overall 36 articles were included. Three specific topics were identified during an inductive process of full text analysis: public health policy, patient care, and interprofessional collaboration. Conclusions: Although human and social sciences are essential to the evolution of the pharmacist profession, their impact on health care costs remains difficult to evaluate. Moreover, teaching human and social sciences can prove difficult to standardize. Such approaches must be supported and organized by governments and universities with a view of upscaling practices.

A number of commentators have argued that up until now marine/maritime spatial planning (MSP) research and practice have been dominated by blue economy and environmental concerns and have tended to neglect what might be regarded as social sustainability concerns. To gain more insight into the character and extent of such a gap, as well as how to address it, this article examines how social sustainability has been addressed in peer reviewed scientific articles on MSP between 2005 and 2020. Using search terms such as participation, democracy, social inclusion, social cohesion, equity we systematically identify and review 310 scientific articles that address diverse social sustainability concerns within MSP and marine governance. The review showed that very few papers systematically conceptualised or developed a coherent framework for engaging with social sustainability. Instead, they mostly addressed particular social concerns including participation and engagement, equity and social justice, socio-cultural values and preferences. Marine management and planning efficiency, as well as related instrumental framings of the merits of participation were the key arguments for including these dimensions of social sustainability in MSP. In terms of how to better include social sustainability in MSP, most attention was given to social-cultural mapping and ways to improve social inclusion/participation while also redressing exclusion and maldistribution of outcomes in MSP practice. We conclude that there is a need to deepen and diversify MSP inquiry with respect to social sustainability. In particular, scholars would do well to delve deeper and more broadly in social science literature to find inspiration on ways to understand and elucidate social issues. Here, the enormous body of relevant work on justice, power, critical institutionalism, political ecology and terrestrial planning literatures has hardly been tapped. It is also evident from this review that there is a need for both the academic and practice-based communities to more comprehensively address how the multidimensions of social sustainability interact with each other, as well as with economic and environmental aspects of marine planning and governance. Based on these observations, we highlight a set of suggestions on how to develop MSP research and practice on social sustainability. Most importantly, we argue that more in-depth co-production, linking scholars, practitioners and society actors, is needed.