Suchergebnisse

Ahmed, Leila. Women and Gender in Islam. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992. ISBN 0-300-04942-0

Discusses the challenges of illiberal revealed theology, and how liberal theorists should address fundamentalist religions within liberal society.

Pressures from within (Islam) and without (globalization and European integration) have made Germans and the French feel apprehensive about their national identity and culture. Both countries are visibly struggling to defuse the potentially explosive mix of nationalism and fear of the Muslim "stranger," while defining citizenship for their marginalized and disenfranchised immigrants. The issue is no longer the building of "defensive citadels" of "Frenchness" or "Germanness," particularly since Germany has finally come to grips with the reality that the Gastarbeiter (guest workers) are there to stay. The challenge for Germany and France today is to define what kinds of values are essential for their countries' secular model of society and what kinds are negotiable.

To some, Islamic fundamentalism means the restoration of a true religion. To others, it is a politics that stands apart from capitalism and socialism. To many Westerners, it has come to constitute a threat to established order and international security. 'Holy Wars' comprises a non-partisan narrative that takes account of both the socio-cultural values expressed in fundamentalism, and its political consequences. Dilip Hiro's starting point is that fundamentalist forces have been active within Islam since the death of the Prophet Muhammad. He presents the two major sects, Sunnis and Shias, in this light.

Hassan al-Banna / Ahmad Moussalli -- Mawlana Mawdudi / Joshua T. White and Niloufer Siddiqui -- Sayyid Qutb / Shahrough Akhavi -- Ali Shariʻati / Shahrough Akhavi -- Ayatollah Khomenei / Mojtaba Mahdavi -- Hassan al-Turabi / Peter Woodward -- Rashid al-Ghannoushi -- Azzam Tamimi -- Yusuf al-Qaradawi / Bettina Gräf -- Muhammad Khatami / Mahmoud Sadri and Ahmad Sadri -- Abdolkarim Soroush / Behrooz Ghamari-Tabrizi

The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of a rather specifi c project of Islamism promoted by the Islamic Republic of Iran. Iranian Islamism is based on the ideas of Ayatollah Khomeini about the ideal "Islamic state", in which Islam has close contact with politics, with the government of the country. However, after the death of Ayatollah Khomeini, the country's new elite became more pragmatic about the mission of spreading the Shi'ite version of Islam. In particular, emphasis was placed on rapprochement with those countries and groups that showed friendly feelings to Tehran. In many respects this concerned the countries of the Arab region in which the Shi'a community was present or prevailed. One of these states is Yemen. In particular, Iran's participation in the Yemeni crisis, in which Tehran is trying to strengthen its own positions and prevent the strengthening of Saudi positions in Yemen by means of the Zaydi group of the Houthi, is being considered.