Suchergebnisse

It is not surprising that international crises have become a subject of intensive study in the nuclear age. The example of Sarajevo stands as an awesome warning of the repercussions which can flow from an apparently minor incident. The Cuban missile crisis seemed for a time to suggest guidelines by which crises could be successfully 'managed', but the dangers of generalizing from an optimistic reading of that unique case have come to be widely appreciated.

This Handbook is an authoritative and invaluable reference tool, uniquely analysing the forces governing unionism, union behaviour and union impact from a variety of perspectives, both theoretical and empirical. The 14 chapters are written in an accessible style by acknowledged leading specialists from the fields of economics and industrial relations. They offer a truly international perspective on this important subject

The article addresses the specific features of professional language training of international students in the multicultural environment of a Russian university teaching students of international relations. After a brief historical survey of teaching foreign students in the universities of Russia, the writer considers the factors that influence the choice of universities graduating specialists in international relations by foreign students. The author goes on to analyze the specifics of linguisticand socio-cultural environment in Russian universities and its impact on international students stressing the fact that the educational environment at MGIMO-University is multilingual and multicultural. That explains the relevance of studying the quality of professional language training of foreign students in the sphere of international relations. The language of teaching in most universities of the Russian Federation is Russian, besides, all MGIMO students are obliged to learn English either as their first or second foreign language, that is why international students have to study in a tri-lingual environment and the interfering influence of several cultures. The writer points out that under such circumstances it is necessary for future IR specialists to build a number of professionally relevant competences: linguistic, socio-cultural, communicative, and suggests educational technologies that have proved to be effective in building them: case-study, role-plays, etc. The article gives special attention to the place and role of translation in teaching English as translation is a system of encoding within the system of two language systems. Translating phrases from Russian into English the student does 'inner', mental translation using the mother tongue. That makes the author suggest using the students'mother tongues in the teaching process. While learning foreign languages, international students should, along with language material, study the system of values of a different country thus preparing themselves for cross-cultural communication in the professional international community.

Renewed interest in international institutions makes clear the need for a better theory of institutional possibilities. Friedrich Hayek held that institutions are either designed, though badly, or emerge spontaneously, and providently, as an unintended consequence of agents' self-interested choices. Hayek's historical sketch misses a third set of possibilities reflecting the claim that agents make institutions in keeping with nature's design or, as we say today, make them on some occasions to suit large social purposes. The English School treats institutions as spontaneous developments. Liberal scholars in the US start with the rationalist position that agents design institutions as they see fit, but end up closer to the view that institutions constitute a purposive whole.

Der politischen Klugheit, so der Verfasser, kommt in den Analysen von Christian Hacke besondere Bedeutsamkeit zu. Sie bildet sich aus historischer Erfahrung, vermittelt durch die politischen, historischen und strategischen Wissenschaften und übertragen auf die jeweils gegenwärtige Situation. Sie bedeutet historisch angeleitetes Urteilsvermögen und einen über die Gegenwart hinaus gerichteten Blick auf die Staatsraison. Sie liegt den strategischen Planungen zugrunde, wie diese in ihr auch den jeweils konkreten historischen Ausdruck finden, der nicht nur den angestrebten, sondern auch den in der jeweiligen Umwelt politisch möglichen und dementsprechend angemessenen Standort eines Staates beschreibt. Die Schlussfolgerung, dass es außerhalb der menschlichen Handlungsmöglichkeiten liegt, der "Unsicherheit der Geschichte" zu entgehen und "sich eine dauerhaft sein Glück befriedigende Gesellschaftsverfassung" zu geben, gilt für die außenpolitischen Herausforderungen ganz besonders, seit Transnationalisierungs- und Globalisierungsprozesse die Gesellschaften in einem hohen Maß miteinander verbunden haben. Von den Folgen dieser Prozesse und der parallel durch Internationalisierungsmaßnahmen angestrebten Kontrolle der international handlungsfähigen Staaten bleiben auch diejenigen Gesellschaften nicht verschont, in denen meinungsprägend die Ansicht vorzufinden ist, sich durch einen postpolitischen Diskurs den Wirkungen der Politik entziehen zu können. (ICF2)