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Introduction: Justice - revenge or reconciliation? -- Thou shalt not kill -- A starting point: Cesare Beccaria -- The law of forgiveness, the reality of vengeance -- The murderer's confession -- The earthly city, the right to kill, and the ecclesiastical power to intercede -- Bodies and souls: conflicts and power plays -- Confessions and communion for the condemned: a rift between church and state -- Buried with donkeys: the fate of the body -- A special burial place -- The criminals' crusade -- "I received his head into my hands" -- Factional conflict and mob justice in the late Middle Ages -- "Holy justice": the turning point of the fifteenth century -- The service -- Political crimes -- Rome, a capital -- Reasoning on death row: the birth and development of the arts of comforting -- A charity of nobles and the powerful: the new social composition of the companies -- The voices of the condemned -- Compassionate cruelty: Michel de Montaigne and Catena -- The fate of the body -- Public anatomy -- Art and spectacle at the service of justice -- Capital punishment as a rite of passage -- The arrival of the Jesuits: confession and the science of cases -- Laboratories of uniformity: theoretical cases and real people -- Devotions for executed souls: precepts and folklore -- Dying without trembling: the Carlo Sala case and the end of the Milanese confraternity -- Comforting of the condemned in Catholic Europe -- "...y piddiendo a Dios misericordialo matan": the Jesuits and the export of comforting around the world -- The German world, the Reformation, and the new image of the executioner -- Printing and scaffold stories: models compared -- The slow epilogue of comforting in nineteenth-century Italy.

Wine has held its place for centuries at the heart of social and cultural life in western Europe. This book will explain how and why this came about, providing a thematic history of wine and the wine trade in Europe in the middle ages from c.1000 to c.1500. Wine was one of the earliest commodities to be traded across the whole of western Europe. Because of its commercial importance, more is probably known about the way viticulture was undertaken and wine itself was made, than the farming methods used with most other agricultural products at the time

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of figures -- List of map -- Notes of contributors -- Introduction -- 1 Gaudeamus igitur in Bononia dum sumus: A network of Polish students in Italy in the late Middle Ages -- 2 A Venetian merchant in Poland: The life and times of Pietro Bicherano -- 3 How to develop a trade network as a newcomer without getting married? Examples from the account book of Danzig merchant Johan Pyre -- 4 Marriage networks and building structures of power within the urban communities between the Drava River and the Adriatic Sea: A comparative approach -- 5 Inclusion and exclusion. Intercultural relationships in Old Warsaw in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in light of the municipal registers -- 6 The diplomacy of Sigismund of Luxembourg in the dispute between the Teutonic Knights and Poland-Lithuania -- 7 The coat of arms of Louis II, King of Hungary and Bohemia, in the choir of Barcelona Cathedral. The role and significance of the Jagiellonian dynasty in the nineteenth assembly of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1519 -- 8 Rome, Rostock and a remote region: Art commissions and networks of Livonian bishops -- 9 What links the Last Judgement triptych by Hans Memling with Florence, Rome, Nuremberg, Breisach and Cracow? -- 10 Across boundaries. Artistic exchange (painting, sculpture) in the area between Gdańsk (Danzig) and Königsberg in the late Middle Ages -- 11 Distant enemies, yet allies in art? Remarks on supposed artistic relations between fourteenth-century Prussia and the Islamic and Byzantine cultures in the Middle East -- 12 Late medieval networks of faith: The West and the East. Fortified urbanity and religion in fifteenth-century illuminations produced in France -- Index.

Examines the parallels between the problems faced by Prime Minister John Major & his government over Europe & a comparative situation from the 13th century involving King John. It is shown that nationalism has been a leading force in politics far longer than chronocentric analysis has allowed. 59 References. Adapted from the source document.

Recent students of mysticism have sharply distinguished monistic from theistic mysticism. The former is more or less identified with the empty consciousness experience and the latter with the love mysticism of such figures as Bernard of Clairvaux. I argue that a sharp distinction between the two is unwarranted. Western medieval mystics, for example, combined the apophatic theology of Dionysius the Areopagite with the erotic imagery of the mystical marriage. Their experiences were clearly theistic but integrally incorporated 'monistic moments'. I conclude by discussing Nelson Pike's claim that these monistic moments were themselves phenomenologically theistic.

Intro -- Contents -- List Of Acronyms And Abbreviations -- Foreword -- General Introduction -- Part One From Inception To The Greek Crisis (1949-1969) -- Part Two Seeking A Distinct Identity (1969-1989) -- Part Three The Renaissance Of The Council Of Europe As A Pan-European Organisation (1989-2009) -- General Conclusion -- Chronology Of Events -- List Of Agreements, Charters And Conventions -- Lists Of Prominent Personalities -- Bibliography.

Disability and Medieval Law: History, Literature and Society is an intervention in the growing and complex field of medieval disability studies. The size of the field and the complexity of the subject lend themselves to the use of case studies: how a particular author imagines an injury, how a particular legal code deals with (and sometimes creates) injury to the human body. While many studies have fruitfully insisted on theoretical approaches, Disability and Medieval Law considers how medieval societies directly dealt with crime, punishment, oath-taking, and mental illness. When did medieval law take disability into account in setting punishment or responsibility? When did medieval law choose to cause disabilities? How did medieval authors use disability to discuss not only law, but social relationships and the nature of the human?The volume includes essays on topics as diverse as Francis of Assissi, Margery Kempe, La Manekine, Geoffrey Chaucer, early medieval law codes, and the definition of mental illness in English legal records, by Irina Metzler, Wendy J. Turner, Amanda Hopkins, Donna Trembinski, Marian Lupo and Cory James Rushton.