Suchergebnisse

The predictive accuracy of STABLE-2000 and STABLE-2007 was examined within a prospective research design in a German-speaking sample of 263 adult male prison-released sexual offenders followed up for an average of 6.4 years. The STABLE-2007 was significantly related to all outcomes (AUC = 0.67-0.71), whereas the STABLE-2000 demonstrated only weak predictive accuracy for sexual reoffense (AUC = 0.62). Supporting the results of the construction sample, the STABLE-2007 incrementally added to the predictive accuracy of the STATIC-99 for violent and general reoffense (conviction and incarceration). Moreover, the STABLE-2007 total scores and the nominal risk/need categories made significant incremental contributions over the SORAG for predicting sexual reoffense.

The present study examines the associations between coping efforts and psychological (internalizing and externalizing symptoms) and behavioral adjustment in a sample of 373 male juvenile offenders (ages 14–17) during the first month of incarceration. Social support seeking was associated with a more rapid decline in internalizing symptoms and lower levels of externalizing symptoms. Acceptance had a stress‐buffering effect with regard to internalizing symptoms, whereas denial predicted higher levels of these symptoms. The only coping variable related to violent behavior was active coping, which was associated with lower rates of violent offending among youth with any violent incidents. The importance of fostering coping skills and increasing positive coping options for incarcerated adolescents is discussed.

African American economists and related social scientists have an indispensible role to play in providing culturally-informed insight into the role of economic disadvantage in the current crisis in African American health, incarceration, wealth, housing, and education. The African American Economic Summit co-sponsored by the Institute of African American Research at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Research Network on Racial and Ethnic Inequality at Duke University brought together over 30 experts who provided insights into the roots of the current economic status of African Americans, its broad impact on the quality of African American life, and possible remedial solutions. This volume reports on the deliberations in this first Summit.

This paper exploits the collective pardon granted to individuals incarcerated in French prisons on the 14th of July, 1996 (Bastille Day) to identify the effect of collective sentence reductions on recidivism. The collective pardon generated a very significant discontinuity in the relationship between the number of weeks of sentence reduction granted to inmates and their prospective date of release. We show that the same discontinuity exists in the relationship between recidivism probability five years after the release and prospective date of release. Overall, the Bastille Day quasi experiment suggests that collective sentence reductions increase recidivism and do not represent a cost-effective way to reduce incarceration rates or prisons' overcrowding.

Abstract: Our 'carceral society' often conspires to effect a continuum of punishments far beyond that needed to extinguish 'behaviour and bring about attitude change' in offenders (Hudson 1993, p.32). Recent jurisprudence on family life during incarceration has inverted the concept of the right, framing it as 'earned privilege' and linking it to subjective notions of good behaviour.1 This has created a sub‐category of the right, also diminishing its normative status. In many of the judgments referred to, judicial concern for public opinion seems to sideline the need to promote family life. This applies equally to Northern Ireland jurisprudence and to the international case‐law to which domestic judiciaries look for guidance.

Estimates of HIV and hepatitis rates in correctional populations are 8 to 10 times higher than in the general population, the result of risky drug-using and sexual behaviors prior to incarceration. Many offenders resume these risk behaviors after release from the institution, attempting to "make up for lost time." Thus, reentry is a pivotal period for prevention, yet effective programs for offenders in transitional correctional settings are lacking. Based on past research and with guidance from qualitative studies, a peer-facilitated, multimedia HIV and hepatitis protocol was developed to address risk reduction and barriers of concern to correctional populations. The rationale, theoretical underpinnings, and current study design are described.

Traditionalists regard crime to be associated with low self-esteem. A second body of literature suggests a rival hypothesis supporting a relationship between crime and high self-esteem. A multivariate model explored this nexus by examining the impact of demographic characteristics, criminal history, personality traits, and participation in prison programming on self-esteem levels of 134 inmates in two medium-security prisons. Results support the relationship between crime and low self-esteem, with state-raised convicts reporting lower self-esteem levels. In addition, inmates who are emotionally stable, who are less open to novel experiences, and who have participated in counseling or education during incarceration manifest higher self-esteem.

When the Gates Open describes the emergence ofReady4Work, a 17-site, national prisoner reentry initiative developed by P/PV. The report outlines the project's basic goals and design and examines how it is directly confronting the nation's reentry crisis by drawing on local faith- and community-based organizations to provide job training, mentoring, case management and job placement services.The report documents a rare partnership among the business, government, community and faith sectors, as they come together to confront alarmingly high incarceration and recidivism rates. It describes key start-up and implementation challenges and, using early outcomes data, touches on a number of promising practices for future reentry efforts.

Team Child is designed to provide civil legal representation for very troubled delinquent youth to improve their access to needed education programs, mental health services, and family services. Better provision of these services is intended to reduce delinquency and potentially avoid the long-term incarceration of these youth. This article uses an incidental truncation model to evaluate two Team Child programs in Florida. The authors find the programs not to be effective in reducing recidivism among the youth but to be effective in reducing the arrest rate of the recidivating juveniles. The results indicate a reduction of 11% to 23% of arrests after treatment for the Team Child group.

Researchers conducted a series of open-ended semistructured interviews with 25 incarcerated men and women who received substance abuse treatment while their children were being cared for by relatives. Research questions were developed on the basis of the gaps in knowledge identified in the available data on addicted incarcerated parents whose children are in kinship care. Respondents in this study were asked questions designed to explore issues such as parent–child bonding, relationships with caregivers, and the impact of drug abuse and incarceration on the family. Results of this study indicate that there is a need for a multidisciplinary, wraparound approach to designing services for affected parents, children, and caregivers.

This study examines contextual measures of childhood sexual abuse and their relationship to HIV/AIDS riskbehavior s using a sample of 1,198 newly admitted female prisoners in 1998-1999. Analyses revealed that sexually abused prisoners were more likely to have experienced childhood neglect, come from one-parent families, and had parents with drug and/or alcohol and psychiatric problems. Sexually abused women reportedly engaged in more high-riskdrug and sexual activities than nonabused counterparts. Additionally, inmates involved in risk-taking behaviors were more likely to have prior prison incarcerations. The findings suggest that prison-based programs are needed to assist women prisoners, especially those sexually abused as children.