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Social-ecological systems research is interventionist by nature. As a subset of sustainability science, social-ecological systems research aims to generate knowledge and introduce concepts that will bring about transformation. Yet scientific concepts diverge in innumerable ways when they are put to work in the world. Why are concepts used in quite different ways to the intended purpose? Why do some appear to fail and others succeed? What do the answers to these questions tell us about the nature of science-society engagement, and what implications do they have for social-ecological systems research and sustainability science? This thesis addresses these questions from an interpretive perspective, focusing on the meanings that shape human actions. In particular, the thesis examines how meaning, interpretation and experience shape the enactment of four action-oriented sustainability concepts: adaptive management, biosphere reserves, biodiversity corridors and planetary boundaries/reconnecting to the biosphere. In so doing, the thesis provides in-depth empirical applications of three interpretive traditions – hermeneutic, discursive and dialogical – that together articulate a broadly interpretive approach to studying social-ecological complexity. In the hermeneutic tradition, Paper I presents a 'rich narrative' case study of a single practitioner tasked with enacting adaptive management in an Australian land management agency, and Paper II provides a qualitative multi-case study of learning among 177 participants in 11 UNESCO biosphere reserves. In the discursive tradition, Paper III uses Q-method to explore interpretations of 'successful' biodiversity corridors among 20 practitioners, scientists and community representatives in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. In the dialogical tradition, Paper IV reworks conventional understandings of knowledge-action relationships by using three concepts from contemporary practice theory – 'actionable understanding,' 'ongoing business' and the 'eternally unfolding present' – to explore the enactment of adaptive management in an Australian national park. Paper V explores ideas of human-environment connection in the concepts planetary boundaries and reconnecting to the biosphere, and develops an 'embodied connection' where human-environment relations emerge through interactivity between mind, body and environment over time. Overall, the thesis extends the frontiers of social-ecological systems research by highlighting the meanings that shape social-ecological complexity; by contributing theories and methods that treat social-ecological change as a relational and holistic process; and by providing entry points to address knowledge, politics and power. The thesis contributes to sustainability science more broadly by introducing novel understandings of knowledge-action relationships; by providing advice on how to make sustainability interventions more useful and effective; by introducing tools that can improve co-production and outcome assessment in the global research platform Future Earth; and by helping to generate robust forms of justification for transdisciplinary knowledge production. The interventionist, actionable nature of social-ecological systems research means that interpretive approaches are an essential complement to existing structural, institutional and behavioural perspectives. Interpretive research can help build a scientifically robust, normatively committed and critically reflexive sustainability science. ; At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.

Наиболее гибким финансовым инструментом в условиях экономической нестабильности для стимулирования развития российских компаний может выступить факторинг. Актуальность работы обусловлена имеющимися основными вопросами и проблемами по факторинговым операциям и их нормативному регулированию в бухгалтерском учете. Цель исследования состоит в совершенствовании операций финансирования по факторингу в бухгалтерском учете и разработке предложений по их улучшению у субъектов факторинговых отношений. Объектом исследования являются операции по факторингу, проводимые коммерческими организациями г. Барнаула и Алтайского края. Предметом уступки, под которую предоставляется финансирование в бухгалтерском учете, должны выступать строго не просроченные ликвидные денежные требования. По нашему мнению, факторинг финансовый продукт, включающий комплекс финансово-кредитных услуг, оказываемых банками или факторами. На основе анализа научной литературы и практики были сформированы пять признаков по договору факторинга, отличающих его от иных договоров в гражданском праве. Стоит отметить, что бухгалтерский учет по факторингу в банковском секторе наиболее совершенен чем у фирм факторов. Для улучшения регулирования операций по факторингу мы предлагаем следующее: разработать Федеральный закон «О факторинге», утвердить единые базовые правила по факторингу в бухгалтерском учете и отчетности, разработать единый план счетов для финансового агента, поставщика и покупателя, рассмотреть вопрос со стороны органов государственной власти с целью дальнейшего поддержания и развития факторинга в регионах. Для развития рынка факторинга в России необходимо увеличение льгот со стороны Правительства РФ по льготным ставкам и специальным программам. Материал расширит знания о факторинге, факторинговых операциях и их законодательном регулировании у участников сделки финансовых агентов, поставщиков, покупателей, производственных компаний г. Барнаула, Алтайского края, Сибирского федерального округа, других субъектов Российской Федерации. ; Factoring may act as the most flexible financial instrument under the conditions of economic instability and to stimulate the development of Russian companies. The research goal is to improve factoring financial transactions in accounting and to develop proposals concerning their improvement for factoring relations participants. The research targets are factoring operations conducted by the business entities in Barnaul and the Altai Region. In accounting, the assignment subject to receive financing should be undue liquid money claims. We believe factoring is a financial product containing a complex of finance and lending services rendered by banks or factors. Based on the analysis of research literature and practice, we formed five features of factoring agreement which distinguish it from other agreements in civil law. It should be mentioned that factoring accounting in banking sector is more complete than that in factor companies. To improve factoring operation regulation the following is proposed: to develop the Federal Law "On Factoring", to approve unified basic rules on factoring in accounting and recording, to develop a unified chart of accounts for financial representatives, providers and customers and to study the issue on the part of public authorities in order to further support and develop factoring in regions. To develop factoring market in Russia, it is necessary to increase benefits using reduced rates and specific programs on the part of the government. The data presented in this study will extend the knowledge about factoring, factoring operations and their legal framework and will be useful for financial representatives, providers, customers and production companies of Barnaul, the Altai Region, the Siberian Federal District and other entities of the Russian Federation.

Статья посвящена процессу становления банковского законодательства Российской Федерации в 1990-2000-е годы, раскрывается значение данного процесса в контексте формирования в России финансового рынка и общей стратегии социально-экономического развития страны. В статье дана характеристика содержания стратегических государственных программ развития банковского сектора и важнейших законодательных актов и нормативных документов Банка России, регулирующих деятельность кредитных организаций, показано взаимодействие государства и делового сообщества России в процессе формирования правовой базы банковского сектора. В 1990-е годы правовое регулирование банковского сектора осуществлялось в условиях социально-экономической трансформации страны, что осложняло процесс формирования и внедрения в практику ряда правовых норм банковской деятельности. С конца 1990-х годов корпус банковского законодательства России интенсивно пополнялся нормами права, стимулировавшими расширение спектра банковских услуг и внедрение новейших банковских технологий, утверждение российских кредитных организаций на мировом финансовом рынке. Ключевыми направлениями развития российского банковского законодательства становятся совершенствование правовых условий создания в стране благоприятного инвестиционного климата, развитие системы ипотечного кредитования, санация банковской системы и повышение ее качественных стандартов. Соответственно, повышалась роль Банка России в сфере мегарегулирования и контроля за деятельностью банков. Автор приходит к выводу, что переход к системной модернизации банковского законодательства в 2000-е годы явился важным компонентом повышения устойчивости и конкурентоспособности российской банковской системы, что позволило ей эффективно действовать в условиях западных финансовых санкций против России в 2014-2016 гг. ; Article is devoted to the process of formation of the banking legislation of the Russian Federation in 1990 -the 2000th, value of this process in the context of formation in Russia of the financial market and general strategy of social and economic development of the country reveals. The article gives the characteristic of contents of strategic state programs of development of the banking sector and the major acts and normative documents of the Bank of Russia regulating activity of credit institutions, shows interaction of the state and business community of Russia in the course of formation of legal base of the banking sector. In the 1990th legal regulation of the banking sector was carried out in the conditions of social and economic transformation of the country that complicated process of formation and introduction in practice of a number of precepts of law of bank activity. Since the end of the 1990th the case of the banking legislation of Russia was intensively replenished with the rules of law stimulating expansion of a range of banking services and introduction of the latest bank technologies, the statement of the Russian credit institutions in the world financial market. Improvement of legal conditions of creation in the country of favorable investment climate, development of system of mortgage lending, bailout of a banking system and increase its qualitative standards has become the key directions of development of the Russian banking legislation. Respectively the role of the Bank of Russia in the sphere of megaregulation and control of activity of banks raised. The author comes to a conclusion that transition to consistent modernization of the banking legislation in the 2000th was an important component of increase in stability and competitiveness of the Russian banking system that has allowed it to work effectively in the conditions of the western countries financial sanctions against Russia in 2014-2016.

Проблема борьбы с терроризмом и экстремизмом в России относится к числу наиважнейших ввиду того, что соблюдение и защита прав и свобод человека и гражданина является обязанностью государства (ст. 2 Конституции РФ). Конституцией Российской Федерации носителем суверенитета и единственным источником власти в государстве определен ее многонациональный народ, а также утверждено идеологическое многообразие, равенство перед законом религиозных и общественных объединений. Однако противоречия социального, экономического и правового характера, являющиеся следствием данного многообразия, равно как и попытки найти из них выход, остаются одной из насущных проблем мировой и отечественной современной политики.Терроризм в международном масштабе представляет собой мощнейшие структуры с присущим им оснащением и возможностью разрушения. К сожалению, современный терроризм способен вести войну и участвовать в вооруженных конфликтах. Терроризм превратился в весьма прибыльный бизнес глобального масштаба с собственным капиталом.В настоящее время достаточно активно происходит территориальное расширение террористической деятельности, более того, она приобретает более ожесточенный и изощренный характер. Террористические акты стали бесчеловечными, неуправляемыми и не поддающимися объяснению.Необходимость борьбы с экстремизмом и его крайней формой ‒ террористическими актами, в том числе и международного уровня, длительное время является актуальной для российского государства и особенно для его правоохранительных органов и представляет реальную угрозу национальной безопасности Российской Федерации. Рассматриваемая проблема заключается в том, что демократия должна обеспечить максимальные гарантии свободы мнений, собраний и объединений, в то же время защитив себя от сил, чья идеология эти принципы отрицает. Статья повествует о методах борьбы с проявлениями экстремизма и терроризма. ; The problem of combating terrorism and extremism in Russia is one of the most important due to the fact that respect for and protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen is the responsibility of the state (Art. 2 of the Constitution).Constitution of the Russian Federation, the bearer of sovereignty and the only source of power in the state defined by its multi-ethnic people, as well as approved by the ideological diversity, equality before the law, religious and public associations. However, the contradictions of social, economic and legal issues arising from this diversity, as well as trying to find a way out of them, are one of the urgent problems of modern world and domestic policy. Terrorism is an international scale is a powerful structure, with their equipment, and the possibility of failure. Unfortunately, modern terrorism is able to wage war and to participate in armed conflicts.Terrorism has become a very profitable business on a global scale with its own capital. Now there is a very active territorial expansion of terrorist activity, moreover, it is becoming more violent and sophisticated. The terrorist attacks have become inhuman, unmanageable and unexplained. The need to combat extremism and its extreme form terrorist acts, including the international level for a long time is relevant to the Russian state, and especially for its law enforcement officials, and represent a real threat to the national security of the Russian Federation.The problem under consideration is that democracy must provide maximum guarantees of freedom of opinion, assembly and association, at the same time, to protect themselves from the forces whose ideology denies these principles. The article tells about methods of struggle against extremism and terrorism.

Central Lampung Civil Service Police have carried out raids to enforce control. When the Central Lampung Civil Service Police enforced control, the traders could be disciplined, but when the Central Lampung Civil Service Police did not control them, the trade around Awning Baru started to flourish again.To control the New Awnings, the Central Lampung Civil Service Police already have a clear working mechanism, namely Central Lampung Regional Regulation Number 05 of 2010 concerning Public Order, Cleanliness and Beauty of Central Lampung, which regulates the prohibition of using public roads or sidewalks or on terraces. in front of shops / market buildings facing public roads for street vendors or other businesses, except at places determined / appointed by the Regent.In addition, the Decree of the Central Lampung Regent Number 7 of 2010 concerning the Arrangement and Empowerment of Street Vendors, can also be used as a working mechanism for the Central Lampung Civil Service Police to create and maintain a clean, beautiful, orderly, safe and comfortable environment in controlling the New Awnings.But so far the Central Lampung Civil Service Police are still difficult to control the Bandar Jaya Plaza New Awnings, although there are mechanisms that can be used to control the Bandar Jaya Plaza New Awnings such as the Central Lampung Regional Regulation Number 05 of 2010 and the Regent's Decree Central Lampung Number 7 of 2010.Based on this background, the researchers formulated the problem, namely: Is the working mechanism of the Civil Service Police in controlling the Bandar Jaya Plaza New Awnings in 2015 in accordance with the Regional Regulations? The purpose of this study: To determine the working mechanism of the Civil Service Police in controlling the new Awning Bandar Jaya Plaza 2015.Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, the researchers concluded that: 1) The Central Lampung Civil Service Police Unit in controlling the Bandar Jaya Plaza New Awnings has been equipped with an assignment letter to carry out the Bandar Jaya Plaza Regional Regulation Number 05 of 2010 concerning Public Order, Cleanliness. and the beauty of Central Lampung and the Decree of the Regent of Central Lampung Number: 48 / KPTS / D.II / 2014 concerning the Formation of the Transfer and Arrangement Team as well as the Security and Order Team for Street Vendors (PKL) from the Bandar Jaya Plaza Market to the New Awning. 2) To relocate traders from Pasar Bandar Jaya Plaza to Awning Baru, the Central Lampung Civil Service Police Unit has previously carried out a socialization which was carried out by giving out circulars to traders and carrying out communication and using megaphone loudspeakers. 3) The members of the Central Lampung Civil Service Police Unit before carrying out the control of the New Awnings are already equipped with expertise related to market control and can be applied in market control so that there is no significant disturbance in controlling the New Awnings because members of the Central Lampung Civil Service Police Unit act accordingly. with procedures and instructions from the leadership in controlling the New Awnings.

La lucha contra la pobreza es un objetivo común compartido por los principales actores políticos, empresariales y académicos del mundo. La pobreza es un fenómeno difícil de solucionar debido a su carácter complejo y multidimensional, razón por la cual existen muchas definiciones y maneras de medirla. En este contexto, el artículo, de naturaleza teórica y descriptiva, presenta la evolución del concepto de pobreza y proporcionar un marco de análisis y reflexión de los diversos enfoques de reducción contra la pobreza, poniendo especial interés en las propuestas elaboradas desde el campo de la administración y negocios por De Soto (2000) y Prahalad (2005). La complementariedad y la integralidad de los enfoques de desarrollo pueden ser una alternativa viable contra la pobreza, así como la participación y la vinculación de todos los actores y de los mismos pobres, con el fin de derrotar la pobreza y alcanzar el desarrollo. ; Poverty is a difficult phenomenon to solve due to its complex and multidimensional character, which is why there are many definitions and ways of measuring it. In this context, this paper has as a main goal to present a review of literature of the diverse focuses and models of reduction of poverty and to proportionate a framework of analysis and reflection for future investigations. Methodologically, the paper of literature review, which is of descriptive and theoretical nature, pays especial interest in the proposals developed by Hernando De Soto (2000) and C.K. Prahalad (2005), who illustrate hope to face an endemic problem in an international level. The richness of each focus (its complementarity and integrality) defies the Management of Business because puts in evidence its potential contribution to the fight against poverty. The main result demonstrates that endogenous models, in which poor people are protagonists in the process of reinsertion to development, require two strategies: access to the markets and valorization of its wealth. Poor people require more from market (more capitalism) than from social programs subsidized by the Government ; A pobreza é um fenômeno difícil de solucionar devido ao seu carácter complexo e multidimensional, motivo pelo qual existem muitas definições e maneiras de medi-las. Neste contexto, o presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a revisão de literatura dos diversos enfoques e modelos de redução da pobreza e proporcionar um marco de análise e reflexão para futuras pesquisas. Metodologicamente, o artigo de revisão de literatura, que é de natureza teórica e descritiva, põe especial interesse nas propostas elaboradas por Hernando De Soto (2000) e C. K. Prahalad (2005), os quais dão sinais de esperança frente a um problema endémico a nível mundial. A riqueza de cada enfoque -a sua complementaridade e integralidade- desafia à Administração de Negócios, pois põe em evidência a sua potencial contribuição na luta contra a pobreza. O resultado principal demonstra que os modelos endógenos, no qual os próprios pobres são os protagonistas no processo de se reinserir ao desenvolvimento, requerem duas estratégias: acesso aos mercados e valorização de seus patrimónios. Os pobres requerem de mais mercado (mais capitalismo) que de programas sociais subvencionados pelo Estado.

Рассмотрены основные правовые аспекты гарантий реализации права общего недропользования, предпринята попытка проанализировать и определить их формы обеспечения и специфические особенности. Выявлены недостатки правового регулирования данного вопроса и выяснены возможные пути их преодоления в действующем законодательстве ; Problem Setting. This article is dedicated to the characterization of the main legal aspects of general guarantees the right of subsoil use, attempts to analyze and determine their shape and provide specific features. Revealed shortcomings of legal regulation of this issue and investigate the possible ways to overcome existing gaps in legislation on this issue. The purpose of the article to find out the specifics on the research of legal regulation guarantees the right of public mineral resources. An essential condition to guarantee the unimpeded exercise of common mineral resources is its protection against real or potential threats due, firstly, depletion of subsoil, change their properties as a result of human activity that prevents free access to natural (mineral) properties of the mineral resources, and, Secondly, the establishment of restrictions or prohibitions subsoil in the implementation of the law. The current legislation of Ukraine does not reveal the legal nature of some of the important issues of subsoil use rights overall. There are still not investigated these questions in the science of law that affects the state and law-enforcement in general subsoil. Guaranteeing the rights of common mineral resources means legally defined as the ability of each or certain social groups require the State create a system of positive regulation of general relations subsoil, filling gaps in the regulatory and interim mechanism, removal of existing conflicts or unjustified restrictions on legal support. Conclusions. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the legislation provides a number of legal safeguards to ensure the exercise of common mineral resources. Right total mineral resources in view of the above, including giving legal enforceability of: 1) the use of subsoil and their natural (useful) properties that are within the generic use to meet vital needs: aesthetic, health, recreation, domestic and commercial, etc; 2) require the State from all businesses and individuals carry out their duties with the intended use and reproduction and protection of natural resources that are within the general right of subsoil use, to prevent such a state subsoil harmful impact on public health or the environment; 3) if necessary to apply for state and public protection of their violated rights. At the same time guarantees mentioned above can only be seen in the context of the common ways of subsoil users the rights or the rights of individuals to use natural resources in general terms. As a result, safeguards are not taken into account the general characteristics of the right of subsoil use, specific facility use. These circumstances weakens the effectiveness of the existing guarantees their ability to provide the necessary degree of protection and access to mineral resources and their useful properties that form the object of common mineral resources. Under these circumstances it seems appropriate, along with existing legal safeguards in the legislation to provide specific guarantees of the right common mineral resources

Background: The exposure of people and infrastructure to flood and storm related disasters across the world is increasing faster than vulnerability is decreasing. For people with non-communicable diseases this presents a significant risk as traditionally the focus of disaster management systems has been on immediate trauma and communicable diseases. This focus must now be expanded to include the management of non-communicable diseases because these conditions are generating the bulk of ill health, disability and premature death around the globe. When public health service infrastructure is destroyed or damaged access to treatment and care is severely jeopardised, resulting in an increased risk of non-communicable disease exacerbation or even death. This research proposes disaster responders, coordinators and government officials are vital assets to mitigate and eventually prevent these problems from being exacerbated during a disaster. This is due to their role in supporting the public health service infrastructure required to maximise treatment and care for people with non-communicable diseases. By focusing on the disaster cycle as a template, and on mitigation and prevention phases in particular, these actions and activities performed by disaster service responders will lead to overall improved preparedness, response, recovery and rehabilitation phases. Methods: Data were collected via 32 interviews and one focus group (eight participants) between March 2014 and August 2015 (total of 40 participants). The research was conducted in the State of Queensland, Australia, with disaster service providers. The analysis included the phases of: organizing data; data description; data classification; and interpretation. Results: The research found a relationship between the impact of a disaster on public health service infrastructure, and increased health risks for people with non-communicable diseases. Mitigation strategies were described for all phases of the disaster cycle impacting public health service infrastructure. Specific measures include: increasing the use of telemedicine; preplanning with medical suppliers; effective town planning; health professionals visiting evacuation centers; evacuation centers having power for medical equipment; hubs for treatment and care after a disaster; evacuation of high risk people prior to disaster; mapping people at risk by non-communicable disease; and a mechanism for sharing information between agencies. A common theme from the participants was that having accurate and easily accessible data on people with non-communicable diseases would allow disaster service providers to adequately prepare for and respond to a disaster. Conclusions: Disaster service providers can play a vital role in reducing the risk of disaster exacerbated non-communicable diseases through public health service infrastructure resilience. They are often employed in communities where disasters occur and are therefore best-placed to lead implementation of the mitigation strategies identified in this research. To sustainably implement the mitigation strategies they will need to become integrated into effective performance and monitoring of the disaster response and health sector during non-disaster periods. For this to occur, the strategies should be integrated into business and strategic plans. Achieving this will help implement the Sendia Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 and, most importantly, help protect the health of people with non-communicable diseases before, during and after a disaster.

The article analyzes the problem of strategic communications, which became especially popular in the past two decades. Initially it was seen mainly in the in scientific, political and business circles in the US and some European countries. Now starting to emerge in the regulatory and policy papers at various levels and in us that actually legitimizes this concept in Ukraine. Since there is no consensus on the definition of strategic communications, given their different interpretations, including systematic series of successive and coordinated activities undertaken at the strategic, operational and tactical levels and can understand the target audience, identifying effective channels to promote and support specific types of behaviour. In the article is considered the institutional dimension of the EU strategic communications. This is the specificity of strategic communications DAISH and Russia in the European information space, which should counteract some European StratСom operating in the Arabic and eastern regions of the European Neighbourhood Policy, analyzed the role of coordinator of EU to combat terrorism in the strategic communications EU. Attention is drawn to the need for more dialogue, cooperation and coordination between the EU and NATO on strategic communications. ; В статье анализируется проблема стратегических коммуникаций, которая стала особенно популярной в последние два десятилетия. Сначала она рассматривалась преимущественно в научных, политических и коммерческих кругах США и некоторых европейских стран. Сейчас начинает появляться в нормативных и аналитических документах различного уровня и у нас, что фактически делает это понятие легитимным в Украине. Поскольку не существует консенсуса по определению стратегических коммуникаций, представлены различные его трактовки, в частности: систематический ряд последовательных и согласованных мероприятий, проводимых на стратегическом, оперативном и тактическом уровнях, что позволяют понимать целевые аудитории, определяя эффективные каналы для продвижения и поддержки конкретных типов поведения. В статье рассматривается институциональный аспект стратегических коммуникаций ЕС. Речь идет о специфике стратегических коммуникаций ДАИШ и России в европейском информационном пространстве, которым должны противодействовать отдельные европейские СтратКомы, действующие в арабском и восточном регионах Европейской Политики Соседства. Анализируется роль координатора ЕС по борьбе с терроризмом в системе стратегических коммуникаций ЕС. Обращается внимание на необходимость расширения диалога, сотрудничества и координации действий ЕС с НАТО в стратегических коммуникациях ; У статті аналізується проблема стратегічних комунікацій, яка стала особливо популярною в останні два десятиліття. Спочатку вона розглядалася переважно у наукових, політичних і комерційних колах США та деяких європейських країн. Зараз починає з'являтися в нормативних та аналітичних документах різного рівня і у нас, що фактично легітимізує це поняття в України. Оскільки не існує консенсусу щодо визначення стратегічних комунікацій, подано їх різні трактування, зокрема систематичний ряд послідовних і узгоджених заходів, що проводяться на стратегічному, оперативному та тактичному рівнях і дозволяють розуміти цільові аудиторії, визначаючи ефективні канали для просування і підтримки конкретних типів поведінки. У статті розглядається інституціональний вимір стратегічних комунікацій ЄС. Йдеться про специфіку стратегічних комунікацій ДАІШ та Росії в європейському інформаційному просторі, яким мають протидіяти окремі європейські СтратКоми, що діють в арабському та східному регіонах Європейської Політики Сусідства, звертається увага на роль у системі стратегічних комунікацій ЄС координатора ЄС по боротьбі з тероризмом. Звертається увага на необхідність розширення діалогу, співробітництва та координації дій ЄС з НАТО щодо стратегічних комунікацій.

Сегодня актуальным становится вопрос о необходимости формирования механизмов и инструментов стимулирования эффективного взаимодействия хозяйствующих субъектов в рамках территориально-производственных кластеров. Прежде всего, это относится к реализации региональных программ инвестирования кластерных структур, созданию особых экономических зон, учреждению фондов поддержки кластерных инициатив и т. п. Однако, финансовые инструменты чаще всего в значительной степени разрозненны, формирование институциональной среды финансовой поддержки кластерной политики регионов находится на начальной стадии и нуждается в совершенствовании. Реализация финансовой поддержки территориальных комплексов предполагает развитие соответствующей инфраструктуры. В соответствии с Концепцией долгосрочного социально-экономического развития Российской Федерации на период до 2020 года государственная политика в отношении кластеров включает как финансовую поддержку кластерных инициатив, так и меры регулятивного характера, предполагающие формирование соответствующей институциональной среды и активизирующие в этом отношении деятельность региональных органов власти. Развитие кластерных инициатив в регионе предполагает установление не только новых форм взаимодействия в организационно-информационной, производственной и других сферах деятельности участников кластера, но и в отношении разработки финансовых механизмов стимулирования и реализации данных инициатив. В статье рассматриваются вопросы финансирования региональных территориальных комплексов-кластеров на примере Липецкой области; дается характеристика финансовых инструментов и подходы к их использованию. В целом для Липецкой области кластеризация является результатом проецирования закономерностей современного прогрессивного развития промышленности региона, стратегия кластеризации нацелена на достижение объединяющего и единого стратегического видения будущего экономического пространства региона. ; Today, the question of the need to create mechanisms and instruments to promote effective interaction between business entities within the regional industrial clusters becomes more urgent. First of all, this relates to the implementation regional programs of the investment the cluster structures, the creation of special economic zones, the establishment of funds for support of cluster initiatives, and so on. However, the financial instruments largely scattered, the formation of the institutional environment financial support cluster policy areas located at an early stage and needs to be improved. Implementation of the financial support of the territorial complexes assumes development of an appropriate infrastructure. In accordance with the Concept of Long-Term Socio-Economic Development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020, government policy on cluster includes both financial support for cluster initiatives as well measures of a regulatory nature, suggesting the formation of an appropriate institutional environment and activating in this respect the activities of regional authorities. Development of cluster initiatives in the region suggests not only the establishment of new forms of cooperation in organizational and informational, industrial and other spheres of activity of cluster members, but also on the development of financial mechanisms incentives and for the implementation of these initiatives. The article deals with the question financing of the regional territorial complexes-clusters on the example of the Lipetsk region; it describes the financial instruments and approaches to their use. In general, for the Lipetsk region, clustering is the result of the projection patterns of the modern progressive development of the region's industry, cluster strategy aims to achieve a unifying and a single strategic vision for the future of economic space in the region.

Introduction. As unsatisfied current state of labour market functioning causes instable and social tensity, the necessity of socio- psychological research and analysis of labour market as an institution of socialization, as well as forming, considering the identified specific features of innovative approaches to subject of government control to the process its regulation, appear. Purpose. The purpose of the article is making a theoretical methodological analysis of current labour market state as a social institution, and also determining and analyzing the main functions considering the specificity of domestic society. Methods. Formal-logical method is used to determine the basic concepts, such as the concept of a system of socio-psychological researches of the social institution; monographic and comparative methods - to systematize scientific approaches to building economic security of certain types of financial institutions; method of theoretical generalization - to create a list of elements of the system of economic security of financial institutions; ordering method - to create a list of factors influencing the formation of a system of economic security of financial institutions and the principles of its construction. It is established that the labour market is a social and organized institution that operates on the principles of compatibility, agreement and equivalence. The type and the main features of the labour market in Ukraine are defined. The level of unemployment for the period of 2004-2014 years is analyzed as a determinant of the labour market quality. Reproductive, communicative, regulative, adaptive, compatible, differential, social, hedonistic and productive functions of the labour market as a social institution is considered. The disfunctions are found and their possible causes are named. Originality. We describe the functioning of the organization a new for Ukraine prospective structure of the labour market called "Career Center". The ideology, the goals, the objectives, the key areas of work centers is defined. The tasks in areas and ways of their implementation are concretized. The prospects for further researches in the development of concepts and measures for optimization of state influence on the functioning of the labour market as a full-fledged social institution are laid. Conclusion. The institutional crisis of the labour market in Ukraine shows that the labour market as a social institution doesn't perform any social order and doesn't correspond to the features of civil society and constitutional state.It is accompanied by the decline of the state authority, the negative assessment of its activities and the regress of other social institutions such as economy and education. The recent areas of the labour market as a social institution growth are recognized in updating and creating new structures, based on the European experience, that provide an effective conduction of the functions of young socialization in Ukrainian society. Such structures must become the platforms of constant interaction between business and universities and also to have the support of the state. The prospects for the further research are based on the development of the concepts and measures for optimizing the state's influence on the labour market functioning as an adequate social institution.

Целью данной статьи является исследование экономической си-туации в региональном аспекте. Задачи исследования: анализ аль-тернатив развития и прогноз на ближайшие перспективы. Внешне-экономические отношения на данный момент в глобальном масштабе характеризуются нестабильным состоянием. Санкции на ввоз в Рос-сию сельскохозяйственной продукции, сырья и продовольствия для таких стран, как Австралия, Канада, Норвегия, США и ЕС, серьезно влияют на развитие экономики стран, присоединившихся к антирос-сийским санкциям. Ответом России на санкции, по нашему мнению, может стать реиндустриализация экономики, которая должна быть направлена на защиту инвесторов, борьбу с коррупцией, улучшение делового климата. Изменение международных рейтингов не грозит российским банкам и предприятиям сиюминутными потерями. Впро-чем, не исключено, что изменение рейтингов будет использовано для удорожания кредитных траншей, а не для полного их блокирования. Для снижения рисков российской экономики со стороны возможного принудительного сокращения объемов зарубежных инвестиций Мин-фин и Минэконразвития уже пообещали как банкам, так и нефинан-совым организациям осуществить ряд мер государственной поддерж-ки. То, о чем постоянно только говорилось из года в год: снижение топливно-сырьевой зависимости, развитие высокотехнологичной промышленности, производство импортозамещающих товаров, се-годня стало единственным условием решения современных проблем и залогом дальнейшего развития России. И решать эти задачи пред-стоит не с расчетом на отдаленную перспективу, а в конкретно ви-димые сроки, в течение ближайших 3-4 лет.The purpose of the study is the research of economic situation in region-al aspect. Research problems are analysis of alternatives of development and forecast for the near-term outlook. Foreign economic relations at the moment on a global scale are characterized by unstable condition. Sanctions on the import into Russia of agricultural products, raw materials and food for countries such as Australia, Canada, Norway, the US and the EU, seri-ously affect the development of the economies of the countries which joined anti-Russian sanctions. Reindustrialization of the economy which has to be directed on the protection of investors, fight against corruption, improve-ment of business climate can become the answer of Russia to sanctions, in our opinion. Change of the international ratings does not threaten Russian banks and the enterprises with momentary losses. However, it is not exclud-ed that the change of ratings will be used for rise in price of credit trenches, but not for their full blocking. To reduce the risks of Russian economy from possible forced reduction of foreign investment, the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of economic development promised both to banks and non-financial companies to implement a number of measures of the state sup-port. About what it was only told constantly from a year in go, the decrease in fuel and raw dependence, the development of the high technological in-dustry, the production of import-substituting goods became the only condi-tion of the solution of modern problems and pledge of further development of Russia today. And it is necessary to solve these problems not thinking about the remote prospect, but in specifically visible terms, within the next 3-4 years.

Wilayah pesisir Lamongan memiliki potensi sumberdaya alam yang melimpah salah satunya adalah hutanmangrove, hutan mangrove memiliki berbagai macam manfaat sehingga perlu dikelola dengan baik agartidak hilang termakan oleh pembangunan dan industrialisasi di wilayah pesisir. Upaya untuk melindungihutan mangrove adalah dengan mengadakan kegiatan pengawasan. Dinas yang terkait dalam pengelolaanmangrove di Lamongan adalah Dinas Pertanian dan Kehutanan, Dinas Perikanan dan Kelautan sertaBadan Lingkungan Hidup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami bagaimana bentukpengawasan hutan mangrove yang dilakukan Pemerintah Kabupaten Lamongan di wilayah pesisirKabupaten Lamongan, dan untuk memahami efektivitas pengawasan yang dilakukan PemerintahKabupaten Lamongan dalam mengawasi hutan mangrove di wilayah pesisir Lamongan. Metode yangdigunakan adalah penelitian hukum sosiologis atau empiris. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakanteknik wawancara dan studi dokumen. Wawancara dilakukan dengan informan dari Dinas Pertanian danKehutanan, Dinas Perikanan dan Kelautan, Badan Lingkungan Hidup dan Pengabdi Lingkungan(KAPAL) yang berada di Kabupaten Lamongan, sedangkan studi dokumen dilakukan melalui data tertulisdengan menganilisa isinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk pengawasan yang digunakanoleh dinas terkait adalah pengawasan preventif dan pengawasan represif, pengawasan preventif berupaperizinan lingkungan, dan pengawasan represif berupa patroli laut yang dilaksanakan oleh kawasanpesisir Lamongan. Pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh dinas terkait dalam mengawasi hutan mangrove diwilayah pesisir Kabupaten Lamongan sudah efektif, hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya peningkatan luasmangrove di pesisir Lamongan dan juga ketaatan penanggung jawab usaha/kegiatan serta masyarakat,namun dalam pelaksanaan pengelolaan masih terdapat hambatan kelembagaan yaitu tidak adanyakoordinasi antar instansi dalam melaksanakan pengawasan.Kata Kunci: Efektivitas, Pengawasan, Hutan Mangrove, Wilayah Pesisir, Pemerintah KabupatenLamonganAbstractThe coastal area of Lamongan has abundant natural resources one of which is a mangrove forest,mangrove forest has a whole range of benefits that need to be managed properly to avoid losing consumedby development and industrialization in coastal areas. Efforts to protect the mangrove forests is to conductsurveillance activities. Department involved in the management of mangroves in Lamongan is theDepartment of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources and theEnvironment Agency. The purpose of this study were to understand how the shape of the mangrove forestmonitoring by the Government of Lamongan in Lamongan coastal areas, and to understand theeffectiveness of the oversight conducted Lamongan District Government in overseeing the mangroveforests in the coastal region of Lamongan.The method used is a sociological or empirical research. Datacollected by using interviews and document study. Interviews were conducted with informants from theDepartment of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs, the EnvironmentAgency and Environmental Servant (KAPAL) located in Lamongan, whereas studies conducted throughthe data document written by contents analysis.The result showed that the form of supervision used byrelated department is preventive supervision and supervision repressive, preventive supervision oflicensing environment, and supervision repressive of naval patrol exercised by coastal areasLamongan.That supervision by related department in control mangrove forests in coastal areas districtLamongan is effective, it is proven with an increase in broad mangrove in coastal Lamongan and alsoobedience responsible for business activity/and society, but in the management of institutional stillobstacles and coordination among agencies in carry out surveillance.Keywords : Effectiveness , Supervision , Mangrove Forests , Coastal Areas, the Government ofLamongan

The study was conducted primarily to analyze the financial aspects if the value chain of selected carabao dairy products in Laguna by determining their credit needs, factors offering credit demanded and the supply of credit. Using simple random sampling, a total of 15 farmers and three processors from selected municipalities in Laguna, particularly Magdalena, Pagsanjan, Lumban, Sta. Cruz, and Calauan were interviewed. Descriptive analysis and regression analysis were the analytical tools used in the study. The operating capital of the farmers and processors amounted to PhP1, 674.95 and PhP7, 379.02 per 100 liters of raw milk, respectively. The farmers had lower capital investment amounting to PhP69, 664 as compared to the processor-respondents with PhP65, 110. The income of the farmers amounted to PhP7, 639.31 per 100 liters of raw milk. This includes the net income from farming business and other income of the whole household. The processors had an average income of PhP5, 632.18 per 100 liters of raw milk. Despite having other sources of income and incentives given by government institutions, credit is still needed by the actors in the chain to finance their expenses. The average credit need of the farmers was PhP 2893.14 and PhP 1688.49 for the processors. The factors affecting the amount of credit needed by the farmers were also identified in the study through linear regression. The explanatory variables that were considered are capital investment, farm expenditure, household size, farm size, years in farming, and number of milking carabaos. Only the number of milking carabaos was negatively related to the amount of credit needed by the farmers. Farmers tend to borrow from other actors of the chain specifically their processors whereas the processors borrowed from an informal source. The farmers and processors borrowed in cash. The loan availed by the farmer ranged from PhP2000-PhP35, 000 which was used for their household expenses and capital investment. For the processors, it amounted to PhP 80, 000 which was used for their operating expenses. The cost of credit of the processors (PhP 206) was higher than the farmers (PhP52, 03) per PhP1000 of loan since it was borrowed from an informal source. The major problems encountered by farmers were the low milk yield especially during dry season and diseases. This can be indirectly related to financial problems since the low supply of milk can mean lesser amount of income that can be used to finance the expenses of the framers. This also affects the processors since the low supply of raw milk from the framers limit their expansion. Moreover, the other problem raised by the processors was the high interest rate. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that continuous support by the government should be made available to the actors in the chain. Furthermore, financing intervention should not only be applied to the production side, but it should benefit every segment of the chain to help actors of the chain and the whole industry to expand.

Coffee (Coffea sp.) is considered as one of the high value crops grown in the Philippines. The varieties that are commercially produced in the country are Arabica, Robusta, Excelsa and Liberica. The study analyzes the credit needs of coffee farmers in Amadeo, Cavite. In particular, the study aimed to: (a) determine the source of income of coffee farmers (b) determine the financial performance of coffee farms (c) determine the currents source of financing (d) determine the amount of financial requirements to be sourced out and (e) analyze the problems encountered in meeting the financial requirement. A total of 100 farmers were randomly selected in the top four coffee producing barangays in Amadeo namely: Banay-banay, Halang, Dagatan and Bucal. Demographic and socio-economic information, sources of capital, capital investment for farming, coffee yield, and farm costs were gathered. Descriptive statistics such as summations, average, and percentages were used to give a general overview. Based from the survey conducted, 63 percent of the farmers rely solely on farming as their livelihood and source of income aside from coffee farming such as being a government employee, non-government worker and business owner, to have a more stable monthly income to provide for his family. On the other hand, in order to determine the financial performance of the coffee farms, profitability and capital position were measured and tabulated. Results showed that the total cost of the farmer-respondent was Php 26, 236.00 while his average total returns amounted to Php 27, 691.70. The average net return is Php 1,455.70 with a 5.55% ROI. Based from the financial ratios, it was then found that in terms of current ratio, only 75 percent of its current liabilities can be paid from its current assets and it justifies the reason for credit need of coffee farmers in Amadeo. The identified current sources of financing were traders, relatives, neighbors, and cooperatives. It was It was found that most 58% of the farmers borrowed capital from traders due to a credit tie-up between the two that gave farmers easy access and availability of credit. On the other hand, the farmer respondents do not go to formal sectors to borrow capital because they have the fear of not being able to comply with the requirements, interest rates and repayment schemes. Meanwhile, the amount of the financial requirement is Php 7, 642.50 and it is determined through a cash flow based from their last production (December 2014-February 2015). The problems encountered in the study were categorized into two namely production and credit availment. It was found that the productivity of the old coffee trees that aged 40 to 60 years is low and needs to be rejuvenated in order to maximize yield. In terms of credit availment, the distance of borrowers to lenders was the leading hindrance. Both production and financial aspect are affected because these problems hamper the efficiency and productivity of the coffee farms. Coffee farming is still profitable if there is maximized input, other capital investments and additional capita made available in order for farmers to avail productivity-enhancing technology and other innovations.