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Favorable economic forces are essential to the realization of the objectives of the Negro protest. During the 1950's, economic forces were unfavorable: Negro education was grossly inferior to white; technological changes ejected Negroes from agriculture and from manufacturing production jobs; un employment rates rose. During these years, the Negro man's economic position fell relative to the white man's. In the future, several economic forces will aid Negroes: Technological change will create new occupations free of vested interests opposing admission of Negroes. Losing unskilled labor while gaining capital, Southern urban employment and wage rates will rise, benefiting Negroes as well as whites. Government will provide nondiscriminatory employment opportunities, and Ne groes will utilize military training and government employment experience to find work in the private economy. Declining birth rates will reduce pressure on unskilled wages and will im prove home environments of poor Negroes' children. Negro purchasing power, concentrating in cities, will press nondis criminatory employment policies upon employers. Negroes admitted to corporate managements will acquire experience permitting them to set up their own businesses. Most im portant, high-employment business stability will maintain an economic environment favoring rational—nondiscriminatory— use of the Negro potential, while every program reducing un employment rates will make that environment even more favorable.

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the theoretical and empirical understandings of the role that political forgiveness plays in the post-conflict and post-authoritarian societies. The paper provides a discussion of the complexities of the concept of political forgiveness, and offers empirical examples that demonstrate the different capacities and potentials that political forgiveness has as a mode of social reconciliation and repair the past injustice. It argues that today, with the accumulation of experience in the practice of transitional justice, and the growing importance of human rights regime, considering of forgiveness through the accountability's lens is very timely and important. After the discussion of the contribution of forgiveness to societal reconstruction in the post-conflict and post-authoritarian societies, the paper focuses on the role of forgiveness as an essential part of justice and solidarity. By scrutinising forgiveness' links with reconciliation and justice, the paper offers a comprehensive way to assess the nature of preconditions and the role of forgiveness in addressing the past injustice and overcoming divisions in post-conflict societies. Its discussion of empirical findings on the role that forgiveness opens up a debate about risks and costs involved in a policy of forgiveness in newly democratised countries.

The Caribbean Perspectives series began as a response to the need for scholarly investigations into social, scientific, and economic conditions affecting the least understood, or written about, part of the Americas. In this second volume the authors have included explorations of aspects of management and climate; as well as social, literary, and educational concerns in the eastern Caribbean, along with an extended study of the labor situation in the U.S. Virgin Islands.The opening chapter on resource management training in the Caribbean underscores the need for cooperation among eastern Caribbean universities and provides a practical model for implementation. This is followed by a significant study of rainfall patterns that could influence economic and cultural planning in the Virgin Islands. School environment is assessed in the next chapter, and educators will see how the quality of social support and interactions function in organizational contexts, especially as they relate to teacher morale.How fact becomes fiction is chronicled in a chapter dealing with Samuel Selvon's autobiographical novel, A Brighter Sun. The media clearly had a se-rious problem separating fact from fiction in their reporting of the aftermath of Hurricane Hugo in St. Croix. The next chapter investigates the causes of looting following that storm and lays to rest some widespread misconceptions.The final chapters focus on the labor movements in the Virgin Islands, both from historical and sociological points of view. These chapters not only help explain certain tendencies in the Caribbean work force but also outline social implications for the future. Some of these findings are bound to be controversial, such as the author's contention that the legacy of slavery is still being felt. This volume of Caribbean Perspectives offers both factual accounts and challenging insights into the diversity of Caribbean life and culture. The ideas and data found here will reverberate and suggest a host of analogous circumstances elsewhere. This volume, and the series as such, will interest students of the Caribbean, Latin America, and social development in the Third World.

Part one of the report provides an overview of the economy. It has one chapter (chapter one), which provides an overview of the country's growth and macroeconomic performance and challenges and analyzes and emphasizes the limited dynamism of a rent- and hydrocarbon-cursed economy. Part II describes cross-cutting issues that constrain policy implementation, regardless of the sectors where they occur. In chapter two, the report draws on material outlined in the rest of the report to argue that the policy problems that undermine the country's development can be linked directly to political distortions introduced by the fragmentation among the population and the elites. While the informal elite networks are able to block reform and aggressively continue to seek rents that might otherwise be recycled into development, the population is unable to exert its rights and hold the elites accountable. Chapter three analyzes the major impediments in the business environment. Through the analysis of the de jure legal and regulatory business environment as well as the enforcement of business regulations, the chapter identifies key legal and institutional changes that can help reduce the opportunities for rent seeking that favor well-connected businesses. Chapter four discusses the opportunities to maximize the benefits of the country's human capital by enhancing the quality of worker skills, increasing women's labor force participation, and facilitating the migration of Yemenis to work in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. To achieve this goal, the Republic of Yemen needs to enhance the quality of the education system, especially technical education and vocational training (TEVT), and respond to the existing demand for skilled workers. Chapter five explores the constraints to realizing the potential of agriculture. It argues that a key constraint on the sector is the capture of land and water by multiple elites motivated by short-term rent extraction, which prevents the efficient management of these assets and therefore undermines any possibility of sustainable development. The chapter also discusses other constraints and weaknesses affecting the sector and proposes legal and institutional changes that could help increase transparency in the management of the sector. Chapter six analyzes the prospects for growth in the oil and gas sector and discusses key governance reforms that would help reduce rent seeking in the sector.

In the bleak spring of 1916, a military note expostulated about the slowness with which the Government of India was finding coolies and porters for British forces in Mesopotamia. At first, labor could be obtained only from tribals of the Santhal Parganas and Chota Nagpur and by tapping Indian jails: "Could there possibly have been a greater opportunity for India with millions of men not usable as soldiers, to take a larger share in the war, or even a larger share in helping its own Indian Army? From all accounts India was burning to get such a chance, yet what happened? The honour of India was upheld first by aborigines and then by convicts."