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In this article, we propose the category of "foreign policy performance" in order to argue that a recognition of foreign policy's theatricality can illuminate its contribution to generative processes of social construction and world-making. We focus on the practice of summit diplomacy, which operates according to a "theatrical rationality" that blurs the boundary between substantive and symbolic politics. Noting that Donald Trump's presidency called into question many of international relations' prevailing assumptions regarding foreign policy's formulation and execution, we suggest that a performance-oriented analytic can facilitate a critical reckoning both with Trump himself and with the "statesmanlike" norms he eschewed. We read Trump's performances at international summits with reference to professional wrestling, which for all its melodramatic absurdity is a venerable and complex theatrical tradition with a highly developed critical language. Guided by four pieces of wrestling argot ("heat," "heel," "kayfabe," and "cutting a promo"), we use process-tracing techniques to develop a wrestling-oriented reading of Trump's 2018 summit with Kim Jong-Un in Singapore. We argue that using wrestling in order to read Trump and Kim's deviation from the conventional norms and repertoires of foreign policy performance enables a critical assessment of the stakes at play in their reconstruction and re-establishment.

Deals with the capacity of past and present forms of world organization to solve global problems and reviews alternatives such as a world government. Summary in English.

Der bestehende Rahmen globaler internationaler wirtschaftlicher Institutionen wird auf seine Tauglichkeit für ein verbessertes globales Management der Weltwirtschaft überprüft. Auf seiner Grundlage werden Vorschläge für den Ausbau des internationalen weltwirtschaftlichen Dialogs und der Entscheidungsverfahren für globale Problemlösungen entwickelt. (SWP-Spb)

Since the beginning of 2020, European Union (EU) institutions have adopted a number of measures in response to the corona pandemic to coordinate Member States' con­tain­ment efforts and provide European resources for joint reconstruction. The EU re­covery fund will set the course that will shape European integration. Nevertheless, despite its budgetary rights, the European Parliament (EP) has remained an onlooker for most of these decisions, as it did during the euro and refugee crises. In order to strengthen democratic legitimacy and the European perspective, the EP should be more closely involved in the EU recovery fund in the short term, and in the long term be given a co-decision role in the EU's crisis policy instruments. (author's abstract)

German and European businesses are highly dependent on metals. Demand for these raw materials is expected to grow even further as they will be needed for the green energy and electric mobility tran­sition, digitalisation and other emerging technologies. Geopolitical developments influence security of supply. China's central role in mineral supply chains is a major factor of uncertainty in this con­text. The European Union has set ambitious sustainability targets. Implementing these in complex multi-tier metal supply chains is no easy matter, given the magnitude of environmental and human rights risks. Nevertheless, sustainability should not be sacrificed for security of supply. Instead, the European Union should pursue a strategic raw materials policy that reconciles the demands of both. The two biggest challenges in sustainability governance are: firstly, the diversity of standards and their inconsistent implementation and enforce­ment; and secondly, power asymmetries and lack of transparency along metal supply chains. A sustainable raw materials policy must seek to reduce dependency through strategic diversification and partnerships with countries that share European values. Transparency-enhancing measures and a regu­latory "smart mix" will be decisive elements. (authors's abstract)

This book describes the rules governing international security decision-making and examines the different understandings of collective security in the post-Cold War world.

Ein Rückzug aus dem Energy Charter Treaty ist für Mitgliedsstaaten keine gute Entscheidung - trotzdem ist es für einige Staaten das Mittel der Wahl. Diese Arbeit analysiert einerseits die Anwendung der jeweiligen Schutzstandards in der schiedsgerichtlichen Rechtsprechung. Der Aufbau erfolgt dabei nach den Schutzstandards, unterteilt in die jeweiligen Fälle. Andererseits werden im letzten Kapitel verschiedene Reformansätze aus Literatur und Politik dargestellt und bewertet. Auf Basis der ECT-Entscheidungen und anderer Reformvorschläge wird ein eigener Ansatz zur Reform des ECT entwickelt. Diese Arbeit bietet einen erfolgsversprechenden Reformansatz, der sich nicht in einem noch 20 Jahre dauernden Schutz fossiler Energiegewinnung erschöpft.Das Werk ist Teil der Reihe Studien zum Internationalen Investitionsrecht, Band 47

An introduction to a special journal issue (see related abstracts in SA 43:5) that addresses key problems in the organization of international relations on the fiftieth anniversary of the UN charter. The essays assess the performance of international organizations since 1945 & make recommendations for the role of international organization in a changing system of international relations. Three topical areas are included: international organizations from the perspectives of international systems, international relations, political myths, sovereign equality, & pluralism of institutional arrangement; actors in state & nonstate entities, particularly transnational institutions & political movements; & analysis of international peace & security, human rights, & economic & social development. M. Pflum

Threats to international security; address.