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Since the 1970s, various aspects of power have been at the focus of theoretical and empirical adult education research. Despite the actual interest in political and discursive aspects of power, this article emphasizes the importance of interactional studies when observing and identifying power based on various types of data. As for German interaction studies, three phases can be distinguished, characterized by a) observations of failed participation based on records of classroom behaviour, b) the identification of mutual power negotiation in classroom and counselling situations based on transcriptions, and c) the identification of the power of physical settings in adult education classrooms and in counselling sessions based on visual data. It is presumed that observing/identifying power in adult education classrooms and counselling sessions generally depends not only on the notions of power underlying the studies but also on the data types produced and the methods applied for their interpretation. In addition, the question is raised whether the identification of power can be considered a power practice used by adult education researchers. (DIPF/Orig.)

Intro -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- DEDICATION -- Illustrations -- Tables -- Figures -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 - Globalization and Sea Power: Overview and Context -- Part I-Globalization and the Security Environment -- Chapter 2-Characteristics and Requirements of the Evolving Security Environment -- Chapter 3-Geopolitics versus Globalization -- Chapter 4-Transnational Threats and Maritime Responses -- Chapter 5-Global Terrorism, Strategy, and Naval Forces -- Part II-Economic Issues and Maritime Strategy -- Chapter 6-Market Effects of Naval Presence in a Globalized World: A Research Summary -- Chapter 7-Globalization of Maritime Commerce: The Rise of Hub Ports -- Chapter 8-Sea Lane Security and U.S. Maritime Trade: Chokepoints as Scarce Resources -- Chapter 9-Economic and Strategic Implications of Ice-Free Arctic Seas -- Chapter 10-Asia's Energy Future: The Military-Market Link -- Chapter 11-The Globalization of the Defense Sector? Naval Industrial Cases and Issues -- Part III-International Politics and Maritime Alliances and Coalitions -- Chapter 12-The International Law of the Sea in a Globalized World -- Chapter 13-Beyond Integration: Globalization and Maritime Power from a European Perspective -- Chapter 14-Implications for Multinational Naval Doctrine -- Chapter 15-Naval Overseas Presence in the New U.S. Defense Strategy -- Part IV-Globalization and Naval Operations -- Chapter 16-From Effects-Based Operations to Effects-Based Deterrence: Military Planning and Concept Development -- Chapter 17-Globalization under the Sea -- Chapter 18-Globalization and Naval Aviation -- Chapter 19-Globalization and Surface Warfare -- Chapter 20-Mine Warfare and Globalization: Low-Tech Warfare in a High-Tech World -- Chapter 21-Expeditionary and Amphibious Warfare.

Bu makale büyük güçler hiyerarşisinin diğer devletler arasındaki çatışma ilişkilerine etkisini incelemektedir. Güç geçişi teorisi içinde büyük devletlerin görece daha az güçlü devletler arasındaki ilişkilere olan etkisini incelemek için teorik bir yapı oluşturduğu için önemlidir. Güç geçişi teorisi büyük devletlerin diğer devletler arasındaki savaş- barış ilişkilerinde müdahalede bulunmadığını varsaymaktadır. Küresel kısıtlama modeli güç geçişi teorisi temelli çoklu hiyerarşiler ve bölgesel kısıtlama modellerine dayanmaktadır. Modelin farklılığı uluslararası sistemin bölgesel aktörler arasında savaş olup olmayacağına etkisinin incelenmesidir. Açıklayıcı değişken olarak küresel sınırlama uluslararası sistemdeki en güçlü beş devletin etkisine işaret etmektedir. Bu etki büyük güçlerin güçsüz taraf ve güçlü tarafa yaptıkları silah transferi oranı ile ölçülecektir. ; This paper investigates the influence of the great power hierarchy on minor power dyad conflict relations. The papers importance lies in providing a theoretical framework for studying great power interference in dyadic relations among minor powers within the power transition theory. Power transition theory assumes great power non-interference in war and peace dynamics among small power dyads. Building on the previous power transition based models of multiple hierarchy and regional hierarchy constraint, the global constraint model introduces the impact of the international system on the absence and existence of war among small powers within regions. Global constraint, the proposed explanatory variable, refers to the impact of the five most powerful states in the international system, and is operationalized as the ratio of arms transfers to the weaker dyad nation to that of the stronger one by the great powers. Key Words: Power transition theory, war onset, great power interference, arms transfers

Bu makale büyük güçler hiyerarşisinin diğer devletler arasındaki çatışma ilişkilerine etkisini incelemektedir. Güç geçişi teorisi içinde büyük devletlerin görece daha az güçlü devletler arasındaki ilişkilere olan etkisini incelemek için teorik bir yapı oluşturduğu için önemlidir. Güç geçişi teorisi büyük devletlerin diğer devletler arasındaki savaş- barış ilişkilerinde müdahalede bulunmadığını varsaymaktadır. Küresel kısıtlama modeli güç geçişi teorisi temelli çoklu hiyerarşiler ve bölgesel kısıtlama modellerine dayanmaktadır. Modelin farklılığı uluslararası sistemin bölgesel aktörler arasında savaş olup olmayacağına etkisinin incelenmesidir. Açıklayıcı değişken olarak küresel sınırlama uluslararası sistemdeki en güçlü beş devletin etkisine işaret etmektedir. Bu etki büyük güçlerin güçsüz taraf ve güçlü tarafa yaptıkları silah transferi oranı ile ölçülecektir. ; This paper investigates the influence of the great power hierarchy on minor power dyad conflict relations. The paper`s importance lies in providing a theoretical framework for studying great power interference in dyadic relations among minor powers within the power transition theory. Power transition theory assumes great power non-interference in war and peace dynamics among small power dyads. Building on the previous power transition based models of multiple hierarchy and regional hierarchy constraint, the global constraint model introduces the impact of the international system on the absence and existence of war among small powers within regions. Global constraint, the proposed explanatory variable, refers to the impact of the five most powerful states in the international system, and is operationalized as the ratio of arms transfers to the weaker dyad nation to that of the stronger one by the great powers. Key Words: Power transition theory, war onset, great power interference, arms transfers

This article conceptualizes power in the context of long-term process of structural change. First, it discusses the field of transition studies, which deals with processes of structural change in societal systems on the basis of certain presumptions about power relations, but still lacks an explicit conceptualization of power. Then the article discusses some prevailing points of contestation in debates on power. It is argued that for the context of transition studies, it is necessary to develop an interdisciplinary framework in which power is explicitly conceptualized in relation to change. Subsequently, such a framework is presented, with reference to existing literature on power. Starting with a philosophical and operational definition of power, a typology is developed of the different ways in which power can be exercised, explicitly including innovative power and transformative power. Finally, the presented power framework is applied to transition studies, redefining pivotal transition concepts in terms of power and formulating hypotheses on the role of power in transitions. By doing so, the article not only offers an interdisciplinary framework to study power in the context of transition studies, but also contributes to power debates more generally by including innovation and transformation as acts of power, and thereby proposes a re-conceptualization of the relation between power and structural change.

The balance of power is fundamental to the discipline of international relations, but its accuracy in explaining the historical record has been disputed. For international relations, balance of power theory represents a distinct approach which details the behaviour of states to counter hegemonic threats within an anarchic system. This article reimagines the balance of power tradition by highlighting its early modern foundations. Through providing a historical contextualization of the balance of power, this article shows how republican thinkers sought to balance against concentrations of power in order to safeguard political liberty. Early modern republics grappled with the challenge of maintaining a division of power within the polis in a co-constitutive relationship with the international. A republican polis could not secure liberty if under external domination or if the polis itself expanded to imperial proportions. Imperial expansion and the martial politics this entailed have traditionally been understood as incompatible to the safeguarding of political liberty. Recognizing this republican influence can uncover the co-constitutive connections between the internal power dynamics of the polis and the international sphere.

"This volume uses essential and illuminating primary documents as a portal for understanding the evolution and present parameters of presidential power, the relationship between America's three branches of government, and why wartime often leads presidents to claim expansive powers and authority. Covers topics such as Operation Pastorius, the Watergate scandal, the Iran-Contra affair, and drone strikes to show how each presented tests of presidential power. Utilizes events and developments throughout U.S. history--from the nation's founding to the contemporary era--to demonstrate how these singular, focusing events are often reflections of broader political, economic, and social forces"--

This article attempts to delineate the scope of a municipality's legal power within the realm of environmental management. Part one of this article looks at the legal position of a municipal government in the Canadian constitutional framework. The authors note that municipalities are creatures of statute and their available powers are tightly prescribed by legislation. Part two of this article is a case study of the City of Toronto's efforts to manage pollution in the Great Lake region, particularly with respect to Lake Ontario. Despite the limits to a municipality's power, the authors argue that many effective pollution prevention strategies fall within existing municipal authority. The authors conclude that a municipality has the unique and powerful ability to adopt effective source-control bylaws being the source of a significant amount of pollution.