Suchergebnisse

The lifting of international nuclear-related sanctions on Iran in January 2016 was enthusiastically
welcomed by the Islamic Republic's neighbours in the South Caucasus.
Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia have hoped that Iran's rapprochement with the West
and the unfreezing of some hundred billion dollars worth of assets abroad would lead
Iran to step up its trade and investment activities in the Caucasus, especially in the
energy and transport sectors. However, the anticipated benefits have been slow in coming,
as Iran has shown reluctance to fund infrastructural projects in the Caucasus. On
the other hand, there have been positive developments in trade and tourism flows
and the power transmission sector. On the whole, although Iran is interested in closer
economic cooperation with the South Caucasus, it relies on the region's countries to
provide the momentum and secure the resources necessary to achieve this goal. (Autorenreferat)

Relationship between economic prosperity, or its absence, and international affairs; 4 articles. Partial contents: The implications of slow growth, by Valéry Giscard d'Estang; Economic growth, governability, and entitlements, by Ralf Dahrendorf; The security implications of slow and uneven growth, by Richard Burt.

Based on discussions of small country agency in international relations, this article reexamines China–South Sudan relations from the perspective of asymmetric relationships. Detailing how the asymmetric relationship between China and South Sudan exacerbated misperceptions and conflict, the article also tests the feasibility of applying Brantly Womack's theory of asymmetry in relationships in a non-security context. As asymmetry is an underlying structural factor in China–South Sudan relations, managing the asymmetry will continue to be challenging for both China and South Sudan in the years to come. (China/GIGA)

"This comprehensive reference includes more than 300 up-to-date entries covering a wide range of topics in international trade, finance, production, and economic development. These topics include concepts and principles, models and theory, institutions and agreements, policies and instruments, analysis and tools, and sectors and special issues. Each entry includes cross-references and a list of sources for further reading and research"--Publisher's description

This article traces the metamorphosis of police surveillance's strategies in the files of the Intelligence Bureau of the Buenos Aires' Province Police department, where it can be observed how these surveillances changed their focus from the individual to the film content, thus censoring many films exhibited at the Mar del Plata International Film Festival. These files are inscribed within the Cold War political context, marked by Communist ideological repression. The comprehensive study of these archives led us to concentrate on the analysis of the manoeuvres, techniques and the specific language used in these files, which made us aware of the metamorphosis that has reorganised the space and the actors of the Argentine film industry ; Este artículo rastrea en los archivos policiales de la Dirección de Inteligencia de la Policía de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (DIPBBA) la metamorfosis de la vigilancia policial, donde se observa que dichas vigilancias se dirigieron del individuo hacia la censura del contenido de las películas exhibidas en el Festival Internacional de Cine de Mar del Plata (FIMP) de los años sesenta. Los archivos DIPBBA se inscriben dentro del contexto político de la represión ideológica comunista de la Guerra Fría. El exhaustivo estudio de estos archivos nos ha llevado a privilegiar el análisis de las maniobras, técnicas minúsculas y el lenguaje vertido en dichos folios, lo cual nos ha permitido percatarnos de esta metamorfosis que ha terminado reorganizando el espacio y los actores de la industria cinematográfica argentina.

This article contextualize the construction of the paradigm of poverty reduction in the international agenda, as a determining framework for the implementation of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs (CCT) in developing countries. It is proposed a theoretical reconstruction of its conceptual framework in line of conditioning, targeting and investing in human capital, as key elements for their implementation in Latin America as the most suitable and recommended instrument for the reduction of poverty in the region. Finally, in the light of the Colombian case and its "Familias en Acción" CCT Program results, set scientific and political consensus in its favor. By this, it is presented a theoretical and critical reflection about poverty and the development discourse at the junction of the sociology of inequality and development economics. ; El presente artículo pone en contexto la construcción del paradigma de la lucha contra la pobreza en la agenda internacional, como marco para la implementación de programas de transferencias condicionadas (PTC) en países en desarrollo. Se plantea una reconstrucción teórica de los fundamentos conceptuales reunidos en la fórmula de condicionar, focalizar e invertir en capital humano, como elementos técnicos que permiten el posicionamiento de estos programas en la política de asistencia social de los países de América Latina. Finalmente, a partir del caso colombiano, y los resultados del PTC "Familias en Acción" establecen el consenso científico y político a su favor. En éste sentido, se propone una reflexión teórica y crítica, en el cruce de la sociología de la desigualdad y la economía del desarrollo.

According to the legislation of Ukraine higher educationinstitutions (HEI) can start their activities only in the presence oflicenses. Licensing is the proof of the law way to carry out activities toprovide services for obtaining higher education at the level of statestandards. The purpose of such licensing is to establish compliancewith the program of activity of the declared status, to create equalopportunities for business entities in the market of educationalservices, to ensure the protection of the rights and legitimateinterests of the state and its customers services. This article analyzesthe experience of developed countries regarding the implementationof the licensing process institutions of higher education (educationalorganizations) and the prospects for its improvement in Ukraine. Theeducational process in any developed state is of great socio-economicsignificance, especially in modern conditions of decentralization ofpower, ensuring and increasing higher education quality. Now theeducation for youth and older people has been a stimulus for thedevelopment of the state, extremely noticeable role of education in thedevelopment of sectors of the national economy, the implementationof European integration processes, which is now moving Ukraine. Thatis why the socio-economic importance of education is now growing inthe world, as a whole, the education of citizens can influence theprocesses of initialization of local initiatives, especially in modernconditions in Ukraine. On the basis of the European Union'sexperience, new trends in improvement of the Ukrainian licensingsystem of the state administration have been substantiated, and theneed for changes in public policy to streamline the educationalprocess in accordance with Concept of sustainable development onthe conditions of increasing education quality. The new organizationaland economic mechanism of licensing activity is formed in Ukraine. ; Согласно законодательству Украины высшие учебныезаведения (ВУЗ) могут начать свою деятельность только приналичии лицензий. Лицензирование является доказательствомзаконного осуществления деятельности по оказанию услугвысшего образования на уровне государственных стандартов.Целью такого лицензирования является установлениесоответствия программе деятельности задекларированногостатуса, создание равных возможностей для хозяйствующихсубъектов на рынке образовательных услуг, обеспечение защитыправ и законных интересов государства и его клиентовобразовательных услуг. В данной статье анализируется опытразвитых стран по внедрению лицензионного процесса высшихучебных заведений (образовательных организаций) и перспективыего совершенствования в Украине. На основе опыта ЕвропейскогоСоюза обоснованы новые тенденции совершенствованияукраинской системы лицензирования, а также необходимостьвнесения изменений в государственную политику в целяхупорядочения образовательного процесса в соответствии с Концепцией устойчивого развития на условиях повышения качества образования. Предложен новый организационно-экономический механизм лецинзионной деятельности. ; Згідно законодавства України заклади вищої освіти (ЗВО) можуть розпочинати свою діяльність тільки за наявності ліцензій. Ліцензування – це підтвердження права ЗВО здійснювати діяльність щодо надання послуг для отримання вищої освіти на рівні державних стандартів. Метою такого ліцензування є встановлення відповідності програми діяльності ЗВО заявленому статусу, створення рівних можливостей для суб'єктів підприємництва на ринку освітніх послуг, забезпечення захисту прав і законних інтересів держави й замовників цих послуг. У даній статті проаналізовано досвід розвинених держав світу щодо реалізації ліцензійного процесу закладами вищої освіти (освітніми організаціями) та виявлено перспективи удосконалення його в Україні. На основі досвіду країн Європейського Союзу визначено нові тенденції удосконалення української системи ліцензування діяльності ЗВО, обґрунтовано необхідність проведення змін у державній політиці щодо раціоналізації освітнього процесу відповідно до концепції сталого розвитку на умовах підвищення якості освіти. Сформовано новий організаційно-економічний механізм ліцензійної діяльності в Україні.

The WTO has become a symbol of global economic prosperity for many students of international trade, and a symbol of exploitation and oppression of developing countries for some radical critics of globalization. The World Trade Organisation examines how the WTO functions as a public organization. It analyzes and evaluates the WTO from a public administration perspective which is absent from the current debate on WTO reforms dominated by the traditional view that only nation states matter. Bohne offers the first systematic empirical analysis of the functioning of the WTO as a public organization, based on 21 expert interviews with representatives of the WTO Secretariat, permanent missions of WTO members, international intergovernmental organizations and NGOs in Geneva, and on a written survey of permanent missions of all member states. This book is a theoretical perspective on the WTO and international organizations as actors of public administration.

Genesis -- Rise of the market economy -- Trade theory -- Trade policy -- Trade agreements -- International capital flows -- International labor flow -- Exchange rates -- Determination of exchange rates -- Managing exchange rate risk -- International financial crises -- Development economics

Relations of sovereign inequality permeate international politics, and a growing body of literature grapples with the question of how states establish and sustain hierarchy amidst anarchy. I argue that existing literature on hierarchy, for all its diverse insights, misses what makes hierarchy unique in world politics. Hierarchy is not simply the presence of inequality or stratification among actors, but rather an authority relationship in which a dominant actor exercises some modicum of control over a subordinate one. This authority relationship, moreover, is dramatically different than ones found in domestic hierarchies. It is shaped less by written laws or formal procedures, than by subtle forms of manipulation and the development of informal practices. For this reason, hierarchy cannot simply be reduced the to the dynamics of anarchy, and must be viewed as a relational phenomenon. Ties between actors create positions that permit dominant actors to appropriate and orchestrate the sharing of authority with subordinate intermediaries. This article develops this relational network approach, highlighting how concepts such as access, brokerage, and yoking can illuminate the processes by which authority is enlisted and appropriated in world politics.