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This book is a collection of articles covering the theme of interaction. Interaction combines two crucial elements: the intrapersonal and the interpersonal. Accordingly, the authors approach this issue from two complementary perspectives: from the internal and external or cognitive and social perspective. The papers that take the former perspective focus on cognitive bases of interaction, on the representation of motion, on metaphor and metonymy, or gestures, perception and cognition. The topic that dominates the papers that take the social stance towards the topic of interaction is identity

"In the period following the country's independence in 1981, Kriol has risen to the level of a national language. While the prestige enjoyed by English and Spanish is indisputable, a range of historical and socio-economic developments has given Kriol an elevated status in the coastal districts at the potential expense of more vulnerable minority languages also spoken there. Using fieldwork, ethnographic observations, interviews, and surveys of language attitudes and use, Gómez Menjívar and Salmon show the attenuation of Mopan and Garifuna alongside the stigmatized yet robust Kriol language. Examin[es] how large-scale economic restructuring can unsettle relationships among minority languages" --

This paper deals with linguistic inequality and the use of standard language. Language inequality has a wide and multifaceted meaning with several interpretations. It should be noted that the habits of informal use of the language do not define all inequality because the same user in another circumstance may use the language standard and manage to indicate a certain degree of use of the language. From the research with students of Albanian language, it turns out that these students, starting from the first year of the studies, show the efforts, the ability and the skills of using the linguistic standard despite a linguistic conformism. Linguistic individuality highlights the linguistic inequality.
Language inequality has linguistic or limited language deficits on written and speech discourse. Meanwhile, the text sublimates the individual skills of writing, brainstorming, text planning, linguistic coherence and cohesion, according to an elaborate linguistic code. Furthermore, we see that language inequality is relative, because everyone who writes or speaks, under certain conditions, has his / her linguistic competence and individuality. In my research on students` texts are noticed some elements dealing with linguistic inequality and use standard language.
Key words: Language Competence, Standard Language, Language Inequality, Language Deficit, Restricted Code, Elaborated Code.

Czech, a clear case of a language having a Standard and a strong central vernacular with intensive shifting between them, offers many points of general interest to sociolinguists. This volume is divided in 5 chapters and opens with a general discussion of language varieties. 'The Two Central Language Formations in Czech' gives a summary description of the Czech central vernacular. This is followed by a chapter on 'The Origin and Opposition of Standard and Common Czech' and in the next chapter code switching between Standard and Common Czech is discussed. The concluding chapter presents starting points for a theoretical description of a national language with intralingual variation and a preliminary formulation of perspectives on the stratification of Czech.

Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures and Images -- Acknowledgements -- Sources -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1. Finding the language -- Twittering away -- The six functions of language -- Axes of combination -- Creativity -- Conclusion -- 2. The language of law -- Up close and odd -- Saying it twice -- The sign -- Compounding the complexity -- Laying it out -- Putting it together -- Searching for clarity -- Conclusion -- 3. Don't do it! -- Read this! -- Doing things with words: speech acts -- Happy yet? -- Did you mean it? -- Is that a promise or a threat? -- More than words -- What is it? -- Conclusion -- 4. That's not what I meant! -- Not wanting to say -- Presupposition -- A meeting with the law -- Is silence golden? -- When a question is not a question -- Conclusion -- 5. The trials of language -- Stating and statements -- The courtroom context -- Examining examination -- The counter argument -- Who is speaking to whom? -- Conclusion -- 6. Different language different rules -- Not the standard variety -- Aboriginal English -- More than one silence -- Moving between languages -- Details, details -- Which language? -- Where are you from? -- Conclusion -- 7. The CSI effect? -- Three ways to find a speaker -- It's my word! -- Making it clear -- Listening, looking and measuring -- Fingerprinting a voice? -- Painting a picture -- Lining them up -- Too clever for court -- One solution -- Did you hear what he said? -- Conclusion -- 8. The pen is mighty -- Put it in writing -- The trouble with 'the' -- Do you really remember? -- A particular hand? -- Keeping it short -- Missing -- Lying? Can we tell? -- Conclusion -- 9. Once upon a time -- It's not what you say … -- Narratives in pieces -- The instructive narrative -- Judgement as story -- Story in and of the trial -- Conclusion -- 10. Signs in time and space.

Language Shattered is both a history of poetry from the People's Republic of China and a case study of the oeuvre of a leading Chinese poet. After the stifling orthodoxy of the 1950s and early 1960s, the terror of the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) brought official Chinese literature to a total standstill. At the same time, disillusioned youths were more or less accidentally exposed to a varied body of foreign literature and began writing underground poetry. In the 1980s this poetry scene, now above ground, became one of pluriformity and proliferation in both official and unofficial circuits. The brutal suppression of the 1989 Protest Movement gave it an exile offshoot. The historical overview in Part I of this book is complemented in Part II by a discussion of Duoduo's poetry. Duoduo's career as a poet reflects the vicissitudes of Chinese Experimental poetry - and his beautiful, headstrong poems merit attention in themselves. They show that Chinese poetry is not just of interest as a chronicle of Chinese politics, but as literature in its own right.

Archaeology and Language III: Artefacts, Languages and Texts. Roger Blench and Matthew Spriggs. eds. New York: Routledge, 1999.302 pp.