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In the capitalist economies and in modern times, the privension of the principles of taxation by lowmakers are of an imperative importance. Some of these principles have put on an absolute power and have been provided to the constitution of democratic republics. There are two basic principles of taxation which are recognized by most of the Europian Countries.The principle of legality and the principle of the ability to pay (solvency). These two principles are expressed in the constitution of Germany, France, and Italy. Article 155, in our country's constitution, provides only the principle of legality, the other principle is not provided under the Albanian constitution. Through a meta|analysis methodology, I want to emphazise that in my belive, a further guarantee is needed and it can be achieved through the implementation of both principles of the "legality" and the"ability to pay". What impressed me most in the Europian constitutions that provide sush principles, is the fact that these principles create a consistency and fiscal stability that will last through time. It is exactly what aims to achive our legislator today, that fiscal maturity which will resist time and will be stable over time. I belive that in the near future an amendment should and will be made by the legislator to make a future incorporation of the two principles. According to the signed agreement of Stabilization and Association (MSA, which entered into force on April 1, 2009), fulfillment of the Copenhagen criteria (1993), along with the signing of the agreement of the receiving country's potential to become part of the European Union, Albania had to undertake a series of reforms, in institutional and economic character. And I belive that this reforms should begin by establishing principles that will serve as the foundation stones for all future fiscal legislation. DOI:10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n2p291

Proceedings Paper (for Acquisition Research Program) ; There is increasing dissatisfaction with cost growth in major defense acquisition programs. Cost growth crowds out other investments, stresses budgets or causes schedule slips, all of which result in a military force that is less capable than previously expected. Several recent studies have recommended two categories of reforms: capital budgeting reforms seek stability in acquisition accounts, and rational cost model reforms seek to reduce the percentage increase of final cost over budget estimates. In both categories, undesirable secondary effects may be worse than the desirable primary effects; specifically, reforms that reduce cost growth may do so by driving total costs higher. This study examines these reforms and discusses their secondary effects. The paper concludes that the current practice of generating low estimates, coupled with dissatisfaction with cost growth may best serve to limit total cost. ; Naval Postgraduate School Acquisition Research Program ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Epigraph -- Title page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 The End of the World -- Chapter 2 Tommy Chocolate -- Chapter 3 Beware of Greeks Bearing Gifts -- Chapter 4 A Day in the Life -- Chapter 5 Buy the Cash Boys a Curry! -- Chapter 6 Anything With Four Legs -- Chapter 7 No One's Clean-Clean -- Chapter 8 The Sheep Will Follow -- Chapter 9 Escape to London -- Chapter 10 Goodbye, Big Nose -- Chapter 11 The Call -- Chapter 12 Crossing the Street -- Chapter 13 "What the Fuck Kind of Bank Is This?" -- Chapter 14 Just Keep Swimming -- Chapter 15 The Ballad of Diamond Bob -- Chapter 16 The Switcheroo -- Chapter 17 The Trial -- Afterword -- Epilogue: The Wild West -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Index -- EULA

The treaties are considered as the most important way for the country to promote its foreign policy. In general, it results from military work, so the winner will use it to fulfill its aims that were not achieved through the war. This study deals with a treaty which was signed by the Ottoman and the Russian empires in 1774. This research also shows the terms of the treaty and its effects. It also explains the Fiqhi issues raised in it, and indicates if it is compatible with the legitimate constraints of international treaties in Islamic Fiqh. The constraints include granting political independence to Crimea, paying huge restitution to the Russians, and waving some of their lands, which are not acceptable in Islamic law unless necessary. So, the Hanafi school scholars decided that treaties with a warring party is not acceptable at all unless it could assist Muslims in the war or to increase the state's strength. "It is permitted only as a way to fight, because then it will be a metaphorical way of fighting." [Al kasaniu: Badayie Alsanayie 7:108] Otherwise, the negotiator should achieve for the state which it would have to achieve by fighting. The study makes it clear that this happened in some terms of the treaty. Although it was widely deemed to be a curse, it is like a treasure for researchers in international relations and legitimate politics.

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