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The paper seeks to identify the main characteristics of act of terror, by analyzing both international laws, and legislation in different countries, including the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania. The paper raises the hypothesis that act of terror as a criminal activity is not sufficiently regulated at both international and at national level, emphasizing that act of terror as criminal activity lacks of unified definition. The paper analyzes the phenomenon of terrorism starting with the historical development of the review of the concepts embodied in the international and national legislation. Searches for the relationship between the concepts of act of terror and terrorism. Overviews the existing international legal instruments to fight terrorism. The paper also focuses on different sets of national legislation on the fight against terrorism and soughts for some regulatory similarities; it also analyzes the concept of act of terror enshrined in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania.

The paper seeks to identify the main characteristics of act of terror, by analyzing both international laws, and legislation in different countries, including the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania. The paper raises the hypothesis that act of terror as a criminal activity is not sufficiently regulated at both international and at national level, emphasizing that act of terror as criminal activity lacks of unified definition. The paper analyzes the phenomenon of terrorism starting with the historical development of the review of the concepts embodied in the international and national legislation. Searches for the relationship between the concepts of act of terror and terrorism. Overviews the existing international legal instruments to fight terrorism. The paper also focuses on different sets of national legislation on the fight against terrorism and soughts for some regulatory similarities; it also analyzes the concept of act of terror enshrined in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania.

The paper seeks to identify the main characteristics of act of terror, by analyzing both international laws, and legislation in different countries, including the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania. The paper raises the hypothesis that act of terror as a criminal activity is not sufficiently regulated at both international and at national level, emphasizing that act of terror as criminal activity lacks of unified definition. The paper analyzes the phenomenon of terrorism starting with the historical development of the review of the concepts embodied in the international and national legislation. Searches for the relationship between the concepts of act of terror and terrorism. Overviews the existing international legal instruments to fight terrorism. The paper also focuses on different sets of national legislation on the fight against terrorism and soughts for some regulatory similarities; it also analyzes the concept of act of terror enshrined in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania.

The paper seeks to identify the main characteristics of act of terror, by analyzing both international laws, and legislation in different countries, including the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania. The paper raises the hypothesis that act of terror as a criminal activity is not sufficiently regulated at both international and at national level, emphasizing that act of terror as criminal activity lacks of unified definition. The paper analyzes the phenomenon of terrorism starting with the historical development of the review of the concepts embodied in the international and national legislation. Searches for the relationship between the concepts of act of terror and terrorism. Overviews the existing international legal instruments to fight terrorism. The paper also focuses on different sets of national legislation on the fight against terrorism and soughts for some regulatory similarities; it also analyzes the concept of act of terror enshrined in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania.

Die Europäische Union hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, bis zum Jahr 2030 die Emissionen von Treibhausgasen im Vergleich zum Jahr 1990 um mindestens 40 Prozent zu senken. Am 6. März 2015 hat der Umweltministerrat dieses Ziel als den europäischen Beitrag in den laufenden Verhandlungsprozess unter der VN-Klimarahmenkonvention (UNFCCC) eingebracht. Fast gleichzeitig hat die Europäische Kommission einen weitreichenden Vorschlag gemacht, wie ein neues internationales Klimaabkommen im Detail ausgestaltet werden könnte. Die Mitgliedstaaten müssen nun bis zur Verabschiedung eines formellen EU-Verhandlungsmandats klären, ob sie den Vorstellungen der Kommission folgen wollen. Dabei gilt es, sowohl die innereuropäischen Interessen rund um die Klimapolitik als auch die Rolle Frankreichs als Gastgeber der Pariser UNFCCC-Konferenz im Dezember 2015 mit den klimapolitischen Ambitionen in Einklang zu bringen. (Autorenreferat)

El presente artículo busca analizar las relaciones entre la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) y el movimiento sindical de América Latina. Si los intentos por fortalecer el movimiento de trabajadores eran de larga data, durante los años 1930 las relaciones entre el movimiento sindical latinoamericano y la OIT comenzaron a hacerse más regulares, especialmente en foros internacionales. Atención especial merece la misión de asistencia en materia sindical que llevó a cabo la OIT en Venezuela (1949), con el objeto de estudiar la situación de las organizaciones obreras luego de la instauración de la dictadura militar del general Carlos Delgado (1948). En términos de fuentes, se hará uso especialmente del informe redactado por la misión liderada por Jef Rens, subdirector general de la OIT, publicado en 1949, así como de la documentación presente en el archivo de la OIT en Ginebra. ; This article analyzes the relationship between the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the trade union movement in Latin America. If attempts to strengthen the workers' movement were long-standing, during the 1930s relations between the Latin American trade union movement and the ILO began to become more regular, especially in international forums. Special attention deserves the assistance mission carried out by the ILO in Venezuela in 1949 to study the situation of workers' organizations after the establishment of the military dictatorship of General Carlos Delgado (1948). Document relevant is the report written by the mission led by Jef Rens, Assistant Director General of the ILO, and published in 1949.

This article analyzes the relationship between the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the trade union movement in Latin America. If attempts to strengthen the workers' movement were long-standing, during the 1930s relations between the Latin American trade union movement and the ILO began to become more regular, especially in international forums. Special attention deserves the assistance mission carried out by the ILO in Venezuela in 1949 to study the situation of workers' organizations after the establishment of the military dictatorship of General Carlos Delgado (1948). Document relevant is the report written by the mission led by Jef Rens, Assistant Director General of the ILO, and published in 1949. ; El presente artí­culo busca analizar las relaciones entre la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) y el movimiento sindical de América Latina. Si los intentos por fortalecer el movimiento de trabajadores eran de larga data, durante los años 1930 las relaciones entre el movimiento sindical latinoamericano y la OIT comenzaron a hacerse más regulares, especialmente en foros internacionales. Atención especial merece la misión de asistencia en materia sindical que llevó a cabo la OIT en Venezuela (1949), con el objeto de estudiar la situación de las organizaciones obreras luego de la instauración de la dictadura militar del general Carlos Delgado (1948). En términos de fuentes, se hará uso especialmente del informe redactado por la misión liderada por Jef Rens, subdirector general de la OIT, publicado en 1949, así­ como de la documentación presente en el archivo de la OIT en Ginebra.

El presente artículo busca analizar las relaciones entre la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) y el movimiento sindical de América Latina. Si los intentos por fortalecer el movimiento de trabajadores eran de larga data, durante los años 1930 las relaciones entre el movimiento sindical latinoamericano y la OIT comenzaron a hacerse más regulares, especialmente en foros internacionales. Atención especial merece la misión de asistencia en materia sindical que llevó a cabo la OIT en Venezuela (1949), con el objeto de estudiar la situación de las organizaciones obreras luego de la instauración de la dictadura militar del general Carlos Delgado (1948). En términos de fuentes, se hará uso especialmente del informe redactado por la misión liderada por Jef Rens, subdirector general de la OIT, publicado en 1949, así como de la documentación presente en el archivo de la OIT en Ginebra. ; This article analyzes the relationship between the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the trade union movement in Latin America. If attempts to strengthen the workers' movement were long-standing, during the 1930s relations between the Latin American trade union movement and the ILO began to become more regular, especially in international forums. Special attention deserves the assistance mission carried out by the ILO in Venezuela in 1949 to study the situation of workers' organizations after the establishment of the military dictatorship of General Carlos Delgado (1948). Document relevant is the report written by the mission led by Jef Rens, Assistant Director General of the ILO, and published in 1949.

El presente artículo busca analizar las relaciones entre la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) y el movimiento sindical de América Latina. Si los intentos por fortalecer el movimiento de trabajadores eran de larga data, durante los años 1930 las relaciones entre el movimiento sindical latinoamericano y la OIT comenzaron a hacerse más regulares, especialmente en foros internacionales. Atención especial merece la misión de asistencia en materia sindical que llevó a cabo la OIT en Venezuela (1949), con el objeto de estudiar la situación de las organizaciones obreras luego de la instauración de la dictadura militar del general Carlos Delgado (1948). En términos de fuentes, se hará uso especialmente del informe redactado por la misión liderada por Jef Rens, subdirector general de la OIT, publicado en 1949, así como de la documentación presente en el archivo de la OIT en Ginebra. ; This article analyzes the relationship between the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the trade union movement in Latin America. If attempts to strengthen the workers' movement were long-standing, during the 1930s relations between the Latin American trade union movement and the ILO began to become more regular, especially in international forums. Special attention deserves the assistance mission carried out by the ILO in Venezuela in 1949 to study the situation of workers' organizations after the establishment of the military dictatorship of General Carlos Delgado (1948). Document relevant is the report written by the mission led by Jef Rens, Assistant Director General of the ILO, and published in 1949.

Petitioners Marjorie Zicherman and Muriel Mahalek sought damages from respondent Korean Air Lines (KAL) under the Warsaw Convention governing international air transport, for loss of society of a family member killed aboard a commercial airliner downed by a Soviet warplane. In a cross-petition, KAL requested a determination that the Death on the High Seas Act (DOHSA) prescribed damages recoverable under the Convention and did not allow damages to be recovered for loss of society. The Supreme Court (per Scalia, J.) affirmed in part and remanded in part and held unanimously that the Convention did not permit family members to recover loss-of-society damages because (1) Article 17 of the Convention provides for carrier liability in passenger deaths or injuries but leaves the crucial definition of legally cognizable harm to be determined by domestic courts; (2) in the United States, DOHSA prescribes the substantive law covering air crashes on the high seas; and (3) DOHSA permits only pecuniary damages.

BACKGROUND: Although guidelines exist for advanced and variant bladder cancer management, evidence is limited/conflicting in some areas and the optimal approach remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To bring together a large multidisciplinary group of experts to develop consensus statements on controversial topics in bladder cancer management. DESIGN: A steering committee compiled proposed statements regarding advanced and variant bladder cancer management which were assessed by 113 experts in a Delphi survey. Statements not reaching consensus were reviewed; those prioritised were revised by a panel of 45 experts before voting during a consensus conference. SETTING: Online Delphi survey and consensus conference. PARTICIPANTS: The European Association of Urology (EAU), the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), experts in bladder cancer management. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statements were ranked by experts according to their level of agreement: 1-3 (disagree), 4-6 (equivocal), 7-9 (agree). A priori (level 1) consensus was defined as ≥70% agreement and ≤15% disagreement, or vice versa. In the Delphi survey, a second analysis was restricted to stakeholder group(s) considered to have adequate expertise relating to each statement (to achieve level 2 consensus). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Overall, 116 statements were included in the Delphi survey. Of these, 33 (28%) statements achieved level 1 consensus and 49 (42%) statements achieved level 1 or 2 consensus. At the consensus conference, 22 of 27 (81%) statements achieved consensus. These consensus statements provide further guidance across a broad range of topics, including the management of variant histologies, the role/limitations of prognostic biomarkers in clinical decision making, bladder preservation strategies, modern radiotherapy techniques, the management of oligometastatic disease and the evolving role of checkpoint inhibitor therapy in metastatic disease. CONCLUSIONS: These consensus statements provide further guidance on ...