Suchergebnisse

The last contribution on this topic, which was published in the July 1997 issue of the Quarterly,1 examined the Court's remarkable ruling in CIA Security International S.A. v. Signalson SA and Securitel SPRL,2 in which the Full Court decided that where a member State neglects to notify draft national technical regulations to the Commission in breach of the obligations set out in Directive 83/189,3 it may not rely on those regulations in subsequent proceedings before national courts. The Court's ruling attaches a meaningful penalty to State failure to abide by the obligations of notification stipulated by the Directive. It thereby induces compliance with requirements of transparency on which the Commission pins great faith in its "post-1992" strategy for the management of the internal market. The case law since CIA Security has generated a sufficient number of further illuminating rulings to justify a further tour of the area in this contribution.

The European Court's efforts to locate the outer limits of Article 30's control of national measures have been discussed before in these surveys of current developments in EC law.1 The Court was tempted to use Article 30 to catch a wide range of measures that affected trade even where the rules applied in an even-handed manner to all traders. The most notable example of this expansionist trend was found in the so-called Sunday trading cases, in which Article 30 was exploited to challenge rules restricting commercial activity in England and Wales even though the rules did not put cross-border strategies at any particular disadvantage. The Court pursued an erratic course before finally ruling the laws compatible with Article 30.2 Academic comment, though nuanced in its detailed appreciation of the Court's stance, was largely convinced that Article 30 had been extended beyond both its intent and necessary function in the process of market integration.3

This paper presents the procedure for building Belgrade transport model as a tool for the optimization of Belgrade transport system development. City Council of Belgrade financed the Belgrade Transport Model (BeTraMod). It was a first experience of city government of Belgrade in developing huge data basis about transport system using software. This way defined model can be used by different users as official basis for calculations to respective authorities or local self-government organizations, whose activities are directly connected to planning, programming, management and building of transport system; basis of various research and scientific-research projects; basis for the appraisal process; basis for search of the optimal solutions of traffic regime; basis of intelligent transport systems in the portion of dynamic traffic control. Since BeTraMod is created it was already used for project documentation of three projects: pre-feasibility study and general project of lnner-city Ring Road, pre-feasibility study and general project of Light Rail Transport and feasibility study of Bypass road of Belgrade.

"Bugle sounds": p. [48]-50. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Military Service Inst.