Unknown Constantine von Feist: composer, pianist, teacher ; Неизвестный Константин фон Фейст: композитор, пианист, педагог ; Невідомий Костянтин фон Фейст: композитор, піаніст, педагог
The relevance of the study is conditioned by the necessity to bridge gaps in Ukrainian music history, including unfairly forgotten names of musicians.The main objective of the study is to investigate Constantine von Feist's stages of life and fields of creative activity as little known composer, teacher and pianist.Methodology of the article is complex. It includes: a method of historical and systemic analysis which helps to consider C. von Feist's activity under certain historical conditions and to define his role in formation of Ukrainian music culture; a method of search and generalization of archive documentation which helps to use reliable and trustworthy information in exposition of fact-based material; a method of musically-theoretical analysis — aimed to thorough study of music compositions along with their content and form, to reveal imagery by means of the system of music expression means used by composer; a method of systematization and generalization which makes it possible to summarize all available data and to make a grounded conclusion.The article pays attention to the fact that C. von Feist's activity was not studied by Ukrainian musicology before. However, culturally educated part of the society of the 19 century knew his works very well, as C. von Feist was a concert-giving pianist, composer and teacher.The musician was born in Poland. He was educated in Warsaw conservatory. In 1842 he moved to Kharkiv. The newspapers of that time said that the musician`s talent development took place exactly in Kharkiv ground. Here he became known as a composer, experienced and conscientious piano teacher and pianist-performer whose concerts always attracted the audience. C. von Feist's name was also well known abroad. Exemplary remarks about musician's activity were published in "The Warsaw courier" and in Vienna's newspapers.During Kharkiv period C. von Feist paid the most attention to composing. He wrote mainly salon pieces and military marches which were popular at that time and which he often dedicated and presented to emperor's family representatives. C. von Feist was repeatedly granted Supreme favour and was awarded with valuable gifts. Among such compositions are the marches: "The Horse trot" (1845), "The Infanterian March" (1850), "The Triumphant March" (1852), "The march in remembrance of Sacred Crowning of His Imperial Highness" (1857), and also large pieces for piano: "Cecilia Mazurka" (1855), "Nocturne" (1858), dedicated to Grand duchess Olga Fyodorovna (ne Cecilia Augusta), "Grand valse" ("The Bridal Fiery Waltz"), dedicated to Grand Duke Nikolay Nikolayevich on the occasion of the wedding of His Imperial Highness (1856).In 1860-ties C. von Feist moved to Moscow. He continued to compose and the tradition to dedicate his works. Two marches: "The Ceremonial March" (1862) and "The Millennial Festive March" (1862) written on the occasion of Their Imperial Highness's "general happy arrival" in Moscow and of "millennial reign of Russian government" respectively, were traditionally addressed to members of imperial family. Today the manuscripts of these compositions are kept in The National Russian Library.The musician's further life was connected mainly with pedagogical activity: the pianist bent every effort to foundation of music schools in towns and cities of the Russian Empire.In 1873 C. von Feist opened a private music school in Voronezh which was considerably popular among townspeople. In the middle of 1870-ties the musician moved to Ukraine and founded music schools in Sumy (1874) and in Nizhyn (1876).In 1881 he created vocal-instrumental school in Kyiv. Most researchers consider it to be among the first private educational establishments in Ukraine. The school was approved by Ministry of the Interior. Playing the piano, singing and music theory were taught there.In due course C. von Feist set himself the task to transfer Kyiv school to another town. He turned to the governor of Kamianets-Podilskyi with this idea but the first was refused. In 1885 the musician addressed a petition to the mayor of Mykolaiv, in which he suggested his assistance in transferring the educational establishment to the town entrusted to him. One of the schools head's conditions was: a subvention of 1200 rubles a year for teaching children from low-income families. But this time the musician did not obtain the consent as well.Having cancelled his plans to move to another town, C. von Feist continued teaching in Kyiv, where his creative activity was at last appreciated. In 1889 the Shah of Persia granted the school head of Kyiv music school the highest badge of honor of his country — "The Order of the Lion and the Sun". Having received this precious reward, intended for foreigners, C. von Feist, a famous musician, became fairly recognized for his talent and hard work.Results and conclusions. C. von Feist's fruitful creativity is a major contribution to development of Ukrainian music culture. His pedagogical achievements in formation of domestic musical education are especially important. Opened music schools, in particular for teaching children from low-income families, caused the growth of music level of the inhabitants, formation of the system of primary music education. C. von Feist's creative legacy as composer, the bulk of which have not survived, reflects aesthetic tendencies and genre priorities of Russian music of the 19 century. ; Охарактеризовано творчество композитора, педагога, пианиста Константина Францевича фон Фейста, рассмотрены отдельные этапы его жизненного пути и направления творческой деятельности, воссоздан творческий портрет художника, раскрыта его роль в культурно-художественной жизни Украины середины XIX века. К. фон Фейст был талантливым концертирующим пианистом. Как композитор, он писал преимущественно популярные в то время салонные пьесы и военные марши, которые щедро посвящал членам императорской семьи по случаю юбилеев, государственных праздников и различных жизненных событий. Воплощая свой замысел, К. фон Фейст внимателен к каждой детали: он каллиграфически чётко вносил все знаки акцентуации, педализаци, разные штрихи, динамические градации. Его автографы производили впечатление утончённой графической работы. Кроме того, он активно проявил себя на педагогическом поприще, в частности, его считают одним из основателей частных музыкальных школ в Украине. В учебных заведениях, открытых музыкантом в Воронеже, Сумах, Киеве, Нежине, учились дети из семей состоятельных и бедных горожан. По воспоминаниям современников, он был добросовестным и опытным преподавателем. Композиторское наследие К. фон Фейста преимущественно утеряно, однако отдельные материалы, сохранившиеся в фондах библиотек, свидетельствуют о его высоком профессионализме и мастерстве. Опусы художника неоднократно благосклонно принимали представители императорской семьи, вознаграждая его ценными подарками. Плодотворная деятельность К. фон Фейста является весомым вкладом в развитие украинской культуры, особенно музыкального образования. Композиторское наследие К. фон Фейста отражает эстетические тенденции развития русской музыки во второй половине XIX века. ; Розглянуто постать композитора, педагога, піаніста Костянтина Францовича фон Фейста. Охарактеризовано окремі етапи його життєвого шляху та напрями творчої діяльності, змальовано творчий портрет митця, розкрито його роль у культурно-мистецькому житті України середини XIX століття. З'ясовано, що К. фон Фейст був талановитим концертуючим піаністом. Композитор К. фон Фейст писав переважно популярні на той час салонні п'єси і військові марші, які щедро присвячував членам імператорської родини, даруючи з нагоди ювілеїв, державних свят і різних життєвих подій. Утілюючи свій задум, К. фон Фейст уважний до кожної деталі: він каліграфічно чітко виписував усі знаки акцентуації, педалізації, різноманітні штрихи, динамічні градації. Його автографи справляють враження витонченої графічної роботи. Він активно виявив себе на педагогічній ниві, зокрема його вважають одним із фундаторів приватних музичних шкіл в Україні. У закладах, які відкрив музикант у Воронежі, Сумах, Києві, Ніжині, навчалися діти з родин заможних і бідних городян. За спогадами сучасників, він був сумлінним і досвідченим викладачем. Композиторська спадщина К. фон Фейста здебільшого втрачена, проте окремі матеріали, які збереглися у фондах бібліотек, свідчать про його високий професіоналізм і майстерність. Опуси митця неодноразово прихильно сприймали представники імператорської родини, нагороджуючи його коштовними подарунками. Плідна діяльність К. фон Фейста становить вагомий внесок у розвиток української культури, особливо музичної освіти. Композиторський доробок К. фон Фейста відбиває естетичні тенденції розвитку російської музики у другій половині ХІХ століття.