Suchergebnisse

Spain recognizes certain legislative autonomy in their Autonomous Communities for the execution of legislation but anti-discrimination legislation is an exclusive task of the central Government. However, some Autonomous Communities have strategies or plans for the equality of women and men that serve the objective of promoting equality at the local level (for instance Andalucía, Galicia and Catalonia). Moreover, some Autonomous Communities establish benefits such as subsidies for the contracting of women, for childcare etc. Residences for the elderly and small children are also supported, in whole or in part, by the Autonomous Communities. The scope of these subsidies is different in each Autonomous Community although, in general, the economic crisis has led to a decline in this respect. Some municipalities also invest in measures for equality between men and women, for example by means of childcare services, training workshops for women, etc ; España reconoce cierta autonomía legislativa en sus Comunidades Autónomas para la ejecución de la legislación, pero la legislación contra la discriminación es una tarea exclusiva del Gobierno central. Sin embargo, algunas comunidades autónomas tienen estrategias o planes para la igualdad de mujeres y hombres que sirven al objetivo de promover la igualdad a nivel local (por ejemplo, Andalucía, Galicia y Cataluña). Además, algunas comunidades autónomas establecen prestaciones como subvenciones para la contratación de mujeres, para el cuidado de los hijos, etc. Las residencias para ancianos y niños pequeños también reciben apoyo, en su totalidad o en parte, de las Comunidades Autónomas. El alcance de estas subvenciones es diferente en cada Comunidad Autónoma aunque, en general, la crisis económica ha provocado un retroceso en este sentido. Algunos municipios también invierten en medidas para la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres, por ejemplo, mediante servicios de guardería, talleres de formación para mujeres, etc.

French sports federations have developed without any state intervention. They had their own prerogatives to organize competitions in their respective sporting discipline. By virtue of their association status, they were entirely governed by private law. However, following a decision taken in 1974 by the Board of State confirming the existence of a public service delegated to the federal structure, the legislation gradually devote the principle of granting their prerogatives by the Ministry of Sports through two acts: the ministerial approval and delegation of public service. Since the issuance of these acts is synonymous powers recognized federations by state law and that the delegation leads to publicize their legal status, this study aims to establish the content of the framework of federal prerogatives. The ministerial approval and the delegation lead for the federations beneficiaries, various constraints to supervise their operations and which tend to reduce their autonomy. It is about a frame of textual nature, contained within the legislation. Although these legal requirements are uniformly applicable to these federations, the attribution of their powers by the Sports Ministry is heterogeneous. The examination of this ministerial frame, apprehended notably through its interventionist policy towards disciplines of kickboxing, led to consider its uncertainties and the tracks of a reform of its legal framework. ; Les fédérations sportives françaises se sont développées en dehors de toute intervention étatique. Elles disposaient alors de prérogatives propres en vue de l'organisation des compétitions de leur discipline sportive. Il découlait de leur statut associatif qu'elles étaient entièrement régies par le droit privé. Néanmoins, à partir d'une jurisprudence du Conseil d'Etat de 1974 entérinant l'existence d'un service public délégué aux structures fédérales, le législateur consacrera progressivement le principe de l'octroi de leurs prérogatives par le ministère chargé des sports au travers de deux actes : ...

The article deals with the issues of the standard regulation of punishment as servicerestriction for military necessity towards different categories of the military who servecontract and conscription service in the context of the change of the state's legal order.With advent of of the danger for the state independence of Ukraine, real threats to itsterritorial integrity, the necessity of calling to limited mobilization, there emerged someissues on standard regulation of the called to mobilization during the special periodpersons' status. Introducing the new type of serving the duty was one of the steps. It wasneglected in issues of the standard regulation of the punishments, which can be appliedto different categories of the military. The author payed her attention to the topicality ofsuch a research. The necessity of the implementation of the restrictions for the categoryof the contract service military with the corresponding restrictions towards othercategories of military has been grounded. With the change of the state's legal order itsusage is defined only as a possibility of such implementation. ; В статье исследуются вопросы необходимости правового регулированиянаказания в виде служебных ограничений для военнослужащих различных ка-тегорий, проходящих военную службу по контракту и по призыву, в связи с из-менением правового положения в государстве. С возникновением опасности длягосударственной независимости Украины, реальных угроз ее территориальнойцелостности, необходимостью проведения частичной мобилизации возникливопросы правового урегулирования статуса лиц, призванных по мобилизации, наособый период. Одним из шагов стало введение нового вида военной службы. Этоосталось без внимания законодателя в вопросах правового регулирования наказа-ний, применяемых к различным категориям военнослужащих. Автором обращеновнимание на актуальность такого исследования. Обоснована необходимость реа-лизации наказания в виде служебных ограничений для категории военнослужащих,проходящих военную службу по контракту, с соответствующими ограничениямидля других категорий военнослужащих. ; У статті досліджено питання необхідності правового врегулювання по-карання у виді службових обмежень для військовослужбовців різних категорій, якіпроходять військову службу за контрактом та призовом, у зв'язку зі зміноюправового становища в державі. З виникненням небезпеки для державноїнезалежності України, реальних загроз її територіальній цілісності, необхідністюпроведення часткової мобілізації постали питання правового врегулювання ста-тусу осіб, призваних за мобілізацією, на особливий період. Одним із кроків сталозапровадження нового виду проходження військової служби. Це залишилося позаувагою законодавця в питаннях правового регулювання покарань, що можуть за-стосовуватися до різних категорій військовослужбовців. Автором звернутоувагу на актуальність такого дослідження. Обґрунтовано необхідність реалізаціїпокарання у виді службових обмежень для категорії військовослужбовців, які про-ходять військову службу за контрактом, з відповідними обмеженнями щодо іншихкатегорій військовослужбовців.

Political attacks against scientists and scientific research are nothing new, though the Trump Administration appears to have increased both the breadth and the depth of such attacks. What is new, it seems, are attacks on science that are not in service of protecting any identifiable regulated industry. Under the Trump Administration, the attacks on science are more systemic, and aimed more at reducing scientific capacity in the federal government, rather than mere one-off policy interventions to help an individual industry. This Article suggests that the Trump Administration, more than previous administrations, has sought to use science as part of a political culture war, reviving a populist suspicion of intellectuals that has a long and cyclical history in American culture. This current episode of anti-intellectualism, while targeting social science as past episodes have, has also uniquely targeted the biological and physical sciences, the difference being that findings in these fields are more firmly grounded in empirical fact than in the social sciences. The Trump Administration's attacks on science, writ larger, are non-epistemic in nature, seeking to build an ideology of hostility to science. This strategy builds upon a decades-long and continuing misinformation campaign to discredit climate scientists but goes further and seeks to portray scientists as part of the "deep state" that is conspiring to victimize Americans. To be sure, federal funding for most research unrelated to industry regulation remains robust, even higher in some programs. But a manufactured suspicion of "regulatory science" (relating to industry regulation) has begun to bleed ominously over into policy arenas completely outside of regulation. The Trump Administration's policy meanderings to deal with the COVID-19 crisis are emblematic of a growing and systemic subjugation of science to political objectives, ones that can be bizarrely unscientific. A number of cultural, political, and economic factors contribute to this latest resurgence of anti-intellectualism, one with a unique animus towards the hard sciences. A restoration of endangered and broken societal norms governing the advancement of science will require vigorous enforcement of federal administrative laws but will also require the development of government policies that address the cultural, political, and economic roots of this latest crisis of science.

Purpose
This theme will be addressed through main points: Special Nature of Investment Disputes and its methods of peaceful settlement. International legal framework governing Arbitration in investment disputes: A. Multilateral legal framework. B. Bilateral legal framework/Investment promotion and protection agreementsTypes of arbitration in investment disputes. The Egyptian experience in investment disputes arbitration. The National legal framework. Egypt on the map of investment disputes in the world. A case study. Conclusion: Results related to the legal framework regulating investment disputes in Egypt. Results related to The arbitration cases against Egypt.


Design/methodology/approach
The researcher investigates the subject of international arbitration in investment disputes in the framework of voluntary theory, which is based on the premise that the satisfaction of people who are addressing the international legal norm is the basis of the same rule. In other words, the basis of international law is based on the satisfaction of the State and other international legal persons Both, and then express or implied consent.


Findings
Despite the availability of domestic and regional arbitration mechanisms in Egypt represented by a large number of cases.


Research limitations/implications
The theme for the study primarily on Egypt and the international arbitration of investment disputes, through theoretical and practical study of disputes arbitration which Egypt is a party defendant in which to focus on what was issued in which the provisions of the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes, in an attempt to find out the reasons for the verdicts image released it, where it came mostly against Egypt, and whether these judgments against them in investment disputes due to reasons related to the legal framework of the arbitration process, or for reasons of bodies of arbitration issued by those provisions, or to the defense, which represents the Egyptian party, or to the circumstances Economic and political (which represents the investment climate).


Originality/value
The proposed solutions to improve the conditions and factors surrounding the arbitration disputes that Egypt is waging against foreign investors, whether they are initially alleged or accused of drafting agreements and contracts, through amending the relevant legislation and laws, selecting arbitration bodies and defense bodies.

В статье рассматриваются дискуссионные вопросы теории международного трудового права. Автор анализирует и сопоставляет различные подходы к определению правовой природы отрасли международного трудового права. Обосновывается авторское определение данной отрасли, дается характеристика структуры предмета, особенности метода и норм международного трудового права. ; This article discusses the controversial questions of the theory of international labor law. The author analyzes and compares different approaches to the definition of the legal nature of the industry of international labor law (public, private or private-public). The author insists on the public nature of international labor law. In the article the author's definition of the industry, are characteristic of the structure of the object, the method of characteristics and rules of international labor law. In the structure of the subject area of international labor law are the two main groups of international relations: 1) international relations for the adoption of (setting) of the international legal instruments on work, containing international standards for labor rights and international law rules, and 2) the international relations of international verification of compliance data international legal instruments, the consideration of international legal disputes in the workplace. International relations as a subject of international labor law are recognized as public relations, where one of the parties is always the subject of public international law that accepts the norms of international law and ensure their compliance with international legal means. These relations are formed on the setting of international standards for labor rights, international conflict of laws rules, and enforce them (security) international legal means. The article raises the issue of atypical subjects of international labor law. Method of legal regulation of the industry is characterized by participation of the social partners (international organizations of workers and employers) in accepting the application of international labor law and social security law, as well as monitoring their compliance. Private international labor law is regarded as a complex industry legislation, combining international standards and national legal systems in order to regulate international labor relations, complicated by a foreign element.

Este estudio aborda el tema de las califi caciones que los estatutos
de las Regiones italianas y de las Comunidades autónomas dan a sus respectivos
ordenamientos.
La materia se encuadra en el contexto (de teoría general, de semántica jurídica
y de Derecho comparado) que se refi ere al titular de las califi caciones: la pregunta
de establecer que cosa es un ente incumbe tanto a la doctrina como al legislador.
En el tema de la descentralización, la naturaleza federal, descentralizada, unitaria,
etc. del Estado normalmente es declarada por la Constitución, pero no siempre
la doctrina se muestra de acuerdo con los adjetivos utilizados.
A menudo, las fórmulas utilizadas por las Constituciones son usadas también
por los entes periféricos (Estados miembros, Regiones, Cantones, Comunidades
autónomas, etc.), pero no siempre en absoluta concordancia. A veces, por razones
políticas, en la periferia se acentúan algunas características (el carácter de nación,
de comunidad histórica, etc.) En el casoo de Italia y de España, en general, las
defi niciones y las fórmulas constitucionales circulan de arriba a abajo y horizontalmente,
con procesos imitativos difusos, y por lo demás, los entes periféricos
renuncian a califi car los entes con adjetivos no usados por las respectivas Constituciones
(por ejemplo, soberano), a pesar de la fuerza cultural que una calificación
podría tener en sede política y jurídica/interpretativa.
Azterlan honetan, Italiako eskualdeek eta autonomia-erkidegoetako
estatutuek bakoitzak bere ordenamenduei ematen dien kalifi kazioak landuko
ditugu.
Kalifi kazioen titularrari buruzko testuinguruan kokatu behar da lana, hots, teoria
orokorra, semantika juridikoa eta zuzenbide alderatua: entea zer den jakiteko
galdera doktrina berari dagokio, legelariari bezainbeste.
Estatuaren deszentralizazioa, edo izaera federala, deszentralizatua, unitarioa
eta abar dela-eta, hori guztia normalean konstituzioak izendatzen du, baina doktrina
ez da beti bat etortzen erabilitako adjektiboekin.
Askotan, konstituzioek erabiltzen dituzten formula horiek berak erabiltzen dituzte
ente periferikoek ere (estatu kideek, eskualdeek, kantoiek, autonomia-erkidegoek...),
baina ez erabateko konkordantziaz beti. Batzuetan, arrazoi politikoak direla-eta, zenbait
bereizgarri askoz gehiago nabarmentzen dira periferian (nazio izaera, komunitate
historiko izatea, etab.). Italiaren eta Espainiaren kasuan, orokorrean, defi nizio
eta formula konstituzionalak goitik behera eta horizontalean mugitzen dira, imitaziozko
prozesu lausokoekin; gainerakoan, ente periferikoek uko egiten diote bakoitzaren
konstituzioan ageri ez diren adjektiboei, enteak kalifi katzeko orduan (adibidez,
subirano adjektiboari), nahiz kalifi kazio horrek indar kultural handia izan politikan eta
epaitegietan nahiz interpretatzeko orduan.
This study deals with the topic of the denomination given to their
respective legal orders by Statutes from the Italian Regions and the Spanish Autonomous
Communities. The subject is framed within the context (of general
theory, legal semantics and comparative law) which refers to whom gives the denomination:
the question about establishing what an entity is both scholar¿s and
legislators¿s bussiness. In the fi eld of descentralization, the State¿s federal, decentralized
or united nature is usually proclaimed by the Constitution, but scholars do
not always agree with those adjectives.
The expressions often used by the Constitutions are also used by periferic entities
(Member states, Regions, Cantons, Autonomous Communities, etc.) although
with not absolute concordance. Sometimes, some features are stressed in the periphery
(the characteristic of nation, historical community, etc.) because of political
reasons.
As for the Italian and Spanish examples, in general, defi nitions and constitutional
expressions work vertical and horizontally, with difuse imitative procedures,
and apart from that peripherical entities relinquish to use adjetives not used by
their own respective Constitutions (for instance, sovereign) despite the cultural
impetus an adjective might hold from a political and legal/interpretative point of
view.

I. Državni savjet vrši međunarodno djelovanje na unutarnje pravo kako bi se uskladilo s međunarodnom normom i kako bi vodilo računa o stranim pravima. A. Državni savjet kontrolira sukladnost francuskog prava s međunarodnom normom u skladu s modalitetima koji se dalje razvijaju. 1. Državni savjet kontrolira suglasnost nacionalnog prava s međunarodnom normom u preventivnom i kurativnom smislu. 2. Modaliteti kontrole se dalje razvijaju. B. Državni savjet promiče uključivanje stranih prava u nacionalno pravo, što može proizlaziti iz imperativa u pogledu sukladnosti s međunarodnom normom, ali i nadilaziti ga. 1. Državni savjet uzima u obzir strana prava u nastavku kontrole konvencionalnosti koju provodi. 2. Državni savjet promiče otvorenost prema stranim pravima što nadilazi zahtjeve u pogledu konvencionalnosti. II. Državni savjet širi ambiciju međunarodnog utjecaja tako obnovljenog francuskog prava i promiče uvođenje značajnih akcijskih sredstava. A. Državni savjet treba osigurati vlastiti utjecaj, ali naročito, namjerava pridonijeti utjecaju Francuske na međunarodnoj pravnoj sceni. 1. Državni savjet treba osigurati vlastiti utjecaj na međunarodnoj pravnoj sceni. 2. Državni savjet namjerava pridonijeti utjecaju Francuske na međunarodnoj pravnoj sceni. B. Državni savjet promiče uvođenje akcijskih sredstava na međunarodnoj pravnoj sceni koji se odnose na kvalitete nacionalnog prava i njihovog promicanja u drugim pravnim sustavima. 1. Državni savjet djeluje u korist poboljšanja kvalitetâ nacionalnog prava. 2. Državni savjet podržava promicanje nacionalnog prava u drugim pravnim sustavima. Međunarodno djelovanje Državnog savjeta temelji se na jasnoj svijesti o njegovom ulogu: doprinos dijalogu između pravnih sustava, odnosno o učenju od drugih i o prepoznatljivosti. Ovi "Dani" su plod suradnje između političkih vlasti, upravnih sudova i sveučilišta, koja je potrebna našim dvjema zemljama i koja je, općenito, toliko potrebna svijetu. Ovih prvih deset godina postavilo je temelje bogatog i plodnog odnosa kojeg sada trebamo njegovati. ; The State Council acts internationally on domestic law in order to harmonise with international norms in order to take into account foreign laws. The State Council controls the harmonisation of French Law with international norms pursuant to the modalities which are still developing. 1. The State Council controls the consent of national law with international norms in the preventative and curative sense 2. Modalities of control are still developing. B. The State Council promotes including foreign law in national law which can emerge from the imperative regarding harmonisation with international norms and also surpass it. 1. The Sate Council takes into account foreign law in continuing to control the conventionalities it implements. 2. The State Council promotes openness towards foreign laws which surpasses demands regarding conventionality. II. The State Council spreads both the ambition of international influence of revised French Law and promotes the introduction of more significant action means. A. The State Council must ensure its own influence and especially intends to contribute to the influence of France on the international legal scene 1. The State Council needs to ensure its own influence on the international legal scene. 2. The State Council intends to contribute to the influence of France on the international legal scene. B. The State Council promotes the introduction of action means into the international legal scene which relate to the quality of national law and their promotion in other legal systems 1. The State Council acts to improve the quality of national law. 2. The State Council supports the promotion of national law in other legal systems. International activity of the State Council is founded on a clear consciousness of its contribution: contribution to dialogue between legal systems, that is, on learning from others and on recognisability. These "Days" are the fruit of cooperation between political powers, administrative courts and universities which are necessary for our two countries and which in general are necessary to the world. These first ten years have established the foundation for a rich and fruitful relationship which we today must nurture

The legitimacy of international tax law has been taken for granted for a long time. The approval of double tax treaties in national parliaments would guarantee the democratic foundation of this field of law. However, changes in society have significantly affected international tax law. Allocation rules to avoid juridical double taxation are complemented with increasingly substantive norms that have a significant impact on national taxing systems. Is the democratic legitimacy of modern international tax law as self-evident as assumed? Current international discussions, e.g. on base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS), clearly illustrate that this is a topic that requires attention. This book demonstrates that there is a strong need to reconsider the structures for democratic international tax governance in the 21st century. The purpose of this study is not only to assess the legitimacy of contemporary international tax law, but also to find ways to improve it. The book focuses on two constitutive elements of this legitimacy: the democratic underpinnings of the legal framework of international tax law and the contribution of social-scientific knowledge to the legitimacy of international tax law. Furthermore, it puts forward some recommendations to safeguard the legitimacy of international tax law for the long term. The first part of the book comprises a study of the sociology of international tax law in the period following the Second World War, including an analysis of the role of international tax neutrality for the development of this field of law. Specific attention is paid to recent developments relating to the exchange of information and the taxation of multinational corporations. The second part constructs a theoretical framework to assess and improve the legitimacy of international tax law, which is mostly based on a thorough analysis of the work of Jürgen Habermas. His views on law and democracy - including the role of civil society and the media - provide a useful perspective to value the legitimacy of international tax law. The third part contains recommendations for the future

"The duel, and the codes of honour that governed duelling, functioned for decades in many European and Latin American countries as a shadow legal system, regulating in practice what legislators felt free to say and what journalists felt free to write. Yet the duel was also an act of potentially deadly violence and a challenge to the authority of black-letter law. When duelling became widespread in early twentieth-century Uruguay, legislators facing this dilemma chose the unique and radical path of legalization. The Pen, the Sword, and the Law explores how the only country in the world to decriminalize duelling managed the tension between these informal but widely accepted "gentlemanly laws" and its own criminal code. The duel, which remained legal until 1992, was meant to ensure civility in politics and decorum in the press, but it often failed to achieve either. Drawing on rich and detailed newspaper reports of duels and challenges, parliamentary debates, legal records, private papers, and interviews, David Parker examines the role of pistols and sabres in shaping the everyday workings of a raucous public sphere. Demonstrating that the duel was no simple throwback to archaic conceptions of masculine honour and chivalry, The Pen, the Sword, and the Law illustrates how duelling went hand in hand with democracy and freedom of the press in one of South America's most progressive nations."--

1. Genuine Savings Rates in India: An Indicator of Measuring Environmental Sustainability 2. Environmental Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Sustainability, Food and Livelihood Security: A South Asian Perspective 3. Effect of Eco-Literacy, Consumer Effectiveness and Perceived Seriousness on Consumer Environmental Attitude: A CFA Approach 4. Water Policy in India: Building Blocks for Synergy with Science, Technology and Innovation 5. Use of Geospatial Technology in Environmental Impact Assessment 6. Environmental Risk Assessment Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms 7. Need for Environmental Information Policy: An Analysis of Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Integrated Steel Complex Site,Halakundi Village, Karnataka, India 8. Communication for Climate Change and Control in India 9. Of Climate Change and The Calamitous Events of Kashmir Ecology (16TH C. Onwords): An Historical Analysis 10. Environment Impact Assessment in India: Constitutional Perspective 11. Environment Impact Assessment Principles Under Land and Heritage Conservation Laws: An Enviro-Legal Analysis 12. Environmental Impact Assessment in India: An Analysis of Law and Judicial Trends in Contemporary Perspective 13. Environmental Impact Analysis: A Socio-Legal Study of Kol Dam In Himachal Pradesh 14. Sustainable Mining and Concept of Mine Closure in India -- Policy Regulation and Practice Perspective: A Case Study of Coal Mining in Meghalaya 15. Environmental Impact Assessment of Mining In India: A Review of Legal and Institutional Mechanism

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- About the Author -- About the Contributors -- Chapter 1: Society, Religion, and Bioethics -- Religion and Bioethics -- Bioethical Frameworks -- References -- Legal References -- Constitution -- Cases -- Chapter 2: Homosexuality: Sin, Crime, Pathology, Identity, Behavior* -- Same-Sex Relations as Sin -- Judaism -- Christianity -- Islam -- Evolving Religious Perspectives -- The Criminalization of Sin -- Sin and Crime Transformed: Same-Sex Behavior as Mental Illness -- Society and Religion: Implications for Bioethics -- References -- Legal References -- Cases -- Statutes -- Regulations -- Chapter 3: Body Modification of Minors* -- Introduction -- Nontherapeutic Male Circumcision -- The Religious Basis for Male Circumcision: Judaism -- Male Circumcision in Islam -- Christian Perspectives on Infant Male Circumcision -- Medical Procedure for Circumcision -- Potential Benefits and Harms -- Female Genital Cutting -- Nontherapeutic Female Genital Cutting -- Medical Procedure for Female Genital Cutting -- Potential Harms and Benefits -- Other Body Modifications -- Religion and Society: Changing Bioethical Understandings -- References -- Legal References -- U.S. Statutes -- Non-U.S. Jurisdictions -- Chapter 4: Medical Error: Truthtelling, Apology, and Forgiveness -- Introduction -- Apology, Truthtelling, and Forgiveness in the Secular Literature -- Apology -- Forgiveness and Unforgiveness -- Apology, Truthtelling, and Forgiveness in the Abrahamic Faiths: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam -- Judaism -- Christianity -- Islam -- Apology, Truthtelling, and Forgiveness in Buddhism and Hinduism -- Medical Error, Truthtelling, and Apology -- Defining Medical Error -- To Tell or Not to Tell -- The Context of Apology -- Apology Laws -- Morbidity Mortality Conference -- Mediation.

Intro -- Law, Morality and Power: Global Perspectives on Violence and the State -- Table of Contents -- Introduction: Law, Morality and Power -- Section 1: Theories of Violence and the State -- The Sentence is the Goal: Agamben's Notion of Law -- The Faces of Violence in Paul Ricoeur: Three Fundamental Dimensions -- A Christian Anarchist Critique of Violence: From Turning the Other Cheek to a Rejection of the State -- Re-Establishing the Tie between Law, Morality and Political Power: Modern Legal- Rationalism as the Alternative to Legal- Positivism and Legal-Realism -- Private Law in the Service of Distributive Aims: Three Classic Positions -- Section 2: Violence of the State -- The Radical Evangelism of Bartolomé de Las Casas -- Control Orders: The Beginning of the End? -- Discontent and Civil Disobedience in an Unjust State: A Case Study of Tribal Protests in India -- Developments in the Criminal Law in Post- Apartheid South Africa: Abolition of the Death Penalty and Justifications for Punishment -- Unequal Distribution of Justice: Legitimacy of Violence and Juvenile Delinquents' Struggles Against it in the Court Files -- Section 3: Personal and Political Violence -- The State's Dominion: Physical Violence and Consent -- A Right to Kill? -- Does the Refined Adversary System Refine the Gender Discrimination? Rape Trial and its Courtroom Culture in Taiwan -- Human Resources Assessment and Digging Up Dirt: Getting Around the Libel Laws.

Intro -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Illustrations -- Introduction -- Part 1 Translation and Interpretation of Law -- Chapter 1 Why Laws were Translated in Medieval England: Access, Authority, and Authenticity -- Chapter 2 Translating Justinian: Transmitting and Transforming Roman Law in the Middle Ages -- Chapter 3 Leges Iutorum: The Medieval Latin Translation of the Law of Jutland -- Chapter 4 The Languages and Registers of Law in Medieval Ireland and Wales -- Part 2 The Languages of Legal Practice and Documentary Culture -- Chapter 5 Latin and the Vernacular in Medieval Legal Documents: The Case of Denmark -- Chapter 6 Between the Language of Law and the Language of Justice: The Use of Formulas in Portuguese Dispute Texts (Tenth and Eleventh Centuries) -- Chapter 7 The Dangers of Using Latin Texts for the Study of Customary Law: The Example of Flemish Feudal Law during the High Middle Ages -- Chapter 8 Sources of Legal Language: The Development of Warranty Clauses in Western France, ca.1030-ca.1240 -- Part 3 Methodology, Interaction, and Language -- Chapter 9 Law and Language in the Leges Barbarorum: A Database Project on the Vernacular Vocabulary in Medieval Manuscripts -- Chapter 10 'And Since We are No Lawyers, We Will Void the Lawsuit with Battle Axes'! Voiding a Lawsuit in Old Icelandic Procedural Law -- Chapter 11 Biblical Analogues for Early Anglo-Saxon Law -- Index

"The Palgrave International Handbook of Animal Abuse Studies" -- "Acknowledgments" -- "Contents" -- "List of Figures" -- "List of Tables" -- "List of Boxes" -- " Editors' Introduction" -- "The Contents of This Book" -- "A Note on Language and Production" -- "References" -- "Part I The Abuse of Domesticated Animals" -- " Breeding and Selling of Companion Animals" -- "Introduction" -- "Nature of the Abuse and Harm" -- "Breeding" -- "Care of Mates" -- "Choice of Mates" -- "Raising of Offspring" -- "Trade" -- "Transportation and Importation" -- "Sales and Marketing" -- "Prevalence" -- "Breeders" -- "Importation" -- "Explanation for Harmful Behaviours" -- "Consumer Credulity" -- "Breeder Cupidity" -- "Breed Standards" -- "Trade and Movement Laws" -- "Responses to Reduce Harmful Behaviours" -- "Breeders" -- "Consumers" -- "Legal Controls: Breeding and Trade" -- "Legal Controls: Movement" -- "Conclusion" -- "References" -- " Physical Cruelty of Companion Animals" -- "Introduction" -- "The Nature of Cruelty to Companion Animals" -- "The Prevalence of Cruelty to Companion Animals" -- "Explaining Cruelty to Companion Animals" -- "Responses to Cruelty" -- "Conclusion" -- "References" -- " Animal Sexual Assault" -- "Introduction" -- "The Elements of Animal Sexual Assault ('Bestiality')" -- "Issues in Measuring the Prevalence of ASA" -- "Official Statistics" -- "Academic Studies" -- "Understanding ASA" -- "Societal Reactions to ASA" -- "Legislative Controls" -- "Legal Framework and Response in England and Wales" -- "Treatment of Sexual Offenders" -- "Conclusion" -- "References" -- " Animal Neglect" -- "Introduction" -- "Defining Neglect" -- "Neglect Legislation and Enforcement" -- "Case Study: The Animal Welfare Act 2006 and Neglect as Abuse" -- "Neglect as a Factor in Other Harms" -- "Conclusion: Re-contextualising Neglect as Abuse" -- "References