Suchergebnisse

Book reviewed in this article:CHILLA BULBECK, Re‐orienting Western Feminisms: Women's Diversity in a Postcolonial World.RICHARD N. JULIANI, Building Little Italy: Philadelphia's Italians before Mass Migration.JOEL KUIPERS, Language, Identity, and Marginality in Indonesia: The Changing Nature of Ritual Speech on the Island of SumbaJOHN MACDONALD, The Arctic Sky: Inuit Astronomy, Star Lore, and LegendSTEPHANIE MOSER, Ancestral Images: The Iconography of Human OriginsDAVID RAYSIDE, On the Fringe, Gays and Lesbians in PoliticsRICHARD H. ROBBINS, Global Problems and the Culture of CapitalismSHERRY SAGGERS and DENNIS GRAY, Dealing with Alcohol. Indigenous Usage in Australia, New Zealand, and Canada.BRUCE ZIFF and PRATIMA V. RAO (eds.), Borrowed Power: Essays on Cultural Appropriation.

By juxtaposing Classic European and Mesoamerican mythohistories about court ship and family beginnings, it is possible to perceive how, at the same time, the Nahua (Aztec) "family" might be construed as a paradigm for empire. However, the Nahuatl language lacks a term for family, and therefore Western applications of the concept simply have no place in Nahua America. Instead, indigenous sociopolitical institutions must be appreciated in their own right. Thus, by exam ining the ancient histories by the Nahuas themselves, we discern how desire, gender complementarity, marriage, fertility, and children as aspects of household are also critical functions of Aztec religion and state.

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This article seeks to analyse the views held by indigenous people of one of the main symbols of national identity in Mexico: the mestizo. While great importance has been attached to the archetype of the mestizo, the opinions of indian peoples with regard to its appropriateness as a formula for integration have not been explored. The views collected and analysed in this article were provided by members of ethnic groups who have received a modern education. The article seeks to explore these responses in the context of the different theoretical approaches of modernisation and ethnicity as components in the contruction of nationhood.

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A typology comprising technocratic rationality versus political partisanship helps to identify several local government structures found in contemporary Mexico: political machines; autonomous‐indigenous; technocratic; and modernising party governments. Case study research in over a dozen municipalities for three principal parties suggest a trend towards increasing technocratic and more administratively efficient municipal government and changing patterns of partisanship. This arises from new pressures associated with electoral opening, political alternation, new government actors, growing urban development complexity, and from federal reforms offering greater local government autonomy. However, while improved administration and technocratic governance often leads to positive outcomes, they do not necessarily imply 'good government'.

The author portrays the indigenous populations who engage in subsistence digging of sites in Latin America both as a means of supporting themselves economically and as a way of connecting themselves to their past and their ancestors who left the buried remains as a type of gift to their descendants. The article is also critical of the mainstream archaeologists, who, according to the author, hide behind the veil of scientific objectivity. Finally, the author juxtaposes the varying competing interests, particularly against the backdrop of denial of basic human and economic rights in these regions, and poses the question, to whom should these cultural remains belong?

New Spain was a land of opportunity for the missionary as well as the conquistador. The controversial proposal to found a convent for women of the indigenous elite illuminates the redefinition of notions of gender and race. Examining testimonies on this question written by priests, this article charts how they transform material that would normally have been presented as hagiography into narratives of a more general nature, and argues that this rhetorical shift contributed to a kind of writing on the Indies which not only shared the comparative and epistemological stakes of ethnography but also considered issues of gender.

Reports on an international symposium, "Social Sciences and AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) in Africa," held Nov 1996 in Sali Portudal, Senegal. The conference brought together English- & French-speaking researchers & AIDS activists working in various sub-Saharan countries. Central themes included the relationship between the spread of AIDS & geographic mobility, demographic correlates of AIDS in Africa, the need for better social science research to inform prevention & treatment, the relationship between research & advocacy, the ethics of AIDS research, & indigenous interpretations of AIDS. It is concluded that such symposiums reinforce participants' sense of purpose & allow evaluation of methodologies & resource allocation. 18 References. E. Blackwell

This article sets out to explore the historical development of educational provision in modem Algeria. It argues that despite the country's formal political independence, and despite the authorities' attempts to celebrate national identity, Algeria is still characterised by the wholesale adoption of European educational theories, policies and practices, even though these fail to connect with indigenous realities and needs. The article considers the tensions between fundamentalism on the one hand, and westernisation on the other, claiming that both positions fail to respond to the question of Algerian identity and to the development of an effective educational system that reflects that identity. ; peer-reviewed

Presents an overview of Mexican social anthropoligist Ricardo Pozas Arciniega's influence on sociological theory, methodology, focus, & practice in Mexico, 1942-present. Pozas's major books & social projects helped focus Mexican political science on the struggles of the indigenous rural workers throughout the country, particularly in the south. His ethnographic studies in Chiapas incorporated new methods of analysis that examined structural cause & the dynamics between a people & their environment. His involvement with the construction of a terrace farming system in Chiapas illustrates his goals of creating a work environment that produces not only the project itself, but health, education, shelter, & other needs for the population involved. D. Bajo

THOUGH MANY CRITICS HAVE SUGGESTED THAT THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT (UNCED) WAS A FAILURE, THIS ARTICLE CONTENDS THAT AT LEAST FIVE POSITIVE DEVELOPMENTS RESULTED FROM UNCED AND FROM RIO'S EARTH SUMMIT. SOME OF THESE DEVELOPMENTS INCLUDE INSTITUTIONAL REFORM AND ADJUSTMENT, A SUBSTANTIAL OPENING OF THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM TO INCREASED PARTICIPATION BY NON-GOVERNMENTAL SOCIAL ACTORS, AND AN ALTERED PERCEPTION OF DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES. THE ARTICLE ALSO FINDS FAULT WITH THE POPULAR IDEA THAT UNTIL RECENTLY INDIGENOUS PEOPLES LIVED IN BLISSFUL HARMONY WITH THE NATURAL WORLD, AND ONLY WITH "MODERNITY" HAVE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS BEEN PREVALENT.

The "indigenization debate" has been a major theme of discourse in Zimbabwe for some time. Even Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe, has increased his rhetorical attacks on multinationals and white business. The author examines the debate paying attention to the desire of the emerging nationalist intellectual elite for upward mobility during the formative years of nationalist politics in Southern Rhodesia in the 1950s. He describes the demands for greater African participation in ownership of the economy after independence of Zimbabwe in 1980, the emergence of indigenous business lobbies, reactions of the World Bank and the unions to the indigenization debate etc. (DÜI-Sen)

Those opposed to the language of group rights focus on what they perceive to be a new & dangerous trend that threatens to treat individuals as mere carriers of group identity & subordinate individual freedom to group claims. But as the consistent historical demands of the indigenous people of North America clearly demonstrate, the issue of group rights is an enduring one & related language can help strengthen human rights by responding to potential injustices that the traditional individual rights doctrine has failed to address. How liberal democracies might differentiate among good, bad, & intolerable group rights is also considered. M. Maguire

Three major challenges facing the communication & development field are discussed: (1) the reinvention & expansion of the modernization paradigm under the rubrics of globalization, free markets, & the information revolution; (2) the revitalization of grassroots movements & indigenous communication modes & the integration of traditional channels of media into modern information technologies; & (3) the increasing knowledge that development is not just a Third World problem, but a global one that requires new methodologies for study & analysis. The need to shift from viewing communication & development as two separate yet complementary & necessary phenomena to viewing them as a unified concept is stressed. D. Generoli

THE AUTHOR NOTES THAT WHILE MUSLIMS ARE AS NUMEROUS AS JEWS IN THE UNITED STATES, THEY WIELD ONLY A FRACTION OF THE INFLUENCE ON POLITICS, SPECIFICALLY ON FOREIGN POLICY. IDENTIFYING FOUR ASPECTS OF THE AMERICAN MUSLIM IDENTITY - NATIONAL ORIGIN, RACIAL AFFILIATION, RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION AND AMERICAN AFFILIATION - HE EXAMINES HOW THESE AFFECT THE VIEWS OF AMERICAN MUSLIMS TOWARDS US FOREIGN POLICY. HE NOTES THE CONFLICTING ATTRACTIONS OF THE TWO MAIN US POLITICAL PARTIES FOR AMERICAN MUSLIMS AND THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE NATION OF ISLAM UNDER LOUIS FARRAKHAN. HE CONCLUDES WITH AN ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 'INDIGENOUS' AND 'IMMIGRANT' MUSLIM AMERICANS.