Suchergebnisse

This paper is the first of a series of papers exploring the political and institutional contexts of resource mobilization and social spending for social development in Uganda. We provide the historical context of, and trends in, resource mobilization (domestic and external revenue) and social spending in post-independence Uganda. After years of civil war, mismanagement and general decline, Uganda turned a page in 1986 when NRM (National Resistance Movement) came to power. During the 1990s and early 2000s, Uganda was a prototypical donor-dependent country with aid constituting more than half of government revenue. During this period, the government, in partnership with donors, focused spending on targeted pro-poor development programmes, including primary education and basic health care. While priority of these social sectors has led to some improvements in social development outcomes, the quality of education and health care is still disappointing and social protection programmes remain neglected. Moreover, domestic resource mobilization has not improved considerably which points to issues of weak institutional capacity as well as the contested nature of taxation. Trends in recent years show an increasingly strained relationship between the government and its traditional donors, piecemeal and ad hoc tax reforms, promise of increasing revenue from oil, and a move in policy priorities away from human capital development to spending on infrastructure and expansion of productive sectors.

This book is a vivid history of racism in post-apartheid South Africa, focusing on how colonialism still haunts black intraracial relationships. In 2008, sixty-four people died in a wave of anti-immigrant violence in the Alexandra township of Johannesburg; in the aftermath, Hashi Kenneth Tafira went to Alexandra and undertook an ethnographic study of why this violence occurred. Presented here, his findings reframe xenophobia as a form of black-on-black racism, unraveling the long history of colonial dehumanization and self-abnegation that continues to shape South African black subjectivities. Studying vernacular, popular stereotypes, gender, and sexual politics, Tafira investigates the dynamics of love relationships between black South African women and black immigrant men, and pervasive myths about male sexuality, economic competition, and immigrants. Pioneering and timely, this book presents a cohesive picture of the new face of racism in the twenty-first century.

"Go details through institutional analysis how major financial institutions (including banks and insurance companies), industries, and the U.S. government behaved and linked with each other during the Great Depression and Inter-War period. Drawing on data that has not been widely used since the late thirties - including congressional hearings, financial data, and government reports concerning economic concentration in the Depression Era - Go presents a general picture of American finance capital on the eve of World War Two. He details the emergence of important new financial-industrial powers in 1920's that challenged the Wall Street's established order on the eve of Great Depression, the response of the Wall Street's finance capital to the challenge, and its renewed dominance as well as the growing community of interests between finance and industry under the Depression. He also points out the role of Wall Street's finance capital in financing the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) in 1932, the New Deal, and the emerging war economy. With its coverage of primary sources, this book will interest researchers and advanced undergraduate students taking American history, political science, and institutional economics"--

Increasingly celebrated, often without questioning, "green architecture" calls for a substantiated discussion. This article explores how design critique can contribute to the thinking and practice around green architecture, particularly green facades, which are growing in number and significance. How can green facades be critically discussed, beyond the dominating glossy project presentations and quantitative measurements of technological and ecological aspects? This article studies the green facades in the architectural competition, Oluf Bager's Plaza, 2016, in Odense, Denmark, using two traditions of critique: Noël Carroll's art criticism, in which green facades are seen as part of a designed work that follows certain intentions, and Mary McLeod's concept of architecture as public domain that requires critical attention towards broader cultural, social, and economic processes. The study shows that the projects for the new Oluf Bager's Plaza strike a balance between different ambitions, mainly adjusting to the historical context, while also answering the paradoxical double aim of Odense to become a densely built yet green city. The assumption that green facades can bridge the gap between density and green-ness became an important premise for the project. Green architecture should therefore be critiqued from multiple angles, including the ideas, plans, politics, and economics that shape future cities.

The political science department at George Washington University hosted 40 congressional scholars from around the United States and England in May for a discussion of current work on the evolution of legislative institutions and behavior Professors Sarah Binder, Forrest Maltzman, Eric Lawrence, and Gary Young organized the 7th annual conference, which had previously been hosted by Columbia, MIT, Stanford, Washington University, Yale, and Princeton. The conference was partially funded by the Alben W. Barkley Endowment Fund.

When I was invited to participate in the conference marking the twentieth anniversary of Leiden's Centre for Overseas Expansion and to contribute to the conference's retrospection of recent scholarship on the history of overseas expansion, I happily agreed. And I agreed specifically to contribute a paper on what was rather casually, I think, called 'The Atlantic in the Ancien Régime'. Since I had been working, one way and another, in that area for a long time, I expected no difficulty in writing up a reasonable paper. But the more I thought about the subject, and the more I reviewed what had been done in recent studies of 'the Atlantic in the Ancien Régime' the more mysterious and interesting the question became and the more strongly I was led back to earlier antecedents in the literature. I had a growing feeling that something strange had happened, something that, oddly enough, I had myself been involved in without knowing it, something that I was in fact attempting to formulate in connection with an international seminar on Atlantic history that I will be directing over the next few years.

Basing on her Ph.D. disertation: China in transition: the role of Wu Ting-fang (1842-1922), q.v ; Includes bibliographical references and index ; Wu Tingfang (1842-1922) was a contemporary of Li Hongzhang, Yuan Shikai, Hei and Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen), all of whom were involved in China's attempt at reform and modernization in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. During his time, Wu was a prominent political figure, participating actively in public service and political activities in Hong Kong, Shanghai and Guangzhou. This book is a biography of Wu, and sheds considerable light on a crucial period in Chinese history ; published_or_final_version ; Preface pvii ; Acknowledgements pviii ; Introduction p1 ; Conclusion p287 ; Glossary p295 ; Bibliography p297 ; Index p313 ; Ch.1 The Colonial Matrix 1842-1877 p7 ; Ch.2 Hong Kong Barrister 1877-1882 p41 ; Ch.3 With Li Hongzhang 1882-1896 p72 ; Ch.4 Promise and Disappointment in America 1897-1902 p103 ; Ch.5 Wu Tingfang and the New Nationalism 1902-1905 p137 ; Ch.6 Towards a New Era 1905-1911 p171 ; Ch.7 Wu Tingfang and the 1911 Revolution p193 ; Ch.8 Elder Statesman 1912-1922 p231

This volume explores the political and social backgrounds of the ongoing history textbook controversy in Japan. In chapter 1, the resurgence since the 1990s of the conservative interpretation of history known as historical revisionism is identified as the major reason for the renewed debate. Chapter 2 demonstrates that, as a consequence of a strong connection between revisionism and politics, perspectives on Japan's recent history underlying the "culture of memory" as it is manifested in the public sphere—in memorials, museums and ceremonies—are increasingly similar to those advocated by historical revisionism. This is particularly true regarding the interpretation of the Asia-Pacific War (1931-1945), which here is often depicted as a defensive war or as a war waged for the "liberation" of Asia. But however forcefully expressed, these views fall short of reflecting a consensus on history in Japanese society at large. In chapter 3, a number of opinion surveys inquiring into the "historical consciousness" of the Japanese are analyzed. The results of these surveys indicate that revisionist views face an uphill battle in Japanese society and rather have to be considered a minority position at present. The explosive character of the history textbook controversy above all reflects the discrepancy between the historical views of the political class and those presented in the public sphere, on the one hand, and those predominant in the wider society on the other. The anticipated next round of the history textbook debate, in the 60th anniversary year of the end of the war, will not be adequately understood without some knowledge of the backgrounds to the debate and the issues related to it.

This document examines the impact on the Russian economy between 1992 & 1998 of the macroeconomic prescriptions arising from the Washington Consensus. After recalling the origin of those prescriptions & showing that they never truly constituted a consensus, owing to the criticisms both internal & external to which they gave rise, the author shows that their application in Russia has resulted in new & scathing criticisms. The obsession with fighting inflation & the neglect of the microeconomic & institutional bases of any realistic macroeconomy has led to an economic disaster. The demonetarization of the Russian economy, & the extent & duration of the depression are, for the most part, the result of the implementation of economic policies directly inspired & influenced by the Washington Consensus. The existence of internal theoretical inconsistencies within the standard macroeconomic philosophy also explains the inability to correct the prescriptions once their negative effects have been discovered. 2 Tables, 6 Figures, 33 References. Adapted from the source document.