Suchergebnisse

Research on aggressive speech behavior, realized through Internet mediated communication, faces with the problem of highlighting messages that are truly aggressive, that means a person has intention of doing harm to other person (in case of written communication on social network sites, it is psychological harm). The task of identifying a real aggressor turns even more difficult once a response to speech provocation is presented in form of responsive aggression. In this case the respondent's intention differs from the desire to do harm. Since speech provocation and speech response are given in the same form, from a bystander's perspective, both actions are perceived as aggressive. It may seem that the attacker and the victim alternately play the role of the aggressor. To solve the problem of identifying the true aggressor by speech production, it becomes significant to reconstruct the framework of a particular communicative situation. The present research project focuses on the distinction between verbalization of offensive (provocative) and defensive (responsive) types of aggression, which makes it possible to fix the scheme of interaction between interlocutors while switching the roles of the aggressor and the victim. In the course of an experiment on written verbalization of aggression realized on the social network site VKontakte, based on perceptual method and linguistic pragmatics approaches, 20 respondents evaluate stimuli material (10 samples in Russian language without textual context and with pre- and post-textual contexts). It was revealed that the narrow context surrounding a speech message is significant in defining the aggressor: namely, the presence of textual pre- and post-contexts in the form of messages provoking the verbalization of defensive aggression.

Neste artigo, relacionamos Transição de Regime Político & Política Externa, realizando um estudo de caso comparado acerca das redemocratizações argentina e brasileira, no marco temporal de 1979 a 1990. Valendo-nos de teorias de referência da Transição de Regime, assim como de pressupostos do Realismo Neoclássico, elaboramos um quadro não-exaustivo que sistematiza variáveis explicativas da transição à democracia, em relação a efeitos possíveis em política externa. O nosso estudo foi realizado por meio da técnica da revisão de literatura e de documentos, em uma abordagem de cunho qualitativo, e com inferências produzidas por meio de comparação transversal e longitudinal. Na análise comparada, trabalhando com algumas das variáveis organizadas nosso quadro, concluímos que o modelo de transição é variável necessária, embora não suficiente, para explicar a formulação da política externa.Palavras-chave: Brasil, Política Externa, Transição de regime político. ABSTRACTIn this article, we relate Political Regime Transition & Foreign Policy, carrying out a comparative case study about the democratization in Argentina and in Brazil, from 1979 to 1990. Referring to well-established theories of Regime Transition, as well as to assumptions of Neoclassical Realism, we propose a non-exhausting framework that systematizes explanatory variables of the transition to democracy, in relation to possible effects in foreign policy. Our study was carried out by means of literature and documents review, in a qualitative approach, and with inferences produced through cross-case and longitudinal comparisons. We conclude from the case study that the transition model is a necessary variable, although not sufficient, to explain the production of the foreign policy.Keywords: Brazil, Foreign Policy, Regime transition.Recebido em: 10 nov. 2021 | Aceito em: 15 jun. 2022.

The article discusses the development of the mechanisms of deliberative democracy in Kazakhstan during the period of political transition on the example of the National Council of Public Trust under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The head of state, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, in his Address to the people on March 16, 2022, stated that the National Council of Public Trust "successfully fulfilled its tasks". Thus, the National Council ceases to exist, on its basis the "National Kurultai" will be created, which makes it possible to analyze the results of the activities of the National Council from the moment it was launched until the moment it ceased to work.Kazakhstan is at a critical stage of political development. President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev is pursuing a policy of fundamental political reforms aimed at building an effective democratic socially oriented society. There is a lot of work to be done to restructure the political architecture of the country. At the same time, the world political science has been considering the shortcomings of institutional democracy associated with the capitalist mode of production and the development of information technologies for several decades. Various methods for improving democracy are proposed. Deliberative democracy is one of them. It should be noted that elements of deliberative democracy are already beginning to be used in Kazakhstan in the form of the institution of the National Council of Public Trust, as well as Public Councils in various areas of public administrationThe article uses the methods of structural-functional and discursive analysis, discusses official documents, as well as potential scenarios for the development of events

In January 2021, Scotland became the first country in the world to make universal access to free period products a legal right, an initiative which attracted extraordinary international attention. This introduction outlines what is indeed new and ground-breaking about this law from the perspective of the history of menstruation, and what merely continues traditional and widespread conceptions, policies and practices surrounding menstruation. On the basis of an analysis of the parliamentary debates of the Act, we show that it gained broad political support by satisfying a combination of ten different political agendas: (1) promoting gender equality for women, while also (2) acknowledging broader gender diversity; (3) taking practical steps to alleviate one high-profile aspect of poverty at a relatively low overall cost to the state, while also (4) stimulating the production of menstrual products; (5) tackling menstrual stigma; (6) improving access to education; (7) working with grassroots campaigners; (8) improving public health; and (9) accommodating sustainability concerns; as well as (10) the desire to pass world-leading legislation in itself. In each case, we explore the extent to which the political aim is typical of, or departs from, wider trajectories in the history and politics of menstruation, and, where pertinent, trajectories in Scottish political history. The ten agendas in their international context provide kaleidoscopic insight into the current state of menstrual politics and history in Scotland and beyond. This introduction also situates this Special Collection as a whole in relation to the field of Critical Menstruation Studies and provides background information about the legislative process and key terminology in Scottish politics and in the history of menstruation.

The focus in mainstream Northern versions of Green New Deals (GNDs) or Just Transitions is on ameliorating the implications of low-carbon transition upon communities within Northern economies - not upon the communities, most often in the global South, that will be adversely affected
by the solutions that are being proposed, for example those based on mining for transition minerals, constructing damns for hydro-electricity or projects for the large-scale harnessing of solar power. Yet adverse impacts on the environment are expected to occur across the whole chain of provision
of the resources required by GNDs: the transportation of materials, assemblage of green production infrastructure, siting of facilities to produce energy, and dealing with waste at the end-of-life of green infrastructure. The areas involved in this chain are becoming Green Sacrifice Zones.
Assumptions about race and social difference provide the underpinning for a tendency to downplay or render invisible consequences for local communities. Furthermore, the extraction of resources often involves contemporary colonial practices, including land encroachment and highly exploitative
labour relations. Resource-seeking multinational companies present themselves as offering the benefits of modernity to people living in green sacrifice zones - in the form of 'employment opportunities' and 'economic development'. Some of the more peripheral or 'disadvantaged' areas within
Europe are also at risk from transition resource extractivism. To go beyond this mindset, there is a need to start listening to what frontline and vulnerable communities themselves say when they speak about just transition and GNDs: this will involve challenging leadership assumptions about
which people and what frameworks should guide a just decarbonisation.

Scholarship is split between seeing the Sanctuary City movement in a progressivist light of anti-border civil society movements, or, viewed as another iteration of citizenship controls. Critics point out how Sanctuary Cities, wherein municipalities provide services regardless of immigration status, do little to guarantee security for undocumented peoples who are at constant risk of deportation. Those who are optimistic about the movement's emancipatory potential celebrate Sanctuary Cities' ability to challenge the policing of migration. Why are the interpretations of Sanctuary City policies so polarized? I argue Sanctuary City literature suffers from trying to resolve the contradictions of state-based citizenship, devolving the challenge to the city, thus obscuring how state officials, business, and civil society actors can each possess local sovereignty control over urban space. My paper develops the metric of 'private deputized sovereignty' to trace how local policy discretion can implement or contest control over citizenship enforcement powers. I investigate how 'private deputized sovereignty' emerges from zoning technology inherent to urban spatial production. Conceptually, I introduce 'seeing like a zone' as a heuristic to challenge methodological nationalism and cityism which assume sovereignty resides with corporeal structures. In applying zoning analysis to Toronto's Sanctuary City policy, the paper identifies economic and sanctuary zones where jurisdictional exceptions empowers local authorities, civil society, and/or private actors to either grant amnesty or exile migrants. Toronto being located within an immigrant federal state and being a global city offers a case for multiscalar analysis where migrants' well-being and harm depends on the 'privately deputized sovereign's' zoning choices in workplaces, healthcare, schools and the street.

The Russian agro-industrial complex is the most important branch of the national economy participating in the program of import substitution and ensuring food security of the country.
At the moment, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation is implementing an export-oriented model of agricultural development. In the article, the author analyses the dynamics of foreign trade operations in the dairy food market. The information base for the integrated assessment was the data of Rosstat and the Customs Service on group 04 Dairy products TNVED. The dairy industry within the country shows progressive growth — gross production has been increasing since 2017. However, domestic agricultural producers cannot cover the domestic need for milk and dairy products. As a result — an increase in foreign economic operations. The analysis showed an increase in exports and imports. This is due to the influence of many factors. Factors and trends affecting their volumes in the short and long term were identified — the composition and structure of the balance of milk and dairy products resources, average per capita household income, average prices for dairy products, milk consumption per capita per year, volumes of foreign trade operations, etc. The built dynamic econometric models made it possible to distinguish limiting factors for each type of foreign economic transactions. For imports, these are average consumer prices for milk and annual consumption of dairy products per capita. For export — average consumer prices for dairy products. By influencing these factors, it is possible to ensure an increase in demand and supply in the dairy industry.
The conclusions made in the article can be used to develop and substantiate state agri-food policy.

Abstract
Background
This article aims to analyse the scientific production related to the impact worldwide of recreational and sports tourism on the conservation and management of coast and marine green infrastructures. To this end, the research focuses on two of the ecosystems, where this type of tourism exerts pressure on a global scale: seagrass meadows and coral reefs. Based on Scopus and WoS databases, different levels of analysis have been carried through the application of bibliometrics to identify the most prevalent topics and future research trends.

Results
The main results are summarised as follows. On the one hand, many publications in the scientific sector analyse how tourism and recreational activity affect specific marine ecosystems, especially coral reefs. On the other hand, the phenomenon of Global Change and the social and environmental effects on marine ecosystems with significant tourism potential have been identified as one of the most studied research topics. Finally, emerging research trends have been identified, including environmental monitoring and tracking programs aimed at controlling tourism, aspects related to the participation of the population and local tourism sectors, and the role of ecotourism in marine protected areas.

Conclusions
In conclusion, a greater commitment from the public administration and a greater social awareness of the ecosystem services it generates is needed. If the species and the natural environment are not conserved and protected, the tourist attractiveness of these areas would be lost and, ultimately, the tourism of the area would change, with the consequent loss of well-being for the whole community.

PurposeImplementing effective marketing strategies can reduce consumers' perceived risks and promote the development of the remanufacturing market. The paper aims to explore the impact of two marketing strategies on the remanufacturing decisions of an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and investigates the design of the optimal warranty service (WS) and consumer education (CE) strategies. Moreover, the authors also examine the optimal marketing strategy choices using the three criteria of OEM: profitability, consumer surplus and environmental impact (EI).Design/methodology/approachThe authors develop a stylized model by game theory, which characterizes how an OEM that produces and sells both new and remanufactured products (RPs) should design the optimal remanufacturing marketing activity, and how to choose between different remanufacturing marketing strategies. Moreover, consumer's utility theory is used to describe consumers' perception of different remanufacturing marketing strategies to derive product demand.FindingsThe results reveal that increasing the warranty and education levels will not always improve the firm's profitability; the result depends heavily on the size of the functionality-oriented consumer (FOC) segment. Remanufacturing marketing strategies might harm the OEM, consumers and environment under certain conditions. Moreover, the optimal marketing strategy selections are jointly influenced by the FOC segment and the new production cost. There exist triple-win regions in which the OEM should not hesitate to perform WS and CE.Originality/valueFew studies focus on the design and choice of remanufacturing marketing strategies, especially considering the role of consumer perceived behavior. This research contributes the behavioral remanufacturing marketing management and provides managerial implications for the implementation of OEM remanufacturing marketing strategy.

The most essential process of Acanthus ilicifolius L. tea production is drying. The current convective drying method (e.g., hot-air drying) of producing dried A. ilicifolius is inadequate due to its high energy consumption and long drying time, thus leading to undesirable final product quality. The objective of the present work was therefore to evaluate how the different standard drying methods and conditions namely hot-air drying (HAD), microwave drying (MWD), microwave-vacuum drying (MWVD), and freeze drying (FD) affect the greenness, chlorophyll content, antioxidant content, antioxidant activity, and anti-tyrosinase activity of A. ilicifolius leaves. MWD increased the drying rate of A. ilicifolius leaves by 6.7 times as compared to HAD. The logarithmic model best described moisture evolution during MWD and MWVD. The coefficient of diffusivity for MWD and MWVD was 10 times higher than that of HAD. The greenness of samples dried using HAD, MWD, and MWVD was 58.6 - 78.9, 51.7 - 73.9, and 56.4 - 68.8% lower than that of FD, respectively. As compared to HAD at 80°C, the greenness of the sample dried using MWD and MWVD at 700 W was 16.63 and 5.18% higher, respectively. MWD at 700 W was the best condition for minimising decomposition of the flavonoids (26.0%) and antioxidant activity namely DPPH assay (27.9%), FRAP scavenging (37.1%), reducing power (29.8%), Fe2+ chelating ability (22.9%), and Fe2+-1,10-Phenanthroline reducing (33.6%) of these medicinal leaves as compared to FD. Chlorophyll content, total phenolics, ABTS assay, and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition of leaves dried at MWD 700 W were not significantly different from those of the FD sample.

Makerspaces and hacklabs are believed to encourage a positive attitude towards gaining computer skills. Within these communities for peer production, citizens can apply cutting-edge technologies in DIY projects. In recent decades, mushrooming makerspaces and hacklabs were embraced by the tech industry and governments alike. Feminist makerspaces and hacklabs, however, as they are centred around a queer feminist agenda, have raised eyebrows. In order to foster diversity in tech development, they create safer spaces for self-expression. Here, feminist lay(wo)men* (To emphasise that the category 'Woman' is constructed and that more people than only those who identify as women are being included, one uses the sign * after the term 'women' ), makers, designers, artists and tinkerers experiment with open-source hardware and software. Art and design projects emerging from feminist hacklabs focus on issues of representation and democratic participation in digital media, as well as on ways of reclaiming one's own body. This article tries to unpack how, after an exhibition on sexual health norms, a feminist hacklab was attacked by local right-wing and conservative politicians. The attack resulted in the defunding of the feminist hacklab. But it also started a transformation process within the collective, as members became aware of critical interferences of diffracting marginalisations. The crisis triggered a discussion on how each member was threatened to very different degrees; for example, there was more at stake for members depending on their legal status in the country. The right-wing and conservative campaign against the feminist hacklab damaged the initiative, but at the same time it pushed the collective to generate increased vehemence and resilience.

AbstractThe physical health of individuals is degenerating worldwide. The decrease in sporting activities among young people appears critical, as most life habits evolve during childhood. Among others, the rising share of media consumption among children is thought to be a primary determinant of the decline in demand for sports participation. Consequently, the mainstream of past studies on demand for media consumption and health argue with a "per se" negative link between TV consumption and physical activities. To shed new light on this, we investigate the impact of the Japanese animated cartoon (anime) "Attack No 1" on youth volleyball participation in Germany in the mid‐1990s. We base our estimations on official club membership data (1985–2007) and use a difference‐in‐differences (DID) approach to empirically estimate the anime's causal effect on youth volleyball participation. With an average annual growth rate of 22.75%, the results show a strong short‐term volleyball boom among young girls after the anime. Numbers also increased slightly among male adolescents. Correlations did not suggest solid long‐term effects. However, based on the available data, no causal statements regarding long‐term effects were possible either.Additionally, we found no evidence that suggests substitution effects. Instead, accumulated youth female enrollments rose by 2.1% during the broadcasting time. Spill‐over effects on non‐ball‐based sports have not been identified. We conclude that TV content portraying sports might work as a nudge to increase sports demand among young people. Thus, the production or streaming of sport‐related animated cartoons should be incentivized to a greater extent.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrate supplementation strategies to lactating F1 Holstein x Zebu cows managed on deferred signal grass pasture on milk yield, composition and body weight gain. Thirty-six F1 Holstein x Zebu cows with average days in milk of 102 ± 10 and body weight of 501 ± 19 kg were allotted to a 4 x 5 completely randomized factorial design, with four feeding strategies and five weeks of evaluation. The treatments consisted of four nutritional strategies: deferred pasture as a source of roughage + 700 grams of protein supplement (PDPI); deferred pasture as a source of roughage + 1,200 grams of protein supplement (PDPII); deferred pasture + 15 kilograms of corn silage (natural basis) + 1,200 grams of protein supplement (PDSP) and corn silage (ad libitum) + 700 grams of protein supplement (CSS). There was no interaction (P = 0.99) between supplementation strategies and test days on milk yield and chemical composition. The mean milk yield of cows managed on PDPI, PDPII and PDSP was 11.50 kg/day (P > 0.05), which was 14.30% lower than that of cows managed on CSS. Fat content (P < 0.01), protein (P < 0.01), lactose (P < 0.01), defatted dry extract (DDE) (P< 0 .01), total solids (P < 0.01) and milk casein (P < 0.01) were affected by different supplementation strategies. F1 Holstein x Zebu cows on deferred Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk pasture and supplemented with concentrate maintains milk production at 11.50 kg with normal composition, maintaining satisfactory body weight and condition score.

La collaboration entre l'école et la famille est de plus en plus privilégiée comme moyen pour favoriser la
réussite et la persévérance scolaires. Celle-ci repose, entre autres, sur un partage des responsabilités
entre les parents et les enseignants. Les objectifs de cet article consistent à : (1) proposer un modèle intégrateur
des divers facteurs et processus de la collaboration école-famille; (2) cerner des conditions facilitantes
et des conditions contraignantes qui contribuent ou nuisent au développement de relations écolefamille
collaboratives; et (3) inventorier des éléments d'un cadre éthique visant à guider parents et enseignants
par rapport à la compréhension et l'exercice de leur rôle respectif. Cet article fait référence à la fois
aux recensions des écrits, rapports et résultats des études que nous avons effectuées ainsi qu'aux études
menées par des chefs de file internationaux au cours des quinze dernières années. Puis, en s'inspirant du
modèle anthropologique de Développement humain et Processus de production du handicap (Fougeyrollas,
Bergeron, Cloutier, Côté, et St-Michel, 1998), nous illustrons la dynamique des interactions entre,
d'une part, les facteurs associés aux jeunes, aux parents et aux familles et, à l'école et aux enseignants et
d'autre part, les processus familiaux et scolaires dans le développement de relations école-famille collaboratives.
L'importance de la compréhension des parents et spécialement des enseignants de leur rôle respectif
est mise de l'avant. Finalement, à l'aide de cadres éthiques, nous posons quelques jalons visant à
cerner les compétences interpellées ainsi que les valeurs et principes qui les sous-tendent. Les défis que
doivent relever les enseignants sont nombreux et l'agir professionnel éthique est un impératif dans le domaine
de l'éducation.

The role of the MSME sector is very strategic for the development of the national economy. MSMEs as the anchor of the national economy have proven to be able to survive the economic crisis that occurred in 1997. However, in its sustainability, the role of MSMEs continues to be overshadowed by difficulties in competing due to various factors that influence it. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors that influence the development of the number of MSMEs in Indonesia. The research variables used in this study are inflation variables, interest rates, the exchange rate of the rupiah against the dollar and the number of MSMEs in Indonesia. The type of data used in this study is quantitative data in the form of monthly with a time range of January 2016 to December 2020. The data sources are obtained from BPS, Ministry of Cooperatives and MSMEs. The writing method uses multiple regression in the form of logarithms. The results of the analysis conclude that inflation and interest rate variables have no significant effect on the development of the number of MSMEs in Indonesia. This is due to the fact that people's purchasing power is still weak due to economic shocks originating from the health sector that hit almost all countries in the world, including Indonesia. The rupiah exchange rate variable has a significant effect on the development of the number of MSMEs in Indonesia. the majority of MSME actors in Indonesia, most of the inputs used for production come from abroad, so that exchange rate pressures have an impact on the number of MSME businesses in Indonesia.