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In this article, multilevel latent class analysis is used to examine the structure of heavy alcohol use. A model with three latent classes (types) of people fits the data well: those who seldom suffer major consequences from heavy drinking, those who typically suffer only a small number of major consequences, and those who suffer serious consequences in a large number of areas of their lives. Individuals in the first class tend to be older, female, with domestic partners, more highly educated, employed, and either Catholic, Muslim, or Baptist.

The book begins by looking at the development of democracy in Islamic countries in both the Arab and non-Arab world. One global trend that has become evident following the Cold War, as Azra points out, has been the gradual increase in the numbers of countries that have adopted democracy. This phenomenon is not exclusive to Muslim countries. In this study, Azra cites the report, Freedom in the World 2000: The Democracy Cap, which explains the growth of democracy in lslamic countries in the Arab world where the impact has been quite clear.DOI:10.15408/sdi.v13i1.579

National elections in the Philippines took place on May 10, 2004, providing incumbent President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo with a six-year electoral mandate and control of both houses of Congress and most of the local governmental positions. However, the Arroyo administration faced a worsening budget deficit and debt crisis, increased incidence of hunger and poverty, pervasive corruption scandals in the military, inconclusive peace negotiations with communist guerrillas and Muslim separatists, and an unexpected twist in the country's relations with the United States, provoked by a crisis in the Philippines' involvement in Iraq.

An interview with Gijs de Vries, the European Union's first counter-terrorism coordinator, explores the definition of terrorism, current terrorist threats to the European Union, elements of the EU's counter-terrorism strategy, its anti-terrorism action plan, its preparedness for a WMD attack, efforts to deter the recruitment and radicalization of European Muslims by extremists, the effectiveness of the European arrest warrant, information sharing among EU members and with the United States, efforts to undermine terrorist financing, and his overall goals as EU counter-terrorism coordinator.

Langohr, Vickie: Experiments in multi-ethnic and multi-religious democracy. - S. 4-7 Zubaida, Sami: Communalism and thwarted aspirations of Iraqi citizenship. - S. 8-11 Meijer, Roel: The association of muslim scholars in Iraq. - S. 12-19 Jones, Toby: The Iraq effect in Saudi Arabia. - S. 20-25 Silverstein, Paul: States of fragmentation in North Asia. - S. 26-33 Alagha, Joseph: Hizballah after the Syrian withdrawal. - S. 34-39 Shaery-Eisenlohr, Roschanack: 'Ajamis in Lebanon: the non-Arab Arabs?. - S. 40-41 Bayat, Kaveh: The ethnic question in Iran. - S. 42-45

Thousands of books have been written on Yugoslavia's dissolution and the wars that followed in the 1990s. Most of them, however, deal with relations among the main ethno-nations of Yugoslavia, i.e., Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Bosniaks (Muslims), Montenegrins, Macedonians and Albanians, and the effects on them of the dissolution and wars. Hungarians and Italians of Yugoslavia also suffered, and the wars affected their destiny; but these peoples have rarely been mentioned in the context of this history. It is the aim of this article to fill the gap.

Der Beitrag liefert einen Einblick in die islamische Philanthropie, die eine lange Tradition des institutionalisierten Schenkens hat und eng mit den islamischen Ländern und ihren Kulturen verwurzelt ist. Dabei lassen sich folgende Formen des islamischen Schenkens unterscheiden: (1) Zakat, eine obligatorische Form des Schenkens für alle Muslime gemäß der islamischen Scharia zwecks Reinigung; (2) sadaqa ist eine freiwillige Schenkung, um dadurch Gott näher zu kommen; (3) heba sind Geschenke aus dem Eigentum oder Besitz, die seitens einer Person anderen Menschen während ihres Lebens zur Verfügung gestellt werden; (4) waqf ist ein System, das auf die Idee des institutionalisierten Schenkens zurückgeht, um Nachhaltigkeit zu garantieren; (5) Formen von awqaf, Stiftungen zur Errichtung und Erhaltung von Moscheen und religiösen Schulen. Zusammenfassend lässt sich feststellen, das die Traditionen des Schenkens im Islam innerhalb der islamischen Gesellschaften sehr präsent sind, insbesondere durch die Praktiken des zakat und sadaqa. (ICG2)

Analyzes the origins of Western supremacy over Islamic culture & civilization, focusing on the essentialist ethnocentric perspective of the "Other." The Western self-perception of supremacy is traced to the discovery of America, the expulsion of Muslims & Jews from Spain, colonialism, & the globalizing dynamics of the post-Cold War era. An essentialist understanding of the culture of the "Other," & thus of Islam, underlies the Western reaction to the armed conflict in Algeria, where, in the Western mind, forces of good (modernists & democrats) fight against evil (Islamic fundamentalists). J. Sadler

Deals with Mar. 1, 1994 incident in which Rashid Baz, a Lebanese livery cab driver, shot at a van of Hasidic Jewish boys, wounding several and killing Ari Halberstam, a Yeshiva student from Crown Heights, Brooklyn, New York. Included in a collection of articles under the overall title, "Aspects of American Islam". Issues of methods police use in investigating and deterring bias attacks, FBI treatment of terrorism in the US, and degree to which sentiment within and among members of the American Muslim community poses a threat to domestic security.

This article examines aspects of knowledge that are important to social work practice with Muslim clients: Islamic theology, prayers and the pillars of Islam (the shahada, or profession of faith; the salat, or practice of prayer five times daily; the zakat, or alms-giving; the siam, or fasting during the holy month of Ramadan; and the hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca). Major aspects include natural forms of social support, familial and marital mediation, conflict resolution, group cohesion and support, individual catharsis and psychological relief, and self-actualization.

Explores political underpinnings of government and media campaigns to vilify countries (as rogue states), leaders (Saddam Hussein), ethnic groups, refugees, Muslims, pedophiles, and other groups; 2000; 10 articles. Contents: Some throughly modern monsters, by Stanley Cohen; States of concern, by Noam Chomsky; Apocalypse now, by Edward Said; Double indemnity, by Jeremy Harding; Bathers, by Lala Meredith-Vula; Images of Islam, by Tahir Abbas; Fun conspiracy, by Andrzej Oseka; Monstermania and tabloid antics, by Roy Greenslade; Extreme measures, by Irena Maryniak; China's evil genius, by Robert Willoughby.

AbstractThis paper focuses on social and cultural aspects of food, given its centrality in identity processes and boundary setting. Such processes often are ambiguous and problematic. In particular, Uyghurs in Xinjiang draw on Muslim dietary prescriptions in order to reinforce boundaries between them and the Han Chinese, while at the same time an ongoing exchange between the two groups is also displayed in the food domain (food items, vocabulary, meal patterns, etc.).Uyghur attitudes to and beliefs about food need to be analysed within the broader context of ethnic relations in contemporary Xinjiang.

The rise of Islamist political movements through open electoral competition has constituted a challenge to the political systems of numerous Middle Eastern countries in recent years and has led to a rethinking of the question of compatibility between Islam and democracy. Esposito and Voll (1996, pp. 193-94) have pointed out that while many unquestioningly believe that Islam and democracy are fundamentally opposed, "many Muslims have made advocacy of democracy the litmus test for the credibility and legitimacy of regimes and for political parties and opposition."

The majority of political scientists studying democratization in the Third World avoid Muslim countries due to the difficulty posed by Islam religion which is intricately linked to politics. Indeed, analysis of the relationship between Islam and democracy is only speculative when separated from historical experience. As a religion, Islam does not take sides for or against democracy. The importance for this discussion is the human interpretation of religion in relation to political conflicts. I will deal with the issue of Islam and democracy throughout the Algerian experience from this perspective.

The majority of political scientists studying democratization in the Third World avoid Muslim countries due to the difficulty posed by Islam religion which is intricately linked to politics. Indeed, analysis of the relationship between Islam and democracy is only speculative when separated from historical experience. As a religion, Islam does not take sides for or against democracy. The importance for this discussion is the human interpretation of religion in relation to political conflicts. I will deal with the issue of Islam and democracy throughout the Algerian experience from this perspective.