This innovative survey of Byzantium's relations with pre-Christian Bulgaria in the late eighth and early ninth century offers an entirely new framework for understanding the developments that shaped one of the most turbulent periods in the history of the early Medieval Balkans. Unlike previous studies, it integrates the surviving literary sources with the ever-growing archaeological record to construct a comprehensive narrative account of the Byzantine-Bulgar conflict for political mastery in the region. Moreover, the analysis of the changing socio-political structures of Bulgaria provides a basis for understanding its transformation from a loose tribal confederation into a stable monarchy. While this is primarily a regional study, focusing on the territories and peoples controlled by the two competing powers, it is also of interest to students of the Frankish, Arab and steppe-nomad worlds, since the relations between Byzantium and Bulgaria are put into a wider international context.
A review essay on books by (1) Helen Brocklehurst, Who's Afraid of Children? Children, Conflict and International Relations ( Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006); (@) R. Charli Carpenter, 'Innocent Women and Children': Gender, Norms and the Protection of Civilians (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006).
This collectivebook offers a cross-country perspective on the internationalisation of smalland medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Scholars from prestigious institutions in Europe,North America, Australia and China provide new insights on how SMEs develop andperform their international activities. Their innovative approach isparticularly useful to understand the major role played by SMEs in todaysglobal economy. The authorsidentify key factors that facilitate the international expansion of SMEs. Theyexplain how SMEs can succeed in their development in both mature and emergingeconomies. Their findings are based on quantitative surveys and in-depthcase studies, and the resulting recommendations are provided to help SME managers increase theperformance of their international activities.
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This book examines changing international dynamics through the lens of some of the leading think tanks from the emerging powers in the world. Through twelve case studies, the authors explore how security and international affairs think tanks in emerging powers collaborate with their policy makers to meet current and anticipate future foreign policy and security challenges. Overall, the book illustrates and analyzes how think tanks in a variety of political and economic contexts are able to contribute to their respective policy-making processes. Included in the discussions are the problems or successes that each respective nation's think tanks face, where they feel the emerging nation will be positioned, and where they are failing to meet the policy challenges they face. The book provides a comprehensive look at successful foreign policy formulation to serve as examples for other think tanks in similar political and economic conditions. James G. McGann is Senior Lecturer in International Studies and Director of the Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program (TTCSP) at the University of Pennsylvania, USA.--
Der Beitrag informiert über die Ergebnisse einiger theoretischer Arbeiten zu grundlegenden Aspekten der Globalisierung und gibt auf dieser Basis eine Einschätzung der zukünftigen Kräfteverschiebungen im Bereich der internationalen Beziehungen. Verschiedene Entwicklungsmodelle werden skizziert. Abschließend wird die Rolle der USA im Globalisierungsprozeß und ihre zukünftige Stellung im Bereich der internationalen Beziehungen analysiert. (BIOst-Mrk)
Dem vierten Treffen der Staatschefs Rußlands und Chinas nach 1992 im April 1997 wird besondere Bedeutung beigemessen, da hier noch einmal verstärkt der Kurs zur Fortentwicklung einer gleichberechtigten Partnerschaft und strategischen Zusammenarbeit auch im 21. Jahrhundert betont wurde. Der Verfasser skizziert den Verlauf des Treffens sowie den Inhalt der Gespräche und Vereinbarungen zwischen Moskau und Peking. Darin geht es sowohl um militärische und Sicherheitsfragen besonders auf eurasischem Gebiet, um die Position beider Staaten in der internationalen Gemeinschaft und um die wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit. (BIOst-Rgl)
This paper addresses the question of the criminalization of war crimes, which are compared at the international and internal legislative level under military law. Considering current threats to the international legal order and security system, justice and defence sector actors, military lawyers and research fellows in military law are faced with the problems of the concept of responsibility for the most serious crimes in the world. The adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 1998 raises the question of the internal legislation validity. The states Parties to International Criminal Court should revise the established conceptual approaches of responsibility for war crimes. The comparative analysis was made of the core and international military law. ; Рассматривается вопрос криминализации военных преступлений, ответственнось за которые предусмотрена военным правом на международном и государственном уровнях. Вследствие текущих угроз международному правопорядку и безопасности система правосудия и правоохранительные органы, военные юристы и ученые области военного права сталкиваются с проблемами концепции ответственности за наиболее тяжкие преступления в мире. Принятие Римского статута Международного уголовного суда в 1998 г. ставит вопрос актуальности внутреннего законодательства его государств. Все они должны пересмотреть установленные концептуальные подходы к ответственности за военные и другие международные преступления. Украина не завершила ратификацию Римского статута международного уголовного суда, однако признала его юрисдикцию путем направления декларации в порядке п. 3 ст. 12 Римского статута. Это означает, что на сегодня государство активно сотрудничает с Международным уголовным судом в вопросах привлечения к ответственности за международные преступления (военные и преступления против человечности). Такое сотрудничество является частью целостной концепции переходного правосудия, которая должна стать путем к восстановлению суверенитета и безопасности Украины, реинтеграции ...
En el present article analitzarem l'aplicació dels estàndards internacionals sobre drets territorials dels pobles indígenes respecte de la situació del poble maputxe a Xile. En la primera part, ressenyem els estàndards internacionals i l'evolució que han experimentat en el desenvolupament jurisprudencial interamericà. Igualment, hi fem esment dels pronunciaments de diferents òrgans internacionals de protecció de drets humans en relació al compliment de les obligacions internacionals assumides per l'Estat de Xile en aquestes matèries. En la segona secció analitzem el marc normatiu xilè i verifiquem si s'ajusta als estàndards internacionals. Posteriorment, hi identifiquem les bretxes de la política pública pel que fa al reconeixement y la restitució de les terres reivindicades pel poble maputxe, i hi examinem l'estratègia de criminalització impulsada per l'Estat contra els líders maputxes com a resposta a les seves demandes territorials, un fet que ha motivat la condemna internacional per incompliment de les obligacions contretes respecte a un grup de membres del poble maputxe liderats per dues autoritats tradicionals, els lonkos Aniceto Norin Catriman i Pascual Pichun (ja traspassat). L'article conclou amb un quart epígraf on abordem els desafiaments del dret internacional pel que fa al compliment en el dret intern de las sentències de la Cort Interamericana de Drets Humans, en referència, en particular, al cas Norin Catriman i altres contra l'Estat de Xile. ; In this article, we analyse the application of international standards concerning the territorial rights of indigenous peoples to the situation of the Mapuche people in Chile. In the first section, we review international standards as well as their evolution on being deployed by the drafting of Interamerican legislation. Also, we deal with the statements made by several human rights international organizations concerning the fulfilment by the Chilean government of its accepted international obligations concerning such issues. In the second section, we deal with the Chilean regulations and we check whether they fit international standards. Then, we identify the gaps in public politics regarding the recognition of the Mapuche people and the restitution of the lands claimed by it, and we study the criminalization strategy launched by the state against the Mapuche leadership in response to their territorial claims, something which has brought about international condemnation of the Chilean regime for its failing to comply with its obligations towards a group of members of the Mapuche people led by two traditional authorities, namely, lonkos [or community leaders] Aniceto Norin Catriman and Pascual Pichun (already deceased). The fourth and final section deals with the challenges to international posed law by the compliance by domestic law with the sentences of the Interamerican Human Rights Court, in particular, with reference to the case Norin et al vs the Chilean State ; En el presente artículo analizaremos la aplicación de los estándares internacionales sobre derechos territoriales de los pueblos indígenas, respecto a la situación del Pueblo Mapuche en Chile. En la primera parte, reseñamos los estándares internacionales y la evolución que han experimentado en el desarrollo jurisprudencial interamericano. De igual forma, referimos a los pronunciamientos de diversos órganos internacionales de protección de derechos humanos en relación al cumplimiento de las obligaciones internacionales asumidas por el Estado de Chile en estas materias. En la segunda sección, analizamos el marco normativo chileno y verificamos si se ajusta a los estándares internacionales. Posteriormente, identificamos las brechas de la política pública respecto al reconocimiento y restitución de las tierras reivindicadas por el Pueblo Mapuche, y examinamos la estrategia de criminalización impulsada por el Estado contra los líderes mapuche como respuesta a sus demandas territoriales, hecho que ha motivado la condena internacional por incumplimiento de sus obligaciones contraídas respecto a un grupo de miembros del Pueblo Mapuche liderados por dos autoridades tradicionales, los lonkos Aniceto Norin Catriman y Pascual Pichun (fallecido). El artículo concluye con un acápite cuarto donde abordamos los desafíos del derecho internacional en relación al cumplimiento en el derecho interno de las sentencias de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, referido al caso Norin Catriman y otros vs. Estado de Chile.
This paper aims to focus on the questions of how important was the admission of Albania to the League of Nations as well as what was the reason of the change of attitude of the Great Powers and neighbors against Albanian candidature. In the paper is scrutinized the situation of Albania before membership in the League of Nations as well as the reasons that led it before this international body. The topic is interesting as the scrutiny of this moment of Albanian history in international relations helps to understand the events that followed in 1920s and how contributed this admission on the issue of borders and on international recognition.
En los últimos años, los espacios territoriales han desarrollado políticas públicas orientadas a crear o fortalecer su gestión internacional. En ese sentido, el presente trabajo pretende abordar la temática particular de la inserción internacional de las unidades subnacionales indagando y cuestionando las concepciones tradicionales sobre el desarrollo de una política internacional por parte de los espacios subnacionales. Para ello, el estudio se sustenta en la investigación del accionar internacional de los gobiernos municipales de la provincia de Buenos Aires. ; In recent years, the territorial spaces have developed public policies to create or strengthen their international management. In that sense, this paper aims to address the particular issue of the international integration of subnational units probing and challenging traditional conceptions of the development of international policy on the part of subnational spaces. To do this, the study is based on research of international actions of municipal governments in the province of Buenos Aires. ; Calvento, Mariana. Doctora en Ciencias Políticas (Universidad de San Martín, Argentina), Magister en Desarrollo Local (Universidad de San Martín-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Licenciada en Relaciones Internacionales (Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina). Co-Directora del Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Problemáticas Internacionales y Locales (Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina). Docente de la Licenciatura en Relaciones Internacionales. Becaria Posdoctoral del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
