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The dissertation is based on empirical studies in the field of social entrepreneurship research. The thematic focus is on financing and governance of social enterprises. The relationship of social enterprises and social venture capital investors is analyzed. It is asked how the relationship comes to be and how social entrepreneurs evaluate the social venture capital approach. In addition, governance structures and functions of social enterprises are analyzed. The dissertation provides relevant implications for social enterprises, their capital providers and further industry participants like governments that are shaping legal structures. ; Die Dissertation basiert auf empirischen Studien im Forschungsfeld Soziales Unternehmertum. Der thematische Fokus liegt hierbei auf Finanzierung und Governance von Sozialunternehmen. Die Beziehung von Sozialunternehmen und Social Venture Capital Investoren wird analysiert. Es wird untersucht, wie die Beziehung zu Stande kommt und wie Sozialunternehmer den Investment Ansatz von Social Venture Capital Investoren bewerten. Zudem werden spezifische Governance Merkmale von Sozialunternehmen analysiert. Die Dissertation bietet relevante Schlussfolgerungen für Sozialunternehmen, deren Kapitalgeber sowie weitere Marktteilnehmer, wie bspw. Regierungsinstitutionen.

The present state of groundwater governance in Asia was reviewed. The main problem regarding groundwater resources in each Asian country is overexploitation, causing water level decline, land subsidence and salt water intrusion. For those groundwater hazards, many countries have established regulations such as laws and regulations as countermeasures. However, those laws and regulations are not the basic laws on groundwater resources, but only for countermeasures to prevent groundwater hazards. Common problems and barriers for implementing groundwater governance in Asian countries are that there is more than one institute with different and sometimes overlapping responsibilities in groundwater management. To overcome those conflicts among institutions and establishment of good governance, it is necessary to establish an agency in the government as one coordinate function reinforcing the direct coordination and facilitation of groundwater policy-making and management. As one such framework, the conceptual law called the Water Cycle Basic Law, which is under planning in Japan, is examined in this paper.

The study aims at clarifying the features of global governance based on the notion of "Unitas Multiplex", which signify the existence of the object in unitary and multiple figures in the same time. In order to do this, I want to define the transformations of the global regulatory projects after the globalization waves and the return of the market as a global regulatory regime, and analyze the conditions for equal and equitable global governance. After showing the proposal model of global regulation based on the notion of unitary emergence and pluralistic regulation, this research analyzes the debate between the two projects of global trade governance and global environmental governance, and the different formulas for treating this conflict. This research proposes finally a pluralistic model to the global environmental regulation in order to reconstruct contradictory global projects, which take in account the multiplicity of local actors and the necessity to their democratic governance and the unitary of the global project of environmental regulation. I analyzing, than, the various characteristics and configurations of global environmental governance, which form the theoretical basis of this concept, like the characteristic of the institutional multiplicity of the global environmental governance, the participation of non state actors, and the new arrangements of global environmental politics which adopt a new approach of the political economy of global environmental governance. We conclude that the trade-environment conflict should be treated in new ways through the making a non reductionist pluralist analytical frame, with a new logic in order to confront trade to environment, by viewing this conflict in multiple angles in the institutional level, and in the level of the relation between the problem of legitimacy and the notion of democracy, and in the level of the relation between society and nature.

The governance architecture in the Arctic region is subject to broad public and academic debate. Existing governance arrangements are not considered sufficient to minimize risks and impacts from Arctic offshore oil activities. These governance arrangements are fragmented between law of the sea norms, numerous regulatory conventions, and non-legally binding guidelines produced by the Arctic Council, an informal body of the eight Arctic states. While the benign form of cooperative fragmentation seems to prevail, specific governance challenges exist. The nature of these governance challenges and political feasibility considerations suggest an enabling joint management approach for the architecture of Arctic governance.

Cities concentrate a large part of the world economy today. Understanding how the urban economy and its decision making function as well as how they are connected to a larger world (regional, national, global) is fundamental to create governance mechanisms and the institutions to move the world towards a green economy. This paper analyzes the city through its key economic processes of the transformation of space; circulation (transport); consumption and production and social, knowledge and ecosystem services. Transforming urban processes will only be achieved with better urban governance. As governance is embedded in institutions, it is the foundation for building the legitimate political and social mechanisms to green socio-ecological and economic systems. Yet the question of whether or not current governance systems in these processes are steering cities towards a greener economy, or if they are, how are they affecting people and ecosystems is yet to be addressed. Thus, we propose a set of governance indicators to assess the greening of urban processes that go beyond the decision-making procedures and include the capacity to implement change, the results of greening the economy and final outcomes on the ground. We also look at the obstacles, achievements and lessons in the greening of the direct and indirect economic processes in cities. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Cities concentrate a large part of the world economy today. Understanding how the urban economy and its decision making function as well as how they are connected to a larger world (regional, national, global) is fundamental to create governance mechanisms and the institutions to move the world towards a green economy. This paper analyzes the city through its key economic processes of the transformation of space; circulation (transport); consumption and production and social, knowledge and ecosystem services. Transforming urban processes will only be achieved with better urban governance. As governance is embedded in institutions, it is the foundation for building the legitimate political and social mechanisms to green socio-ecological and economic systems. Yet the question of whether or not current governance systems in these processes are steering cities towards a greener economy, or if they are, how are they affecting people and ecosystems is yet to be addressed. Thus, we propose a set of governance indicators to assess the greening of urban processes that go beyond the decision-making procedures and include the capacity to implement change, the results of greening the economy and final outcomes on the ground. We also look at the obstacles, achievements and lessons in the greening of the direct and indirect economic processes in cities. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

This article examines common barriers to achieving adequate levels of forest resource governance in countries of Latin America. It looks at the deficiencies of the policy and regulatory frameworks affecting forests, the common failure to impose the rule of law, the main factors that constrain the effectiveness of government actions in the forest sector and at the political barriers to introducing reforms for change in governance structures. The elimination of these barriers acquires new importance in the implementation of successful REDD+ programs in the countries of the region.