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Abstract
This paper examines the ideologies informing the expansion of Japanese rule at c. 1900. The core feature discussed is the idea of tenka (天下; literally translated: all under heaven), constituting the group of ruled in terms of a universalist indigenat (kokumin 国民), which allowed its expansion beyond the Japanese archipelago at government discretion. The concept of the universalist indigenat, having been tied to the Confucian perception of the world as a well-ordered and change-absorbing entity, conflicted with the European concept of the nation as a particularistically conceived type of group, tied to the perception of the world as a dynamic and largely unruly entity. During the latter third of the nineteenth and the early years of the twentieth century, some Japanese intellectuals came to appreciate the dynamism enshrined in the European perception of the world and worked it into established universalism. The fusion produced a powerful ideology of colonial expansion targeted primarily at East and Southeast Asia as well as the South Pacific. By contrast, European military strategists and political theorists, unaware of the Japanese strategic conceptions, expected that solely Russia formed the target of Japanese military expansion.

This paper examines the ideologies informing the expansion of Japanese rule at c. 1900. The core feature discussed is the idea of tenka (天下; literally translated: all under heaven), constituting the group of ruled in terms of a universalist indigenat (kokumin 国民), which allowed its expansion beyond the Japanese archipelago at government discretion. The concept of the universalist indigenat, having been tied to the Confucian perception of the world as a well-ordered and change-absorbing entity, conflicted with the European concept of the nation as a particularistically conceived type of group, tied to the perception of the world as a dynamic and largely unruly entity. During the latter third of the nineteenth and the early years of the twentieth century, some Japanese intellectuals came to appreciate the dynamism enshrined in the European perception of the world and worked it into established universalism. The fusion produced a powerful ideology of colonial expansion targeted primarily at East and Southeast Asia as well as the South Pacific. By contrast, European military strategists and political theorists, unaware of the Japanese strategic conceptions, expected that solely Russia formed the target of Japanese military expansion.

Das vorliegende Buch beschreibt das Schicksal polnischer Juden im besetzten Deutschland der Jahre 1945–1948. Untersucht wird vor allem ihr Verhältnis zu den einheimischen Deutschen, den Besatzungsmächten, den polnischen DPs sowie den Vertretern von Hilfsorganisationen in den DP-Lagern. Es ergibt sich das Bild einer Gemeinschaft, die ihre Wurzeln in der jüdischen Bevölkerung im Polen der Vorkriegszeit hat. Zugleich verkörpern diese Menschen eine neue Identität: die der Scher'it Hapleitah – der Überlebenden der Shoah. Aus den "polnischen Juden" wurden in den Nachkriegsjahren Juden aus Polen, und schließlich schlichtweg Juden, die ihr Leben außerhalb ihres Herkunftslandes aufbauen wollten. Die Erfahrung der Shoah und der Glaube an eine Zukunft in Palästina hielten diese Gemeinschaft zusammen.

Rethinking the concepts of "witnessing" and "witness" is highly relevant to the study of war crimes, mass murder and genocide. Through multiple readings, the volume shows the meanings and functions of witnessing in a political and historical context marked by the emergence of multiculturalism. The ultimate goal is the exploration of divergent and intersectional positions of the witness and witnessing as both concrete and hermeneutical categories. As a result, the mechanisms of social, political, and psychological oppression, murder and genocide will become tangible and understandable with greater precision and finesse.

Even though the crucial importance of World War II has never been called into doubt by historians, it has not featured as a focal point for the interpretation of the 20th century in recent narratives. In most cases, historians have located the war's historical meaning within the dualistic framework of 'catastrophe' and 'reconstruction'. For all its obvious plausibility, however, this approach tends to isolate the war from the wider historical context. This article develops and discusses three perspectives that may serve to embed World War II within broader historical trends. It highlights the global dimensions of the war, examines contemporaneous interpretations that proved influential for decades after the war's conclusion – most notably, the notion of an 'international civil war' – and explores the causal and perceptual cohesiveness of the 'age of world wars' between 1911/14 and 1945/53. By pursuing these avenues, the essay makes several claims. It argues that World War II must be understood as part of longer-term developments originating in the late 19th century and reaching far into the second half of the 20th century; that the era of the world wars gave rise to a coherent space of experience forming the core of this extended trajectory; that there was no monolithic 'interwar' period, while the intellectual history of these decades reveals a smooth transition from world war to 'Cold War'; and, finally, that World War II acted as a catalyst for far-reaching changes on a global scale.

Bio-bibliografisches Handbuch von Oberösterreich ("Oberdonau") während des Nationalsozialismus, welches in vernetzter Form AutorInnen und kulturpolitische Institutionen beschreibt. ; Dictionary of a province during the National Socialist era ("Oberdonau"), understood as a regional literary subsystem described in terms of the interaction of authors and literary institutions

From Mummers to Madness surveys the evolution of popular music in England from the mid-Georgian to mid-Elizabethan years. It considers the major socio-economic and technological developments that impacted profoundly on the production and consumption of music, and seeks to explain how popular music both shaped and responded to these changes.

Obdachlose sind Teil der Großstadt. Sie leben mitten unter uns und dennoch verborgen in Asylen oder Verschlägen. Nadine Recktenwald blickt in die historischen Räume der Obdachlosen. Sie untersucht deren Erfahrungen mit urbanen Strukturen, sozialstaatlichen Maßnahmen und gesellschaftlicher In- und Exklusion. Eine aufschlussreiche Sozial- und Stadtgeschichte der Obdachlosen in der Weimarer Republik, im Nationalsozialismus und in der Bundesrepublik.