Suchergebnisse

The newly adopted World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Development Agenda presents a real opportunity to revolutionize the international governance of intellectual property law and policy. The litmus test for its success, however, will be if and how the agenda is implemented in practice. This edited collection brings together a series of incisive essays written by leading thinkers from emerging economies, Canada, and elsewhere to develop concrete strategies for implementing the agenda. The essays cover a range of fundamental issues surrounding the agenda and examine its recommendatio.

Abstract Various conceptional dimensions of aging are relevant for epidemiological research on health issues for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). In a review of the literature results of mortality and morbidity studies are documented and discussed regarding the actual health status of elderly adults with ID. Most of these studies are based on indirect assessments with several sources for detection bias. As a consequence, health problems are systematically undocumented and underreported for this target group and affect the effectiveness and adequacy of health service delivery. Direct assessment procedures and methods in epidemiological research are suggested as one means to improve research used to support health care planning. Such a methodological target can be combined with the more important goal on service level of finding and helping persons with unrecognized treatable conditions.

AbstractThe move toward inclusive education is a global one which has been in process for over 25 years since the Salamanca statement in 1994. The approach has been adopted in many countries, both high and low income with varying degrees of policy development and legal frameworks to ensure effective implementation. South Africa, a middle‐income country with high levels of inequality, has engaged seriously in developing enabling policy. In this study, I will examine how inclusive education policy in South Africa considers intellectual disability (ID) as one of many barriers to learning within the related legislation, guidelines, and curriculum. I will then look at two critical and related events in education for ID in South Africa. The first is the legal process whereby the right to education for children with severe‐to‐profound ID was established, and the second is the development of three different curricula in South Africa for children with mild‐to‐moderate, severe, and severe‐to‐profound ID, respectively. I will conclude with some consideration of how inclusion policy deals with the problem of curriculum which is a critical one for ID.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether value‐creating activities and intellectual capital (IC) accumulation are affected by different business models.Design/methodology/approachField visitations and interview‐based questionnaires are used for data collection. This study uses the structural equation model to examine Taiwanese original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and original brand manufacturers (OBMs) in China.FindingsEmpirical results show that Taiwanese OEMs and OBMs adopt different combinations of value‐creating activities, which results in differences in IC accumulation. Taiwanese OEMs have engaged in manufacturing and innovation activities, and have created process and innovation capitals. By contrast, Taiwanese OBMs have developed their marketing channels, human resources, innovation centres, and social networks, and have accumulated their human, customer, process and innovation capitals.Practical implicationsTaiwanese OEMs have cultural advantages and have built productive infrastructure in China. Therefore, these enterprises should transform their business models into OBMs to enhance their market performance. Foreign investors could leverage the experiences and IC of Taiwanese enterprises to make their investments run more smoothly.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the existing literature by investigating relationships among business models, value‐creating activities, and IC. This study also provides useful guidance for enterprises considering investing in China and for academics researching in this area.

Background  Promoting the health and social participation of adolescents with intellectual disability is important as they are particularly vulnerable to encountering difficulties in those areas. Integration of these individuals in integrated sports is one strategy to address this issue.Methods  The main objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of the factors associated with the integration of adolescents with intellectual disability in sports alongside their non‐disabled peers. Individual interviews were completed with 40 adolescents with intellectual disability and their parents, while 39 rehabilitation staff participated via either a discussion group or self‐administered questionnaires. The Disability Creation Process (DCP) theoretical model was used to frame the analysis and the presentation of the findings (The Quebec Classification: Disability Creation Process. International Network on the Disability Creation Process/CSICIDH, Québec, QC, 1998).Results  Various personal and environmental factors that have an impact on integration in sports were identified by participants. For example, attitudes, practical support, individuals' experiences in sports and in integrated settings as well as behaviour control emerged as important elements to consider.Conclusions  Integration in integrated sports can engender a lot of benefits for individuals with intellectual disability, their parents and non‐disabled athletes. However, many barriers need to be removed before such benefits can be more widely realized.

Intro -- Leaders in Gender and Education: Intellectual Self-Portraits -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- SERIES EDITOR'S PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- GENDER AND EDUCATION: AN INTRODUCTION TOSOME LEADERS IN THE FIELD -- NOTES ON SELECTION -- CHARTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF GENDER AND EDUCATION -- LOOKING FORWARD -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- FOREVER TROUBLING: Feminist Theoretical Work in Education -- EARLY YEARS -- PROFESSIONAL ACTIVISM -- MOBILITY AND CAREER TRANSITIONING -- BECOMING AND BEING A FEMINIST ACADEMIC -- THE DEAKIN CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE -- GENDERED RESTRUCTURING, RESTRUCTURING GENDER -- WHY LEADERSHIP? -- GLOBALISATION: A USEFUL THEORY FOR FEMINISTS? -- REFLECTIONS ON THIS REFLECTION -- REFERENCES -- EQUAL RIGHTS, TO A CERTAIN EXTENT: Memoirs of a Researcher into Mysteries of Gender and Education -- REFERENCES -- A "MOTHER" OF FEMINIST SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION? -- A LEADER IN GENDER AND EDUCATION: A CONTRADICTION IN (FEMINIST) TERMS? -- "COMMENCEMENT" OF FEMINIST STUDIES OF EDUCATIONAL EQUALITY -- FEMINIST STUDIES OF MOTHERING AND SCHOOLING -- BECOMING A FEMINIST "MOTHER" IN GENDER AND EDUCATIONAL SOCIOLOGY -- CONCLUDING REFLECTIONS ON BEING A "MOTHER" IN THE FEMINIST SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION -- REFERENCES -- LIFE IN THREE-WALLED ROOMS -- BEGINNING -- COLLEGE -- INTERLUDE -- GRADUATE SCHOOL -- FIRST REAL JOB -- EDUCATED IN ROMANCE -- SECOND JOB -- RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE -- SUMMARY AND FINAL NOTE -- REFERENCES -- A FEMINIST DNA: Exploring a Political/Intellectual History -- BEING JEWISH-BEYOND THE PALE -- THE DYBBUK OF HERITAGE -- MORAL MISCHIEF: A SOUTH AFRICAN CHILDHOOD -- THE ACTIVIST ABROAD -- TEACHER TO STUDENT TO ACADEMIC: PURSUING QUESTIONS OF RACE, GENDER AND SEXUALITY -- EDUCATION WASHES WHITER? -- OPEN TO QUESTION: THINKING THROUGH SEXUALITY AND GENDER -- Schooling Sexualities -- MASCULINITIES-THE BOYS' DEBATES -- BACK "HOME" -- CURRENT CONCERNS.

The thesis is an exploration of how indigenous knowledge has emerged as a subject within Australian intellectual property law. It uses the context of copyright law to illustrate this development. The work presents an analysis of the political, social and cultural intersections that influence legal possibilities and effect practical expectations of the law in this area. The dilemma of protecting indigenous knowledge resonates with tensions that characterise intellectual property as a whole. The metaphysical dimensions of intellectual property have always been insecure but these difficulties come to the fore with the identification of boundaries and markers that establish property in indigenous subject matter. While intellectual property law is always managing difference, the politics of law are more transparent when managing indigenous concerns. Rather than assume the naturalness of the category of indigenous knowledge within law, this work interrogates the politics of its construction precisely as a 'special' category. Employing a multidisciplinary methodology, engaging theories of governmental rationality that draws upon the scholarship of Michel Foucault to appreciate strategies of managing and directing knowledge, the thesis considers how the politics of law is infused by cultural, political, bureaucratic and individual factors. Key elements in Australia that have pushed the law to consider expressions of indigenous knowledge in intellectual property can be located in changing political environments, governmental intervention through strategic reports, cultural sensitivity articulated in case law and innovative instances of individual agency. The intersection of these elements reveals a dynamic that exerts influence in the shape the law takes.

Background  Studies with children suggest that reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is associated with pathogenic early care. Little is known about RAD in adults with intellectual disabilities, many of whom experience adversity and abuse in early life. We investigated whether RAD symptoms occur in this population, and explored whether hypothesized risk factors are associated with higher RAD symptom scores.Method  Fifty adults with intellectual disabilities residing in long‐stay hospitals and their carers participated in a questionnaire survey of RAD symptoms, childhood experiences, and disabilities.Results  Reactive attachment disorder symptoms were present in this sample, and symptom scores were independently associated with early childhood adversity, diminished with age, but were not associated with cognitive ability, gender, other disabilities, nor number of childhood years in institutional care.Conclusions  As with children with RAD, it is possible that some maltreated adults with intellectual disabilities fail to develop stranger anxiety by the usual developmental age. Over decades, they may gradually learn.

Chapter 1: Introduction The counterpoints of transculturation -- Chapter 2: The Catalan-Cuban intellectuals of La Nova Catalunya -- Chapter 3: Josep Conangla's Americanist Catalanism -- Chapter 4: Regino Boti's poetics and the construction of identities in Guantanamo -- Chapter 5: A rereading of Fernando Ortiz's counterpoints -- Chapter 6: In praise of contrapuntal harmonies.

The process of transitional justice in Latvia after 1991 and the public debates that surrounded it created a number of controversies. One such notable conflict dealt with lustration, and it involved Latvia's political establishment and intelligentsia. While the politicians supported the public's right to have full access to the secret KGB files, the intellectuals demanded that Latvia's society should be protected from making mistakes in its judgments and therefore the available documentation should be studied first by state-appointed experts. Each position addressed the issue of lustration from a distinctive perspective, and these reflected not merely political disagreements. Instead, they reflected conflicts of vision that had deep historical roots. Adapted from the source document.

The worldwide homogenization of thinking, analysis, & prescription, coupled with the de-legitimization of social critique, dissent, & alternative thinking in the 1990s, are characteristic of globalization & of the current international system. The homogenization is the outcome of global geopolitical changes & the end of the Cold War, with the ascendance of a victorious paradigm. The resulting global intellectual hegemony (GIH) is of special concern to developing countries & to the UN. It has undermined the goals & aspirations of the former & contributed to their intellectual disarmament & disempowerment; it has undermined the mandate & role of the latter. This essay discusses GIH in the context of international development cooperation, showing how it is nurtured in many different ways. It is argued that the mechanisms at work are well-known in national politics, in particular in undemocratic societies, & are now projected by new technologies & through the global domination by those with power, a task made easier by the lack of organized & credible opposition. It suggests the need for further study & policy debate of this global phenomenon. Adapted from the source document.