Suchergebnisse

"Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der Nutzung der interpretativen phänomenologischen Analyse (IPA) zur Rekonstruktion subjektiven Erlebens während epileptischer Anfälle. Zusätzlich zu Einzelfall- und komparativen Analysen wurde eine poetische Interpretation (Szto, Furman & Langer 2005) geleistet, die auf körperliche Erfahrungen und Bewusstheit aufseiten der betroffenen Personen fokussierte: Es geht um deren Gewahrwerden der mit einem Anfall verbundenen biologisch-körperlichen Prozesse, um ihr (Un-)Vermögen, mit anderen in diesem Moment zu kommunizieren, um ihre Resignation/ihr sich mit der Faktizität der Anfälle abfinden und um die Konsequenzen der Epilepsie für ihr Leben. Obwohl Betroffene nicht immer in der Lage sind, im Verlauf eines Anfalls angemessen auf externe Ereignisse zu reagieren, half in einem von uns untersuchten Fall die Verfügbarkeit einer zumindest begrenzten Aufmerksamkeit einem Mann, sein Leben zu retten. Die Ergebnisse unserer Studie geben Einblick in das subjektive Erleben des Anfallsgeschehens, hier könnte das Sammeln weiterer Fälle sicher wesentlich zu künftiger Forschung beitragen. Die poetischen Interpretationen, die wir präsentieren, dienen zugleich als erstes Sichtfenster für das Verstehen subjektiven Anfallserlebens: Es handelt sich um klinische und wissenschaftliche Texte, die für Lai/innen und professionell Tätige und für die Differenzialdiagnose von Anfällen hilfreich sein können." (Autorenreferat)

What is it to claim that "misogyny" might be "ironic"? Why is it that, in the works of Nietzsche, Kierkegaard and Schopenhauer, the possibility of irony constantly interferes with a conclusive ethical judgement over the meaning of their "misogyny"? How do we hold our interpretations of such ambiguous texts ethically accountable? This book brings together the driving concerns of hermeneutics, feminist philosophy and the history of philosophy in dealing with the "problem of irony". It develops

Cover -- Front Matter -- Half-title -- Series page -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1-10 -- Chapter One Wittgenstein On Colour, 1916-1949 -- 'Scientific questions may interest me, but they never really grip me' -- 'For it is excluded by the logical structure of colour' -- 'The colour octahedron is grammar' -- 'Exactly so. … We are calculating with these colour terms' -- 'A work in logic' -- Chapter Two Remarks On Colour, Part II -- 'I read a great deal in Goethe's "Farbenlehre" ' -- 'Is that the basis of the proposition that there can be no clear transparent white?' -- 'Does that define the concepts more closely?' -- 'There is merely an inability to bring the concepts into some kind of order' -- 'Phenomenological analysis … is analysis of concepts' -- Chapter Three Remarks On Colour, III.1-42 -- 'Here we have a sort of mathematics of colour' -- 'What is the importance of the concept of saturated colour?' -- 'The wrong picture confuses, the right picture helps' -- 'What … importance does the question of the number of pure colours have?' -- 'Lack of clarity in philosophy is tormenting' -- Chapter Four Remarks On Colour, III.43-95 -- 'And that is logic' -- 'It is not at all clear a priori which are the simple colour concepts' -- 'There is no such thing as the pure colour concept' -- 'Can't we imagine people having a [different] geometry of colours?' -- 'Mayn't that open our eyes to the nature of those differentiations among colours?' -- Chapter Five Remarks On Colour, III.96-130 -- 'The logic of the concept of colour is just much more complicated' -- 'The person who cannot play this game does not have this concept' -- 'Was that all nonsense?' -- 'There is no indication as to what we should regard as adequate analogies' -- 'The picture is there'.

A rejoinder to Jeffrey K. Hadden's article 'Ideological Conflict between Protestant Clergy and Laity on Civil Rights,' Social Science Quarterly, 1968, 49, 674-683. 3 of Hadden's points are discussed: (1) The result of the Hadden study that a great majority of Protestant clergy approve of the civil rights movement, but considerable %'s of laymen do not. It is generally to be expected that the clergy is ahead of laymen in this kind of thing. The data presented by Hadden do not show adequately that this discrepancy is very large or that the clergy finds leadership impossible. (2) Involvement in church life does not appear to make much diff in laymen's att's toward civil rights. This suggests that religion fails to mitigate racial prejudice. It could also mean, however, that many of the most sincerely 'religious' are not church-oriented. In any case, some contemporary sociol'al thought stresses a pervasive influence of moralizing & civilizing forces at work in present-day societies at large which are at least partly traceable to religious' sources. (3) Hadden states that laymen strongly agree that the `clergy have a responsibility to speak out as the moral conscience of this nation.' At the same time laymen feel almost as strongly that clergymen should not get on picket lines or participate in demonstrations. Hadden explains this through Gunnar Myrdal's work, but he interprets Myrdal 'rather mechanically.' Most of the items in Hadden's table 4 were apparently designed to contribute a kind of rough check on the proportion that the Amer Creed tends to stop at the Negro threshold. More refined questions might have probed for a grading of responses showing that the Amer Creed makes for varying degrees of unease or ambivalence about the Negro or civil rights. Discrepancies between clerical & lay att's may not be so considerable or important as they appear to be to Hadden. (See also SA 1535/E3385.) M. Maxfield.

Chronic inhalation of toxic concentrations of MTBE caused renal tubular cell neoplasms in male Fischer 344 rats and hepatocellular adenomas in female CD‐1 mice. In Sprague‐Dawley rats the oral administration of MTBE was associated with increased incidences of Leydig cell tumors and of lymphomas and leukemias (combined) in males and females, respectively. Neither lymphomas nor leukemias were individually increased in treated females. Leydig cell tumors are common in rats and do not predict human responses to drugs and chemicals. Neither MTBE nor its metabolite, t‐butyl alcohol, possess mutagenic potential and a second metabolite, formaldehyde, is mutagenic in vitro but in vivo results are equivocal. MTBE‐induced neoplasms are most likely produced through a nongenetic mechanism which requires chronic exposure to toxic doses. Because of the intense odor (and taste) of MTBE, humans will not tolerate either air or water concentrations sufficient to produce the cytotoxic precursors required to promote cellular proliferation.

Numerous interpretative notes were exchanged by the Powers prior to signature of the General Pact for the Renunciation of War on August 27, 1928. Secretary Kellogg was reported to have said on August 8 that these interpretations "are in no way a part of the pact and can not be considered reservations. The interpretations will not be deposited with the text of the treaty." It has, however, been asserted that "the interpretations and declarations, made in the diplomatic correspondence before the signature of the treaty, and either agreed to or not dissented from, are just as binding and just as much within the meaning of the treaty as if they were written into the treaty text." This obviously denies any importance to the distinction between interpretative notes and reservations implied in Secretary Kellogg's statement.

During the period of the slave trade (1650-1830), people were brought from the whole West Coast of Africa to Suriname. The majority had a Fante-Akan (Ghana), Ewe-Fon (Togo and Benin), or a western Bantu (Congo, Zaire and Angola) background, while the Mandingo (Senegal, Sierra Leone and Liberia) formed a minor fraction (Wooding 1972: ch. II). In the course of time they amalgamated into the Afrosurinamese population group, which is subdivided into two main groups: the coastal Creoles and the inland Bushnegroes.

The impact of economic factors on colonial imperialism in the late nineteenth century has long been a topic of debate. This article examines the expected relationship between different forms of international investment and different patterns of political ties between developed and developing countries. Drawing on the literature on relational contracts and collective action, it argues that direct colonial control was likely to be associated with cross-border investments whose rents were particularly easy to seize or protect, and whose protection did not require multilateral action. Where such rents were difficult to seize or protect unilaterally, colonialism is expected to be less likely. The most common example of the former sort of investment is primary (raw-materials or agricultural) investment; of the latter, multinational manufacturing affiliates. The argument is weighed against both a survey of the qualitative evidence and some simple quantitative evaluations. The approach also has potential applications to more general problems of international conflict and cooperation.

1 Introduction -- Nature of vegetation and analytical approaches -- Purposes of vegetation analysis -- Phytosociological and more objective methods -- Samples -- Types of data -- 2 Field methods -- Primary survey – many species -- More detailed field work – one or a few species -- Plotless sampling -- 3 Fundamental principles of analytical methods -- The geometric model -- Classification and ordination -- Normal and inverse analyses -- Qualitative and quantitative data -- Species of low occurrence in a data set – retain or discard? -- 4 Case studies – introduction -- Artificial Data -- Iping Common – a lowland heath -- Coed Nant Lolwyn – a deciduous wood -- 5 Association between species and similarity between stands -- Concepts -- Qualitative data -- Quantitative data -- Comparisons of similarity coefficients -- 6 Classification -- Normal Association Analysis -- Types of classification -- Divisive monothetic methods -- Agglomerative polythetic methods -- Divisive polythetic methods -- Comparison of the methods by the examples results -- Inverse classifications -- Nodal Analysis (Lambert & Williams 1962) -- 7 Ordination -- A classification of ordinations -- Direct Gradient Analysis – one factor -- Direct Gradient Analysis – many factors -- Indirect Gradient Analysis – one factor -- Indirect Gradient Analysis – many factors (ordination sensu stricto) -- Polar ordination -- Non-polar ordination -- Comparisons of ordination methods -- 8 Correlations between vegetation and environment -- Single species -- Several species -- Environmental factors in associations -- 9 Case studies analyses -- Iping Common -- Coed Nant Lolwyn -- Concluding remarks on vegetation analysis results -- References -- Indices.