Suchergebnisse

The reform of external relations was a source of discord within the Convention. It is true that the agreement in principle was reached on an old objective: the affirmation of the Union's identity on the international stage, which calls for greater visibility, coherence, effectiveness and democratisation of its action. But the sovereignty issues underlying trade with third parties, development cooperation, humanitarian aid and the external dimension of the various internal policies, not to mention the common foreign and security policy, have given rise to numerous confrontations between advocates of the diplomatic method and promoters of a more integrated Europe. In these circumstances, a compromise was found. It reveals a mismatch between new, potentially successful institutional tools and the unbold arrangement of skills and procedures. ; International audience ; The reform of external relations was a source of discord within the Convention. It is true that the agreement in principle was reached on an old objective: the affirmation of the Union's identity on the international stage, which calls for greater visibility, coherence, effectiveness and democratisation of its action. But the sovereignty issues underlying trade with third parties, development cooperation, humanitarian aid and the external dimension of the various internal policies, not to mention the common foreign and security policy, have given rise to numerous confrontations between advocates of the diplomatic method and promoters of a more integrated Europe. In these circumstances, a compromise was found. It reveals a mismatch between new, potentially successful institutional tools and the unbold arrangement of skills and procedures. ; La réforme des relations extérieures a constitué une pomme de discorde au sein de la Convention. Certes, l'accord de principe fut acquis sur un vieil objectif : l'affirmation de l'identité de l'Union sur la scène internationale, qui appelle une visibilité, une cohérence, une efficacité et une démocratisation accrue ...

This work aims to present the recent changes and the current trends of Brazilian Private International Law in the area of international contracts with especial focus on the enforcement of Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG) in Brazilian legal order. Historically, the recognition of party autonomy in Private International Law has not been uniformily recognized. While since 1996, with the enforcement of the new Arbitration Law, party autonomy has been increasingly accepted in terms of international arbitration, jurisprudence on the choice of law and the choice of court clauses does not show the same progress. In fact, despite of important documents which have already been signed by the government, Brazilian Private International Law of Contracts still dates from 1942. Such contrast with internal material law represents a challenge for the full recognition of Party Autonmy in Brazilian Private International Law.

In a previous paper the authors reported the results of a small scale survey of British managers responsible for international physical distribution (the conventionally titled shipping manager). Their paper concentrated on examining the organisational relationships used by the respondents' companies and demonstrated that the shipping manager frequently has a wide span of control and that his function appears to have no dominant association with any one traditional line management function.