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Introduction. The article examines the activities of the Russian repressed scientist, agronomistsoil scientist, laureate of the Lenin Prize in the field of agriculture Alexandra Zaitseva and her contribution to the development of agriculture in Kazakhstan. Materials. The article uses archival documents, and many sources are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In particular, the documents of the State Archive of Karaganda region on scientific and technical documentation, the State Archive of Akmola region and materials of periodicals of those years were studied. Analysis and results. The authors comprehensively investigate her scientific activities in Akmola and Karaganda regions and pay special attention to her contribution and new scientific discoveries in the steppe arid zone. The study examines the merits of A. Zaitseva in the opening of an experimental station as part of the Akmola camp of wives of "traitors to the Motherland", known as the women's camp in the Soviet Union. It also presents her activities as a researcher in Karlag as a head of the department of agrotechnics and agrochemistry during the Great Patriotic War and in the difficult post-war years. In particular, her contribution to the sowing of winter wheat on the stubble of spring crops and grassland crop-rotation, introduced into the production practice of collective and state farms in Karaganda region. Separately, her activities in the All-Union Research Institute of Grain Farming in Akmola region as a head of the department of agrosoil science have been investigated. Particular attention is paid to her participation in the practices to reduce wind erosion while developing virgin and fallow lands in Northern Kazakhstan.

The article focuses on Slovenia's unique historical and geopolitical position, which makes the country a highly unusual EU (Central East European – CEE) member state and determines its stance on the EU's energy policy with respect to the USA and Russia. It pursues the research question: how does Slovenia balance between the EU energy policy framework and its particular national energy interests related to Russia and the USA? Conceptually, the article builds on the Europeanization of foreign policy applying the downloading path to Slovenian external energy policy via three indicators: the increasing salience of the European political agenda, adherence to common (EU) objectives, and internalization of EU membership and its integration process. It employs a method of statistical data and content analysis of documents and secondary sources within two case studies of energy projects, namely the South Stream involving Russia, and long-term use of nuclear energy for electricity production involving the USA. The results substantiate that Slovenia has managed to balance between its energy-related national interests and the EU energy framework by formulating and legitimizing the former within the EU policy framework. However, the second case reveals that the open EU legal framework on the member states' choice of nuclear energy cooperatives is a notable limitation to Europeanization due to the tendency for interests in national foreign policy and domestic politics – both performed by the government – to drift away from general EU values. In the conclusion, the article identifies two important implications arising from the case of Slovenia as a stress test of the EU's external dimension of energy policy.

AbstractAdverse impacts of air pollution on human health have been well documented in Spain; however, very few have been conducted in the Spanish region of Castilla-La Mancha (CLM). CLM is an extensive region with a low population density, little industrial production, and moderate air pollution level. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the risk of hospital admission for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 in CLM during 2006–2015. Daily air pollution concentration, temperature, and relative humidity were monitored from the air quality monitoring stations in CLM. A time-series analysis with generalized linear model was used to examine the effects of air pollution on hospital admissions by controlling for long-term trend and other potential confounders. The effect modifications by sex and age (15–64; ≥ 65 years) were examined. Lagging exposure concept was used to analyze a possible latency period in cumulative exposure-pollution analyses. Relative risks (RR) of CVD admissions at the same day (lag 0) and to 7 days after exposure (lag 7) were calculated. Relative risks of CVD admissions (for an increase of 10 µg m−3 in concentration of air pollutant) were calculated. The elderly group (≥ 65 years) were the most susceptible group to the effect of air pollution, whereas the estimated effect by sex was significantly different depending on the age group. The potential utility of these results may help for syndromic surveillance during future similar air pollutant concentrations, where an increase in the use of health services among the vulnerable groups could be unexpected by the emergency department.

Milk and its derivatives are highly consumed foods worldwide, with recognized nutritional importance. The search for the production of products with superior quality is constant. For the present work, 26 milk-producing properties were selected, with a total of 506 milk samples collected during the period from October 2019 to May 2020 being evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of milk produced in dairy properties in the region west Paraná, classified as good or bad based on the results of the Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and through sampling (n = 10) to evaluate the resistance profile of enterobacteria and Staphylococcus spp. isolated from milk samples, in addition to the presence of the mecA gene in strains of Staphylococcus spp. resistant to oxacillin. There were significant differences between the good and bad properties for the levels of lactose, SCC (cell/mL), and Standard Plate Count (SPC) (CFU/mL). The strains of Staphylococcus spp. showed differences in the percentage of resistance in relation to the good and bad properties for antibiotics: tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, oxacillin, amikacin, clindamycin, gentamycin, and erythromycin. The mecA gene was not detected in any of the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates that showed resistance to oxacillin. For enterobacteria, the isolated species differed in relation to the classification of properties, with predominance for Escherichia coli (40%) for properties classified as bad and Hafnia alvei (40%) for those classified as good. The percentage of antibiotic resistance compared to enterobacteria isolates was higher in properties classified as good. Monitoring through microbial culture and antibiogram is extremely important, favoring the correct choice for the treatment of animals with a reduced selection of resistant strains.

A medida que la economía avanza, los Estados se ven obligados a innovar en sus medios de producción con el fin de generar estrategias competitivas que permitan su incursión en la esfera del mercado mundial. Una de estas pericias tenidas en cuenta por Colombia ha sido la incursión de la minería en gran parte de sus departamentos, lo que ha generado una fuerte ola de inversión tanto extranjera como nacional ante este sector económico. El presente documento pretende caracterizar la gestión de la industria minera en el ámbito colombiano y su relación entre el accionar gubernamental y empresarial, lográndose esto a través de una revisión y análisis documental. El territorio colombiano se encuentra bastan-te desprotegido por el Estado, lo que ha generado fuertes repercusiones en el desarrollo de esta actividad en las áreas donde se ejecuta. ; As the economy advances, States are forced to update their means of production in order to generate competitive strategies that allow its foray into the sphere of the world market. One of these skills considered by Colombia, it has been the incursion of mining in many of its departments, which has generated a strong wave of investment both foreign and domestic to this economic sector. This document aims to characterize the management of the mining industry in Colombia and the relationship between government and business actions, this being achieved through a review and document analysis. The Colombian space is fairly unprotected by the state territory, which has generated strong impact of this acti-vity in the areas where it runs.

The tragic story of the star-crossed lovers of Verona was first presented to Spanish theatergoers during the early decades of the nineteenth century. During this period Shakespeare was largely unknown to the general public. The article examines the early reception of Shakespeare in Spain focusing on one iconic play, Romeo and Juliet, and its earliest adaptations: Dionisio Solís's Julia y Romeo (1803) and Manuel Bernardino García Suelto's Romeo y Julieta (1817). At a time when the Spanish public was captivated by the allure displayed by adaptations of Othello, this article argues that the adaptations of Romeo and Juliet composed by Solís and García Suelto also enjoyed popularity, as evidenced by their several revivals and the prestige of some of the actors and actresses who intervened in the productions. The article examines the historical, political and sociocultural factors that contributed to the composition and popularity of Julia y Romeo and Romeo y Julieta. Historical contextualization is combined with an analysis of the sources and main features of each adaptation. The article also offers a detailed account of the reception and performance history of both plays on the Spanish stage from 1803 to 1836. These neoclassical versions remain –up to this day– largely unknown texts, but they deserve close attention since both plays strongly contributed to the gradual dissemination of Shakespeare and his work in Spain. ; The research for this article has been funded by the project "La recepción de las obras de Shakespeare en la cultura española y europea II" (PGC2018-094427-B-I00; 2019 – to the present). I am grateful to the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation for its support.

International audience ; L'activité économique mondiale a progressé rapidement en 2021, comblant en partie la chute de 2020. Pourtant, à peine remise de la pandémie de Covid-19, l'économie mondiale doit faire face à une nouvelle série de chocs. La résurgence de l'inflation observée à partir de l'été dernier en est le premier symptôme. Cette inflation est d'abord liée à l'écart entre l'offre et la demande de produits énergétiques, ce qui a eu pour conséquence de faire augmenter non seulement le prix du pétrole mais également ceux du gaz et des biens alimentaires. Malgré l'amélioration de la situation sanitaire, le virus circule toujours entraînant des dysfonctionnements dans les chaînes de production. Il en résulte des difficultés d'approvisionnement qui alimentent également les tensions sur les prix. Depuis février, l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie accroît le risque d'un ralentissement économique mondial, en amplifiant l'augmentation des prix énergétiques et alimentaires. De plus, ce conflit s'accompagne de tensions géopolitiques qui ont fortement accru l'incertitude en raison des menaces d'extension du conflit ou d'escalade des sanctions. Ainsi, outre les ménages qui subissent des pertes de pouvoir d'achat, les entreprises pourraient se montrer plus réticentes à investir au cours des prochains mois. Même si les gouvernements prennent des mesures pour amortir l'impact de la hausse des prix, la sortie du « Quoi qu'il en coûte» se traduit par la réduction des mesures de soutien budgétaire. Quant aux banques centrales, leur soutien ne peut plus être aussi facilement assuré que précédemment, dès lors que l'inflation dépasse largement leur cible. Elles ont même soit amorcé, soit annoncé, un resserrement de la politique monétaire. Dans la situation conjoncturelle actuelle, ces décisions contribueraient au recul de la demande.

International audience ; This article intends to question the glottopolitical commitment of the third people assisting asylum seekers in their legal approach. More specifically, this study focuses on the discourses and practices helping the asylum narratives production. From Bourdieu's sociology, the aim is to show that mediators have an eminently glottopolitical role as they are key people within the institutional ritual. Indeed, their commitment takes place between resisting migration policies and complying institutional expectations. Regarding their intervention on the asylum narratives and appeals, their role appears to be part of a remediation process to sociolinguistics difficulties that seekers cope with. Their third place in the relation between the institution and the asylum seekers distinguishes their commitment, providing them with the power to divert and negotiate this interactional structure. ; Cet article se propose d'interroger l'engagement glottopolitique des tiers-aidants médiateurs à l'élaboration du récit de vie requis dans le cadre de la demande d'asile, à partir de leurs pratiques d'assistance et des discours entourant ces pratiques. Ayant pour socle la sociologie bourdieusienne, il s'agira de montrer que ces médiateurs, rouages clé du rite d'institution qu'est la demande d'asile, ont un rôle éminemment glottopolitique, entre résistance aux politiques migratoires et conformité aux attentes institutionnelles. À l'aune de leurs différentes pratiques d'aide rédactionnelle et préparatoire aux audiences, et au regard des récits et recours rédigés, ce rôle apparait finalement constitutif d'un processus de remédiation aux difficultés socio-langagières rencontrées par les demandeurs. La posture tierce des aidants dans le dialogue entre l'institution et le requérant singularise leur engagement, leur conférant un pouvoir subtil de détournement de l'ordre de l'interaction avec lequel ils négocient en permanence.

Olive pomace (OP) is the main residue that results from olive oil production. OP is rich in bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, so its use in the treatments of diseases related to oxidative stress, such as cancer, could be considered. The present work aimed to study the biological properties of different OP extracts, obtained by ohmic heating-assisted extraction and conventional heating, using water and 50% ethanol, in the treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer through Caco-2 cell models. Additionally, an in-silico analysis was performed to identify the phenolic intestinal absorption and Caco-2 permeability. The extracts were chemically characterized, and it was found that the Ohmic-hydroethanolic (OH-EtOH) extract had the highest antiproliferative effect, probably due to its higher content of phenolic compounds. The OH-EtOH induced potential modifications in the mitochondrial membrane and led to apoptosis by cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phases with activation of p53 and caspase 3 proteins. In addition, this extract protected the intestine against oxidative stress (ROS) caused by H2O2. Therefore, the bioactive compounds present in OP and recovered by applying a green technology such as ohmic-heating, show promising potential to be used in food, nutraceutical, and biomedical applications, reducing this waste and facilitating the circular economy. ; This work was supported by the Grants from MCIN, CIBEROBN (CB06/03/1012), Red Multimetdrugs (RED2018-102471-T), and the Government of Aragón (B16-20R), the Interreg Sudoe Program (REDVALUE, SOE1/P1/E0123) through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The Covid-19 vaccination has meant a huge challenge for crisis communication. After months of lockdowns, mass vaccination was a silver lining moment, but it was under threat from disinformation boosted by misinformation on social media. This research explores how opinion leaders among political leaders and health experts used Twitter to create and manage messages about the vaccination process. Specifically, we show the issues (issue frame) and strategies (game frame) applied by these actors. This study employs a corpus on the words "Covid-19" and "vaccines" used on Twitter by the heads of government and 10 recognized health experts (two for each country) in the US, the UK, France, Portugal, and Spain. We also analyze the accounts of fact-checking projects on those countries (@PolitiFact, @FullFact, @decodeurs, @JornalPoligrafo, and @maldita). The sample allows the comparison of countries with different political cultures that participated differently in the production of vaccines. The data were captured from the beginning of the vaccination drive (December 14th, 2020) until most of the population above 60 were vaccinated (May 14th, 2021). A manual content analysis was performed on the tweets (n = 2,607). The results illustrate that the politicians mostly disagreed with experts regarding issues and strategies. This finding can foster distrust in the elites and, therefore, threatens the long-term success of a public health campaign. Our study contributes to discussions on the role of networks for social cohesion, arguing that the public conversation on Twitter about the vaccination has revealed high levels of controversy. ; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. PDC2021–121720‐I00

The South African Government has an interest in ensuring that South Africa derives benefit from the exploitation of its natural resources. In the South African mineral and mining industry, this interest extends to the proceeds acquired from participation therein. Participation in the mineral and mining industry, however, is high risk, capital intensive and often has long lead times from exploration to production. Due to these factors, exploiting South Africa's mineral resources with recourse to purely domestic financing, expertise and/or equipment is challenging, if not impossible. Therefore, the industry requires capital, investment, and input from foreign sources, namely by way of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). To ensure that foreign participation in its mineral and mining industry allows for domestic benefit, and that said benefit is enhanced in accordance with its policy objectives, the South African Government has formulated and imposed Local Content Requirements (LCRs) for the industry. This dissertation analyses the question of whether the LCRs formulated and imposed in the South African mineral and mining industry promote the attraction of FDI. The argument made is that the overarching factor influencing the decision to invest in the South African mineral and mining industry is certainty. Pursuant thereto, this dissertation argues that, as presently formulated and implemented, the LCRs applicable to the South African mineral and mining industry do not ensure certainty and, accordingly, do not promote the attraction of FDI. In the light of this conclusion, this dissertation offers two recommendations to the South African Government to enhance certainty in respect of the LCRs applicable to the South African mineral and mining industry for the purpose of promoting the attraction of FDI.

Economic transition in Hungary was coupled by the adoption of the "Companies Act" in October 1988, which made it possible to state enterprises to convert themselves either into private company or public limited liability company. This led to the collapse of the socialised sector and paved the way towards the creation of a free market economy. Liberalisation programme started on 1 January 1989, which abolished all restrictions on wages and prices. Measures were also introduced for liberalising import. The first wave of privatization was uncontrolled, which was placed under the direct supervision of the state in the autumn of 1990 by the government coalition of the Hungarian Democratic Forum. The main objective of the conservative cabinet was to promote the emergence of a new Hungarian entrepreneur stratum. From 1994 privatization strategy changed under the Social-Liberal government, which encouraged bigger participation of foreign investors in the process and the simplification of sale procedure. As result of economic transition both the industrial and agricultural production declined, whereas unemployment rate rose to more than 12 percent in 1993. Because of unfavourable external conditions (the collapse of Comecon) the Hungarian economy was hit by depression. Another negative outcome of the transformation process was that gross government debt and inflation rose to an unprecedented level. The objective of my study is to evaluate the impacts of economic transition in Hungary between 1988 and 1998. I will focus on analysing the process of privatization and the macroeconomic consequences of the change of regime. Because of length constraints, I will not highlight the changes made in the political system after 1990.

Mongolian people often consume meat more than vegetable in diet due to traditional nomadic culture. Nowadays, the Mongolian people's diet has been changing who consume more vegetables with associated urbanization (half of the population live in urban areas, mostly in the capital city). Even though vegetable consumption has been increased recently, the vegetable market is still a high reliance on imports and threatening national food security. Since 2016, the Mongolian government has especially paid attention to increasing vegetable's domestic production and substitution to import vegetables (Ministry of food and Agriculture, 2017). Therefore, this paper provided to substitution elasticity (the Armington elasticity) between import vegetables and domestic vegetables in Mongolia. Additionally, we estimated the home bias value of vegetables. The so-called Armington elasticities are widely used for computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis, which determines a degree of substitution between import goods and domestically produced goods. Several of the authors studied Armington elasticities at the product level. We choose six vegetables (such as potato, garlic and onion, tomato, carrot and turnips, cabbage, and cucumber) related to lack of information. The empirical result shows that the Armington elasticities in the long-run higher than the short-run with exception of potato which means that products are similar in the long-run. However, our estimated Armington elasticities are quite lower than the previous studies result which means that Mongolian people indicated more prefer home growing vegetables than import vegetables. Moreover, we found that the home bias value is high in the short-run even long -run, this appears to be a higher relative weight on home vegetables. JEL code: F13, Q17, Q18

Recent years have seen an unprecedented spread of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs, or "drones"), which are highly useful for both civilian and military applications. Flight safety is a crucial issue in UAV navigation, having to ensure accurate compliance with recently legislated rules and regulations. The emerging use of autonomous drones and UAV swarms raises additional issues, making it necessary to transfuse safety- and regulations-awareness to relevant algorithms and architectures. Computer vision plays a pivotal role in such autonomous functionalities. Although the main aspects of autonomous UAV technologies (e.g., path planning, navigation control, landing control, mapping and localization, target detection/tracking) are already mature and well-covered, ensuring safe flying in the vicinity of crowds, avoidance of passing over persons or guaranteed emergency landing capabilities in case of malfunctions, are generally treated as an afterthought when designing autonomous UAV platforms for unstructured environments. This fact is reflected in the fragmentary coverage of the above issues in current literature. This overview attempts to remedy this situation, from the point of view of computer vision. It examines the field from multiple aspects, including regulations across the world and relevant current technologies. Finally, since very few attempts have been made so far towards a complete UAV safety flight and landing pipeline, an example computer vision-based UAV flight safety pipeline is introduced, taking into account all issues present in current autonomous drones. The content is relevant to any kind of autonomous drone flight (e.g., for movie/TV production, news-gathering, search and rescue, surveillance, inspection, mapping, wildlife monitoring, crowd monitoring/management, etc.), making this a topic of broad interest.

Natural minerals are a powerful tool in politics when some have a major role in production. Its depletion is now a hot topic worldwide. Thus, the safety of the environment, natural surface water, groundwater and the protection of soils from chronic contamination by metallic and inorganic elements is a global concern. Indeed, industrialization and development have led to the generation of huge and varied amounts of waste, including electronic waste (e-waste), which is released into the environment. Although e-waste is classified as hazardous, most of it is not recycled and developed countries with strict environmental protection legislation send most of their e-waste to developing countries where regulations are lax. These electronic devices and components after being used are simply dumped into the environment due to lack of treatment and recycling strategy. As a result, they become a threat to the environment, ecosystems and humans. African countries are among the most vulnerable nations. But they are unfortunately ignored and underestimated. To date, there is no e-waste recycling unit (factory) in most African countries and mainly in the Republic of Benin. In response to this challenge, this study explored the different techniques used for the recycling of waste electrical/electronic equipment in order to develop a new environmentally friendly approach in future work, for the extraction and recycling of the usual and valuable metallic elements contained in electronic waste (printed circuit boards) released into the environment. For this purpose, a bibliographic research was carried out from 20 April to 16 October 2021. The results obtained allowed us to identify the advantages and disadvantages of existing recycling methods.