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Тус өгүүлэлд Монгол Улс дахь исламын шашны түүх, өнөөгийн байдал, хэтийн төлвийн талаар тусган харуулжээ.

Islam in Mongolia: past, present and future
Mongolia is one of the countries where Islam has spread. Studying the history of spread of Islam and present situation in Mongolia which is a part of Central Asian civilization became an important issue. Islam and Muslims in Mongolia overcame difficult and harsh fate in various phases of history and reached the period of today's democracy and globalization and favourable conditions of spread of Islam in Mongolia.

Ziel der Arbeit ist es, herauszufinden, ob der Islam mit dem säkularen Staat vereinbar ist. Mit Blick darauf und im Bewusstsein der Bedeutung dieser Fragestellung für die Gesellschaft in Deutschland, die hier lebenden Muslime, von denen die Mehrheit aus der Türkei stammt, aber auch für die Mehrheitsgesellschaft, konzentriert sich die Arbeit auf den türkischen Islam und seinen Diskurs in Bezug auf das türkische Religionsverfassungsrecht. Zunehmend gerät jedoch auch die Frage in den Mittelpunkt, ob die Türkei im Umgang mit dem Islam für die islamische Welt im Nahen Osten in gewisser Weise ein Vorbild sein kann. Da die oben genannte Fragestellung, wie sie Gegenstand der Arbeit ist, aus deutscher Perspektive gestellt wird, wurde der Untersuchung zugleich das deutsche Religionsverfassungsrecht als Maßstab zugrunde gelegt. Dieser methodisch rechtsvergleichende Ansatz ermöglicht nicht nur den Vergleich der religionsverfassungsrechtlichen Systeme, sondern darüber hinaus auch eine Transferleistung, nämlich die Auswertung des türkisch-islamischen Diskurses, der sich zwar auf das türkische Religionsverfassungsrecht bezieht, so aber ins Verhältnis zum deutschen Religionsverfassungsrecht gesetzt, und entsprechend im Sinne der Fragestellung ausgewertet werden kann.

The paper deals with the situation of sexual minorities in Bangladesh. Bangladesh, although historically a relatively tolerant and open-minded Muslim majority country, remains conservative on sexual matters. Therefore, large sections of Bangladesh's society seem to reject each sexual orientation which is perceived as "non-traditional" and portrays heterosexuality as the only accepted cultural norm. In consequence, homosexuality is becoming criminalized to such an extent that not only cultural values and societal norms but also national laws are in serious conflict with internationally accepted human, gender, and sexual rights.

Nullity Polygamy in the Religious Court. According to the positive law in Indonesia, Muslim husband may practice polygamy, and the polygamy can be recorded at the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) if he got permission from the Religious Court. If permission is not obtained from the Religious Court, then according to the provisions of article 44 of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975 the marriage can not be authorized. Therefore, if polygamous marriages is recorded by the KUA when marriages have permission from a religious court. DOI:10.15408/jch.v1i1.2986

This paper focuses on the study of Islamic Political Thought of Nurcholish Madjid and M. Amien Rais about Islamic state in Indonesia. Nurcholish Madjid required secularization, as an effort and rationalization of religious desecration. In this context, religion is not only understood as an integral dimension of the sacred (holy) with all its appliances. But there are many parts changed, because it is sociological. According to Nurcholish, secularization is the way that Muslims needed to be done, so that the public can distinguish between social phenomena and the phenomenon of transcendent revelation.

This essay compares figurations of racialized soldiers in the U.S. military to argue that while they may stand as proof of democratic nation and polity, they also serve as reminders of the unfulfilled promise of equality and inclusion and reveal the duplicitous role of the military in the reproduction and maintenance of racial, gender, class, and sexual hierarchies. Focusing on figurations of Muslim and Asian American soldiers in particular, the essay argues that they embody this contradiction and reveal the boundaries between "citizen" and "enemy" to be both flexible and precarious.

Статья посвящена особенностям регулирования гражданско-правовых обязательств с участием исламских банков по мусульманскому праву. В ней объясняется, почему взимание ростовщического процента запрещено по Корану и дается описание альтернативных финансовых институтов, широко распространенных в исламских государствах в соответствии с их законодательством. ; This article is devoted to the peculiarities of regulation of private law obligations with participation of islamic banks according to the muslim law. It explains why usury is prohibited by Koran and describes the alternative financial institutions widely used in modern Islamic countries in accordance with their legislation.

AbstractThis article examines the implementation of the UK's 'Prevent Strategy' for countering terrorist risks and threats. Informed by qualitative data, it critically assesses the perception and reception 'on the ground' of Prevent Strategy policies amongst those individuals who are, in many ways, the focus of such interventions. It is found that there are a number of grievances held, though three are of particular concern and revolve around funding issues, confusion of the overarching aims of the strategy, and suspicions of intelligence gathering and spying within Muslim communities.

Though anti‐American terrorism springs these days as much from Yemen and the "virtual ummah" as from Afghanistan, President Obama has nontheless further committed US troops to stabilizing a country well‐known as the graveyard of empires. What can the only Muslim country that belongs to NATO offer by way of advice? How best can the US keep its focus on the terrorist threat despite its diversion in Afghanistan?Turkey's former envoy to Afghanistan and two of Europe's leading experts on Islamist terrorism offer their views.

Though anti‐American terrorism springs these days as much from Yemen and the "virtual ummah" as from Afghanistan, President Obama has nontheless further committed US troops to stabilizing a country well‐known as the graveyard of empires. What can the only Muslim country that belongs to NATO offer by way of advice? How best can the US keep its focus on the terrorist threat despite its diversion in Afghanistan?Turkey's former envoy to Afghanistan and two of Europe's leading experts on Islamist terrorism offer their views.

Though anti‐American terrorism springs these days as much from Yemen and the "virtual ummah" as from Afghanistan, President Obama has nontheless further committed US troops to stabilizing a country well‐known as the graveyard of empires. What can the only Muslim country that belongs to NATO offer by way of advice? How best can the US keep its focus on the terrorist threat despite its diversion in Afghanistan?Turkey's former envoy to Afghanistan and two of Europe's leading experts on Islamist terrorism offer their views.

An examination of the protection of refugees & internally displaced persons (IDPs) under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) & other Conventions notes that, although almost half of the world's 16 million refugees are from Muslim countries, Islam/Islamic sharia do not provide a comprehensive legal system for the protection of refugees & IDPs. Potential difficulties in reconciling the Islamic & the international point of view of human rights are discussed, along with the prospects for establishing an internationally recognized Islamic legal framework for protecting refugees. Adapted from the source document.