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International audience ; Populisme. La charge péjorative du mot est indéniable : il se situe du « côté obscur de la politique » – pour reprendre l'expression de la linguiste Marie-Anne Paveau. Sur la base d'une recherche aléatoire relative aux contextes et aux usages effectifs de ce « mot voyageur » dans une série hétéroclite de supports de communication, elle a confirmé ce qu'instinctivement le sens commun impose : l'indéniable connotation dépréciative de ce mot en isme.Droits de l'homme. C'est exactement l'inverse. Bien que les droits de l'homme aient toujours fait l'objet de discussions quant à leur fondement, leur nature, leurs titulaires, leur universalité – on ne peut pas affirmer qu'il y ait d'emblée – quand on prononce cette formule de « droits de l'homme » qui existe dans le patrimoine juridique mondial depuis 1789 – une charge politique négative aussi puissante, notamment dans le langage courant, que celle induite par le mot populisme .La mise en relation de ces deux termes paraît donc a priori étrange, voire inappropriée. Et pourtant, ces deux mots et les charges politiques qu'ils impliquent s'inscrivent dans des trajectoires particulièrement sinueuses, complexes lesquelles, en réalité, se croisent et s'entrecroisent pour le pire et le meilleur. Le pire, c'est l'instrumentalisation par les logiques populistes des faiblesses inhérentes au droit des droits de l'homme et des mécanismes de leur protection juridictionnelle ; tandis que le meilleur, c'est la riposte des juridictions des droits de l'homme contre les effets dévastateurs des régimes populistes. Avant d'examiner ces interactions complexes pour ne pas dire sinueuses, il n'est guère possible, au préalable, de faire l'économie du passage obligé consistant à savoir si les savants, qui se sont penchés sur l'étude du populisme – son histoire, ses caractéristiques, ses objectifs – ont réussi à le définir, d'autant plus quand on rappelle son « voisinage » linguistique avec le mot « populaire » qui entraîne systématiquement, toutes les confusions et les ...

Alors que l'exigence en trésorerie est accrue par la nécessité de rémunérer la main-d'oeuvre pour compléter le travail fourni par la famille, l'octroi de crédit de trésorerie est peu pris en compte dans l'organisation de la production cotonnière en Afrique francophone. L'étude est la première à aborder les conditions d'octroi et les impacts du crédit informel de trésorerie pour les producteurs de coton en Afrique francophone. L 'étude est basée sur l'analyse d'une politique particulière menée au Bénin, en 2012, d'octroi formel de crédit de trésorerie aux producteurs de coton. L'étude concerne le centre du Bénin où la politique mise en oeuvre a attiré les opérateurs de crédit informel qui ont ainsi révélé les conditions de leur intervention. L'étude a bénéficié de la collaboration des producteurs pour accéder aux données relatives aux crédits de trésorerie qu'ils avaient obtenus. Parmi les 537 producteurs de coton relevant de 15 coopératives, très peu ont échappé au recours aux opérateurs informels pour obtenir de la trésorerie, avec application d 'un taux d'intérêt annuel pouvant dépasser les 200%. En valeur, le remboursement de ce crédit peut équivaloir voire dépasser celui du crédit acquis pour les intrants, absorbant ainsi la marge monétaire dégagée de la culture du coton. Les conditions observées du crédit informel ont enfermé les producteurs dans une trappe d'endettement et de pauvreté, au bénéfice d 'acteurs ignorés de la filière cotonnière. Dans un contexte de raréfaction de la main-d'oeuvre familiale et de monétisation exacerbée, une absence ou inadaptation de politique de crédit formel de trésorerie aux paysans cultivant du coton pourrait surtout transférer le profit de cette culture aux acteurs de crédit informel et usuraire. Le recours au crédit de trésorerie devrait être davantage étudié et pris en compte dans l'organisation et la gestion des filières cotonnière.

A circular economy relies on demonstrating the quality and environmental safety of wastes that are recovered and reused as products. Policy-level risk assessments, using generalised exposure scenarios, and informed by stakeholder communities have been used to appraise the acceptability of necessary changes to legislation, allowing wastes to be valued, reused and marketed. Through an extensive risk assessment exercise, summarised in this paper, we explore the burden of proof required to offer safety assurance to consumer and brand-sensitive food sectors in light of attempts to declassify, as wastes, quality-assured, source-segregated compost and anaerobic digestate products in the United Kingdom. We report the residual microbiological and chemical risks estimated for both products in land application scenarios and discuss these in the context of an emerging UK bioeconomy worth £52bn per annum. Using plausible worst case assumptions, as demanded by the quality food sector, risk estimates and hazard quotients were estimated to be low or negligible. For example, the human health risk of E. coli 0157 illness from exposure to microbial residuals in quality-assured composts, through a ready-to-eat vegetable consumption exposure route, was estimated at ~10−8 per person per annum. For anaerobic digestion residues, 7 × 10−3 cases of E. coli 0157 were estimated per annum, a potential contribution of 0.0007% of total UK cases. Hazard quotients for potential chemical contaminants in both products were insufficient in magnitude to merit detailed quantitative risk assessments. Stakeholder engagement and expert review was also a substantive feature of this study. We conclude that quality-assured, source-segregated products applied to land, under UK quality protocols and waste processing standards, pose negligible risks to human, animal, environmental and crop receptors, providing that risk management controls set within the standards and protocols are adhered to.

Valorization of lignocellulosic biomass becomes a sustainable alternative against the constant depletion and environmental problems of fossil sources necessary for the production of chemicals and fuels. In this context, a wide range of renewable raw materials can be obtained from lignocellulosic biomass in both polymeric (i.e. cellulose, starch, lignin) and monomeric (i.e. sugars, polyols, phenols) forms. Lignin and its derivatives are interesting platform chemicals for industry, although mainly due to its refractory characteristics its use has been less considered compared to other biomass fractions. To take advantage of the potentialities of lignin, it is necessary to isolate it from the cellulose/ hemicellulosic fraction, and then apply depolymerization processes; the overcoming of technical limitations being a current issue of growing interest for many research groups. In this review, significant data related to the structural characteristics of different types of commercial lignins are presented, also including extraction and isolation processes from biomass, and industrial feedstocks obtained as residues from paper industry under different treatments. The review mainly focuses on the different depolymerization processes (hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis, hydrodeoxygenation, pyrolysis) up to now developed and investigated analyzing the different hydrocarbons and aromatic derivatives obtained in each case, as well as the interesting reactions some of them may undergo. Special emphasis is done on the development of new catalysts and catalytic processes for the efficient production of fuels and chemicals from lignin. The possibilities of applications for lignin and its derivatives in new industrial processes and their integration into the biorefinery of the future are also assessed. ; Financial support by Spanish Government (CTQ-2015-67592, CTQ2016-81848-REDT, and SEV-2016-0683) and by PhosAgro/UNESCO/IUPAC Partnership (Proj. 139) is gratefully acknowledged. M.C-S. thanks ITQ for this post-doctoral stay support. ; Peer reviewed

Ljudsko je lice spolno dimorfna karakteristika, a morfologija lica povezana je s različitim biološkim markerima. Prilikom percepcije lica druge osobe pojedinci stvaraju dojmove o spolu, dobi, etničkoj pripadnosti, ali i emocionalnim stanjima i osobinama ličnosti te osobe. Ovaj je proces automatski, iznimno brz i uključen je u sve situacije socijalne interakcije. Brojna istraživanja upućuju na to da ljudi imaju pristranosti prema određenim fenotipima lica prilikom donošenja odluke o tome tko bi trebao biti vođa njihove grupe, bilo da je riječ o ekonomskim ili političkim grupama. U ovom će preglednom radu biti prikazani nalazi koji iz perspektive evolucijske psihologije pokušavaju razjasniti nastanak i funkciju spomenutih pristranosti. Kao glavni teorijski okviri bit će predstavljeni: evolucijska teorija vodstva, biosocijalni model kategorizacije vođa te hipoteza evolucijske kontingencije. Nadalje, bit će opisana istraživanja koja pokazuju da ljudi preferiraju vođe s licima koja izgledaju kompetentno, ovisno o kontekstu muževno ili ženstveno, te privlačno. Na koncu, bit će prikazani određeni nedostaci istraživanja u ovom području, zajedno sa smjernicama za buduća istraživanja. ; Human face is a sexually dimorphic trait, and its morphology is related to various biological markers. During face perception, people make several inferences about others, such as sex, age, ethnicity, emotional state or personality traits. This process is automatic and rapid, and is included in all forms of social interactions. Some studies indicate that people have certain biases towards specific facial phenotypes during decision-making about who is the best candidate to be a group leader in an economic or political context. In this review paper, origins and functions of aforementioned biases will be discussed from an evolutionary psychological perspective. Evolutionary leadership theory, biosocial leadership categorization model and evolutionarycontingency hypothesis will be presented as the main theoretical frameworks in the field. Moreover, findings regarding bias towards perceived facial competence, masculinity-femininity and attractiveness will be described. Lastly, some limitations in the field will be addressed, together with the recommendations for future studies.

This paper investigates the links between architecture and its social purpose and focuses specifically on the building and institution known today as the Public Open University Zagreb (Pučko otvoreno učilište Zagreb – POUZ), which was previously called Moša Pijade Workers' (and People's) University (Radničko (i narodno) sveučilište "Moša Pijade" – RANS). The paper examines the innovative and experimental nature of the architectural concept of socially engaged architecture as part of the societal modernisation of the 1950s and 1960s, as well as changes to its function up to the present post-socialist condition. The authors discuss the complex relationship between employees, beneficiaries, programmes and the architectural design and the political, economic and social context. The aim is to explore sociocultural categories and how culture, work, education and the city interacted with one another during different time periods. By using theoretical and methodological insights gleaned from cultural anthropological approaches to space and architecture, the paper demonstrates how the identity, significance and values ascribed to the production of public space were shaped, medialized and modified through time. ; U radu se istražuju poveznice između arhitekture i njezine društvene uloge na primjeru zgrade i ustanove Pučkog otvorenog učilišta Zagreb (POUZ), nekada Radničkog (i narodnog) sveučilišta "Moša Pijade" (RANS). Težište je na inovativnom i eksperimentalnom karakteru arhitektonskog koncepta društveno angažirane arhitekture u kontekstu modernizacije društva 1950-ih i 1960-ih godina, kao i na promjenama njezine funkcije u postsocijalističkom razdoblju. Autorice istražuju kompleksan odnos zaposlenika, korisnika, programa i arhitektonskog dizajna s jedne, te političkog, ekonomskog i društvenog konteksta s druge strane. Cilj je istražiti sociokulturne kategorije i odnose između kulture, rada, obrazovanja i grada u različitim razdobljima. Pritom se, korištenjem kulturnoantropoloških teorijskih i metodoloških pristupa prostoru i arhitekturi, razmatra kako su se identitet, važnost i vrijednosti koje su pripisivane javnom prostoru oblikovali, medijalizirali i mijenjali tijekom vremena.

This paper will focus on the European Parliament Ambassador School Programme, whose aim is to create a permanently increasing network of schools across the European Union. Gimnazija Nova Gorica became part of the network in 2016, and since then the school has en-gaged with the Slovenian European Parliament Liaison Office, the European Parliament and its Members, and has carried out teaching activities that raise awareness of Europe, European democracy and citizenship at large. This paper will also demonstrate various activities and events organized by Junior Ambassador students at Gimnazija Nova Gorica and their mentors. Not only does the European Parliament Ambassador School Programme enable students to develop critical thinking, teamwork and problem-solving skills, but it also helps participants raise concerns about issues concerning the European Uni-on and develop their ideas for a better Europe in the context of multilingualism and multicultural EU policy. ; Članak se usredotočuje na program "Škola ambasador Europskog parlamenta", koja ostvaruje razvijajuću se mrežu škola ambasadorica u Europskoj uniji. Gimnazija Nova Gorica uključuje se u program 2016. godine i sve od tada izvodi obrazovne djelatnosti u stalnoj suradnji sa Uredom Europskog parlamenta u Sloveniji, Europskim parlamentom te njegovim predstavnicima – europskim zastupnicima. Projekt je prije svega namijenjen osvješćivanju mladih o Europi, europskoj parlamentarnoj demokraciji i europskom državljanstvu. Pored toga u članku su predstavljeni različiti događaji i aktivnosti, koje su mladi ambasadori zajedno sa mentoricama organizirali u Gimnaziji Nova Gorica. Program "Škola ambasador Europskog parlamenta" ne samo da učenicima omogućuje razvijanje vještina kritičnog mišljenja, sudjelovanja i rješavanja problema, već i pripomaže k tome, da se učenici suočavaju sa problemima s kojima se Europska unija suočava, te traže rješenja koja bi pripomogla k tome, da bi buduća Europa postala takvom, kakvom si želimo u kontekstu višejezičnosti i višekulturnosti.

The data collection was done by using; documentation, observation, and interviews. Data were analyzed qualitatively through data reduction, display/presentation of data, and conclusion/verification. The results showed that; 1) governance institutions in the implementation of Ambon IAIN Tridarma not running optimally and satisfactorily. The fundamental issue is due to weak work culture, the lack of consolidation and utilization of academic resources, and lack of commitment, awareness and a sense of collective responsibility to understand, appreciate and execute the vision, mission, tasks, functions and programs are consistently under applicable laws; 2) Application of the principles of good university governance in institutional governance as a whole is still relatively weak. Indication of the weakness was seen; a) the lack of transparency, especially in terms of regulation, management and implementation of the budget; b) Accountability in terms of public accountability which demands an increase in PT's ability to maximize available resources effectively and efficiently to achieve the expected results, in this context IAIN not sufficiently accountable; c) Responsibility is still relatively weak, many neglected issues, the activities and performance of quality not still often done repeatedly so IAIN not yet reached the high quality; d) Independence, space for creating, innovating is open to all parties, the problem is the individual consciousness academicians who have maximum independence in utilizing space to develop professionalism, except to the work that are routine, structural and formalistic; e) Fairness or equality in relation to the consolidation and utilization of academic resources to participate in various academic agenda has not seen enough fairness. 3) Quality IAIN Ambon is currently in the category of good or moderate. The achievement of quality is closely related to the level of implementation of the principles of GUG that are not yet consistent and maximum. If the principles of GUG can be ...

79 Páginas: Tablas; Figuras. ; The objective of this research was to identify the social influence tactics proposed by Robert Cialdini in the political speech of 3 candidates for the presidency of Colombia in 2018, the above was done through the written political program of the 3 candidates and two presidential debates in which the 3 were present, these debates were conducted by the country's media. The analysis of contextual and content data with a corpus of 9 documents, 3 for each of the candidates, is used as the basis. The results identify that, although the candidates use all the principles of social influence, they use them in different measures and the tactics vary in different contexts, as an example, it is possible that in the political program it uses the principle of reciprocity, but in The debate uses the principle of commitment and coherence more frequently. ; El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar las tácticas de influencia social propuestas por Robert Cialdini en el discurso político de 3 candidatos a la presidencia de Colombia en el 2018; lo anterior se realizó por medio del programa político escrito de los candidatos y dos debates presidenciales en los que estuvieron presentes los 3; dichos debates fueron realizados por medios de comunicación del país. Se usó como base el análisis de datos textuales y de contenido con un corpus de 9 documentos, 3 por cada uno de los candidatos. En los resultados se identificó que, si bien los candidatos usan todos los principios de influencia social, las usan en medidas distintas y varían las tácticas en diversos contextos; como ejemplo, es posible que en el programa político use el principio de reciprocidad, pero en el debate use con mayor frecuencia el principio de compromiso y coherencia. ; Magíster en Psicología del Consumidor ; Maestría

The article sets out to study the Ni Una Menos Perú 2016 movement with the objectives of identifying and analyzing the game of tensions and negotiations between the several feminist collectives that participated in the August 13, 2016 march. This march presents different ways of carrying out politics between new collectives and established feminist organizations in a context of global relations, social networks, and within the authoritarian Peruvian society. This interaction also reveal the intersection between gender and race, class, and ethnicity. The study seeks to address how a movement that became a platform for thousands of women who brave to narrate violence accounts to which they were subjects, become fragmented. The study consists of seven in-depth interviews to members of the most active and diverse collectives. ; El presente artículo se propone estudiar el movimiento Ni Una Menos Perú 2016, con el objetivo de identificar y analizar el juego de tensiones y negociaciones que se presentan entre las diversas colectivas feministas que participaron en la marcha del 13 de agosto del 2016. En esta se evidencian distintas maneras de hacer política entre las colectivas y las organizaciones feministas institucionalizadas, en un contexto globalizado, del surgimiento de los movimientos sociales en red, y en una sociedad autoritaria como la peruana. Asimismo, en esta interacción se observa cómo el género se intersecta con la raza, clase y la etnicidad. Intento plantear algunas hipótesis que expliquen cómo este movimiento, que como indica Melucci (1994, p. 121), se inscribe en los nuevos movimientos sociales, y se distancia de formas tradicionales de organización política. Así, Ni Una Menos se transformó en un escaparate donde miles de mujeres se atrevieron a narrar situaciones de violencia en las que fueron sometidas, y donde participaron diversas colectivas y organizaciones feministas, que finalmente terminaron fragmentándose. Este estudio es una primera aproximación desde una perspectiva cualitativa.

The nature of indigenous justice has generally been shown to be well known in the context of the Ecuadorian legal culture, with political approaches predominating that identify it indiscriminately between different categories that are not always compatible. The absence of a theoretical foundation that has emanated exclusively from the legal sciences has allowed the proliferation and elevation of reductionist beliefs within the Ecuadorian society, in such a way that the whimsical interpretations, that observe in the institution in examine, are not strange. Pre-Columbian punitive havoc and an opera marked by cold water and nettle. The present essay intends to reexamine the main theses that have been advanced about the nature of indigenous justice, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses that are evident at the time of its application. In addition to the negative implications that have been demonstrated by their adoption by the Ecuadorian legal texts. ; La naturaleza de la justicia indígena se ha mostrado generalmente como consabida en el contexto de la cultura jurídica ecuatoriana, predominando enfoques políticos que la identifican indiscriminadamente entre distintas categorías no siempre compatibles. La ausencia de un fundamento teórico que haya emanado exclusivamente de las ciencias jurídicas ha permitido la proliferación y encumbramiento de creencias reduccionistas dentro de la sociedad ecuatoriana, de modo tal que no son extrañas las interpretaciones antojadizas que observan en la institución in examine un estrago punitivo precolombino y una ópera marcada por el agua fría y la ortiga. Ante esto, el presente ensayo pretende reexaminar críticamente las principales tesis que se han esgrimido sobre la naturaleza de la justicia indígena, a fin de demostrar las debilidades que se evidencian al momento de su aplicación; además de las negativas implicancias que han demostrado sus adopciones por los órganos estatales ecuatorianos.

L'objectif de cette étude est de fournir un panorama exhaustif des mesures fiscales et sociales prisesdepuis le début du quinquennat d'Emmanuel Macron. Nous analysons les mesures votées, leurmontée en charge et les conséquences sur la trajectoire budgétaire ainsi que la répartition des prélèvements entre les ménages et les entreprises. Dans un deuxième temps, nous évaluons l'impact sur lacroissance du PIB et sur le pouvoir d'achat des ménages. Enfin, nous analysons l'impact redistributifdes mesures socio-fiscales. Les principaux enseignements de l'étude sont :■ En 2019, un rééquilibrage rapide et massif en faveur des ménages moins aisés sera opéré, sousl'effet notamment des mesures pour répondre à la crise des « gilets jaunes ».■ Du côté des entreprises, l'année 2019 sera marquée par la transformation du CICE en baisse decotisations sociales. Cette transformation occasionnera en 2019 un surcoût ponctuel pour lesfinances publiques de l'ordre de 20 milliards d'euros. A contrario, de nouvelles mesures sont apparues, comme la hausse du dernier acompte d'IS pour les grandes entreprises et la taxe GAFAnationale.■ Afin de financer, partiellement, la baisse des prélèvements obligatoires, un effort significatifd'économies structurelles sur la dépense publique sera maintenu en 2019. Cet effort ciblera enpriorité la masse salariale non marchande (incluant les contrats aidés) et la politique du logement.À cela s'ajoute la non indexation sur l'inflation des pensions de retraite et de la plupart des prestations sociales. En revanche, le budget alloué à la prime d'activité devrait fortement augmenter.■ Dans ce contexte, la baisse du déficit ininterrompue depuis 2010 marquera une pause, il devraitrepasser au-dessus du seuil des 3 %. Malgré tout, la dette publique au sens de Maastricht resteraitquasiment stable, en points de PIB.■ En 2019, la politique budgétaire nationale aurait un impact élevé sur la croissance du PIB, de0,5 point, grâce en particulier aux mesures issues de la crise des « gilets jaunes » qui à elles ...

International audience ; Implementing circular economy (CE) principles is increasingly recommended as a convenient solution to meet the goals of sustainable development. New tools are required to support practitioners, decision-makers and policy-makers towards more CE practices, as well as to monitor the effects of CE adoption. Worldwide, academics, industrialists and politicians all agree on the need to use CE-related measuring instruments to manage this transition at different systemic levels. In this context, a wide range of circularity indicators (C-indicators) has been developed in recent years. Yet, as there is not one single definition of the CE concept, it is of the utmost importance to know what the available indicators measure in order to use them properly. Indeed, through a systematic literature review-considering both academic and grey literature-55 sets of C-indicators, developed by scholars, consulting companies and governmental agencies, have been identified, encompassing different purposes, scopes, and potential usages. Inspired by existing taxonomies of eco-design tools and sustainability indicators, and in line with the CE characteristics, a classification of indicators aiming to assess, improve, monitor and communicate on the CE performance is proposed and discussed. In the developed taxonomy including 10 categories, C-indicators are differentiated regarding criteria such as the levels of CE implementation (e.g. micro, meso, macro), the CE loops (maintain, reuse, remanufacture, recycle), the performance (intrinsic, impacts), the perspective of circularity (actual, potential) they are taking into account, or their degree of transversality (generic, sector-specific). In addition, the database inventorying the 55 sets of C-indicators is linked to an Excel-based query tool to facilitate the selection of appropriate indicators according to the specific user's needs and requirements. This study enriches the literature by giving a first need-driven taxonomy of C-indicators, which is experienced on ...

Background. There are 32 teaching hospitals in France, including 30 University hospitals and 2 Regional teachinghospitals. Teaching hospitals have three roles: health care provision, training of healthcare professionals, and medicalresearch. These roles lead to frequent interactions with pharmaceutical and medical device companies, inevitably raisingmajor risks of conflicts of interests. Therefore, policies to manage conflict of interests (COI) are crucial. This study aimsto examine COI policies in French teaching hospitals.Methods. All French teaching hospitals (n=32) were included in this study. All hospitals websites were screened forinstitutional COI policies and curriculum on COI, using standardized keyword searches. More data were collected througha questionnaire addressed to each chief executive officer (CEO) of the teaching hospital. We used predefined criteria (n=20) inspired by similar surveys on COI policies in French, US and Canadian medical schools, with some additions toreflect the local hospital context. A global score for each hospital, ranging from 0 to 58 (higher scores denoting strongerpolicies) was calculated by summing points obtained for each criterion.Results. Three out of 32 (9%) CEOs replied to the questionnaire. All 32 hospitals had websites; 16 hospitals listed policiesor regulations on their websites or provided them on request. In December 2017, among the 32 hospitals, we foundthat 17 (53.1%) had rules and regulations for some items only, 4 (12.5%) have considered implementing a policy, two ofwhich (6.3%) have begun implementation. and 15 (46.9%) had no evidence of COI policies and a null score. The maximumglobal score was 24 out of 58, with a mean of 3.50 ± 5.72.Conclusion. This is the first systematic assessment of COI policies in teaching hospitals in France. Such policies areneeded to protect patients, clinicians and students from undue commercial influence. Despite public and political pressurefor better management of COI since France's benfluorex (Mediator) scandal of 2010, few ...

International audience ; The French EPC (Energy Performance Certificate) was implemented in 2006 to be mandatory for selling or renting a dwelling. From the beginning, the EPC's robustness was questioned. Field tests showed that, for the same building, two different energy labels could be obtained from auditors. Thus in 2012 the EPC was revised to make it more reliable by, among others , doubling the number of inputs in the calculation method. Unfortunately, recent investigations show that the problems persist whereas a law plans to make EPC enforceable against third persons in 2021. In this way, the French government has announced a new rework of the EPC for 2019. In this context we study the part in the dispersion of EPC's results due to the calculation method. In 2011 a first study consisted of an uncertainty propagation (Monte-Carlo method) and a sensitivity analysis in the initial version of the calculation method (2006 method) on the case of a single-family house. Using the same case and the same methodology (and also Sobol method), we are able to compare the differences between the initial and revised calculation methods. The revised version is not more accurate and some main sources of dispersion in the EPC's results are identified: • in all input modes, estimated energy consumption has increased while the EPC is known to overestimate actual consumption , • we observed a doubling of consumption's dispersion, • significant differences in results exist between the input modes ("precise input" vs. "default value" with threshold effects in the value tables), • a large part of discrepancy depends on the uncertainties on transmission coefficients of the thermal insulation and on the surface area. In conclusion, in association with the question of the qualification of diagnosticians, the calculation method must be deeply reworked so that the EPC becomes the main tool of the building stock refurbishment.