Suchergebnisse

There are certain preliminary observations which should be made before we can take up the question of codifying international law or the method of codification, for without a correct understanding of certain matters, which may be considered fundamental, we may not know whether we are to deal with a system of law or a system of philosophy. As a matter of fact we are dealing with both, for law develops unconsciously or consciously in accordance with the principles of philosophy. If the law of nations is to be considered law in the strict sense of the word, we must deal with it as a system of law. If, on the other hand, it is a system of philosophy rather than of law, we must deal with it as philosophy, and the point of approach and the method of treatment will be different. But, above and beyond law, we are dealing with justice, and with those principles of justice, which, expressed in rules of law, we call the law of nations. Justice is the source; the principles of justice applicable to the conduct of nations constitute the law of nations, and the rules of law based upon these principles change with conditions, or to meet new conditions, and form the body and substance of international law at any given period.

Offizieller Standpunkt von Staaten/Staatengruppen + Benutzerkommentar

"In den vergangenen 15 Jahren konnten internationale Akteure in den Postkriegs-Gebieten auf dem Westbalkan viele nützliche Erfahrungen bei der Friedensunterstützung sammeln. Aus den internationalen Beiträgen zum Statebuilding in Bosnien und Herzegowina und im Kosovo können vor allem folgende Lehren gezogen werden: Ein rechtsstaatlicher Rahmen ist die Voraussetzung für die Einleitung demokratischer Prozesse. Bei 'Local Ownership' handelt es sich um ein grundsätzlich sinnvolles Prinzip. Es sollte allerdings nicht dazu führen, dass in kritischen Phasen auf den Einsatz der Protektoratsvollmachten gegen destruktive Akteure gänzlich verzichtet wird. Die Vermittlung demokratischer, rechtsstaatlicher und menschenrechtlicher Standards kann nur durch eine Vorbildwirkung der Interventionskräfte gelingen. Eine unklare Arbeitsteilung und eine fehlende gemeinsame Strategie - wie derzeit im Kosovo - erschweren sinnvolle Beiträge internationaler Akteure. Mit der Heranführungsstrategie der EU werden gemeinsame Standards und die Kooperation in der Region gefördert, allerdings nicht automatisch alle Konflikte gelöst. Die Erfahrungen in Bosnien und Herzegowina und im Kosovo unmittelbar nach Kriegsende haben gezeigt, dass neben der militärischen auch eine ausreichende Präsenz internationaler Polizeikräfte notwendig ist, um ein sehr breites Spektrum an Sicherheitsaufgaben erfüllen zu können. Wie die Konfliktentwicklung in Mazedonien demonstriert, erfordert Prävention, um nachhaltig zu wirken, eine langfristige Unterstützung von internationaler Seite." (Autorenreferat)

Introduction : the Columbus syndrome of international relations -- A relational dance or a scripted Concert of Europe? -- The relational turn(s) in the Anglosphere and Sinosphere of international relations -- The guanxi of relationality -- Conclusion : a relational theory of international relations beyond the Eurocentric frame.

Globalization has been contested in recent times. Among the critical perspectives is cosmopolitanism. Yet, with the exception of normative theory, international relations as a field has ignored cosmopolitan thinking. This book redresses this gap and develops a dialogue between cosmopolitanism and international relations. The dialogue is structured around three debates between non-universalist theories of international relations and contemporary cosmopolitan thought. The theories chosen are realism, (post-)Marxism and postmodernism. All three criticize liberalism in the international domain, and, therefore, cosmopolitanism as an offshoot of liberalism. In the light of each school's respective critique of universalism, the book suggests both the importance and difficulty of the cosmopolitan perspective in the contemporary world. Beardsworth emphasizes the need for global leadership at nation-state level, re-embedding of the world economy, a cosmopolitan politics of the lesser violence, and cosmopolitan political judgement. He also suggests research agendas to situate further contemporary cosmopolitanism in international relations theory. This book will appeal to all students of political theory and international relations, especially those who are seeking more articulation of the main issues between cosmopolitanism and its critics in international relations.

International humanitarian and military law, although a seemingly area that has already been well elaborated, there are certain "gaps" that make it always actual, more precisely a topic that requires a constant update to the new challenges, in order to prevent their escalation. The aim of this paper is precisely that to get into the core of this international law. But in order to do so, we must begin from the beginning, first to give a retroactive brief of the conception of international humanitarian / military law. What is the idea of creation, but more importantly, what is the process of strengthening and establishing international military / humanitarian law? How successful is the implementation of the same, is it just a formally written utopian piece of paper? What are the international documents that are "compulsory literature" in this area? Are the well known conventions respectable? These are just a part of the issues that are being addressed today in the face of many crises that are still waiting for answers. Answers that we will try to analyze. Keywords: war, conventions, international law, international custom, justicе

Les négociations internationales sur le changement climatique sont confrontées à la difficulté de protéger l'environnement face aux changements climatiques. Depuis la COP 21, les émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre (GES) sont reparties à la hausse, alors que le dernier rapport du Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat (GIEC) prédit une hausse des températures atteignant déjà 1,5°C entre 2030 et 2052 si l'on continue à émettre au rythme actuel. Face à cela, l'objet de ce papier est d'essayer de déterminer de quelle manière la vulnérabilité face aux risques climatiques a évolué et influe sur les négociations environnementales, comment l'action collective de lutte contre le changement climatique a longtemps été freinée par des clivages géopolitiques et économiques entre les pays développés et ceux en développement, portant sur les énergies fossiles et renouvelables. Et, enfin, de savoir si une convergence des Etats pour une lutte et une gestion efficientes des risques liés au changement climatique (à travers des politiques d'adaptation et d'atténuation) serait possible.

The yearly Congress of the International Association of Young Lawyers (A.I.J.A.) was held in London from July 24 to 27, 1967. 150 young lawyers attended from the United States, Argentina, Germany, France, Belgium, Spain, England, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Holland, and Switzerland. The Congress began with a solemn opening ceremony presided over by Attorney General Sir Blwyn Jones. The members of the A.I.J.A. were thereafter received by the Lord Mayor of London at a lunch given by the Corporation of London.