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The Official response to Juvenile crime in many countries is underlain by both hypothesis and evidence. These approaches are assessed for similarities and differences in terms of their contribution to fairness, justice, crime control and crime prevention. The nature of formal procedures for the management and management of juvenile offenders and specific government and multilateral responses to child crime that provide the basis for a more uniform treatment of youth in the justice system follow a short historical examination of recognitions of childhood innocence.

Japan, South Korea, and China have all achieved high economic growth rates in a relatively short period of time; they also have shared values. The phenomenon of rapid economic growth in a short period, however, raises questions about government effectiveness in managing sociopolitical issues such as corruption, human rights, and crime. By using the 2003AsiaBarometersurveys, this article examines citizens' perceptions about government effectiveness on the issues of corruption, human rights, and crime as well as the economy in the three countries. It then looks at the impact of said perceptions on trust in political institutions such as the central government, the legal system, and the legislature. The multilevel estimates suggest that effective management of the economy primarily affects trust in the central government; how the government deals with corruption primarily affects trust in parliament; whereas the management of human rights as well as crime reflects on trust in the legal system.