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AbstractProfound transformations of Western democracies are apparent today. These transformations express an insufficiency in traditional forms of social organisation. The question of governance, of its efficiency, has thus progressively become the major theme of our social debates. Law and social sciences have provided two contradictory responses to meet the need for a new approach to governance: either in terms of efficiency or in terms of procedural ethics. Even if both of these perspectives contain an element of truth, they are no doubt perceived to be intuitively unsatisfactory. It is this intuition of the insufficiency of these two solutions which our hypothesis (contextual proceduralization) aims to construct and to overcome. Our hypothesis states that the two solutions share, beyond their apparent opposition, the same presupposition which explains their parallel insufficiency. This common presupposition concerns their answer to the question of the 'norm's mode of action'. How should we understand the operation by which society aims to regulate itself and to act upon itself by norms which it considers legitimate?

This brief commentary discusses the problematic incursion of Research Ethics Committees on social research, particularly on those groups who wish (and/or indeed it is vital for their safety) to remain anonymous. It is argued that REC's, often ignorant of social science methodology, commonly attempt to impose restrictions on research and researchers that contradict their own ethical guidelines and expose them to unreasonable risk. It is further pointed out that REC's are as yet not fully established within all UK institutions but fear of litigation will mean that those who do not already have them fully in place either have some form of REC in embryonic structure or are looking to implement REC's in the near future. It is in this context that it is argued we as social scientists should be helping to actively shape the workings of incumbent and emerging REC's in order to protect research, researchers, research participants and the integrity of what REC's actually do.

Analyzes the role of the US as the leader in the social, economic, & cultural globalization of the rest of the world, not only via the transmission of popular culture commodities & consumption patterns, but through the spread of evangelical religion, politics, business practices, & philanthropic ventures. The ideologies underlying the programmatic & organizational missions of US-based leaders in the "cultural infrastructure" are outlined, & their views on its global spread are summarized, drawing on data obtained via interviews with key executives & players in 23 transnational organizations & corporations. Despite differences in their views on the effects of global capitalism & some key ideological tensions, basic similarities in their attitudes, values, & social practices related to globalization are revealed; their use of specific "vocabularies of global speak" derived from the discourses of the social sciences, human rights, multiculturalism, & the market is highlighted. It is concluded that these elites endorse a new kind of "parochial cosmopolitanism" with regard to globalization & the new world order. K. Hyatt Stewart

Although social scientists have sought to understand riots in terms of social structure, few causal explanations have withstood the tests of ongoing empirical examination. In America, presidential commissions sought to put the black urban riots of the mid‐sixties in a similar context. Despite the laudable attempts at deriving benign policy implications from such explanations, the commissions' explanations were no better than the social science of the time. Understanding the causal basis of riots has been elusive, but our understanding of riots as problems of crisis management has been far more reachable. A comparison of two Los Angeles riots, Watts 1965, and the Rodney King riots of 1992, shows that the intensity, spread and duration of the riots were a function of crisis paralysis. We might not know, in any scientific sense, what causes riots but we appear to know a great deal about the consequences of not appropriately preparing for or managing riots. These are the lessons of both Los Angeles riots.

The question of why some people vote in American national elections and others do not has been the focus of a vast literature in social science. This study builds on previous work emphasizing the political relevance of civic norms prescribing social cooperation. County‐level census response rates were used to measure the strength of civic norms in counties represented in the 1992 National Election Study (NES). The analysis shows that a person's likelihood of voting increases with the census response rate in the county of residence, controlling for the usual set of factors associated with turnout. The probability of voting was also correlated with the incidence of cooperative behavior in other arenas, such as giving to charities or willingly serving on juries. These findings provide support for the importance of cooperative norms in explaining political participation. In addition, the relationship between voting and county‐level census response was significantly greater among respondents who read newspapers more often; hence, newspapers evidently are one means by which social expectations are communicated.

Game theory, rallying point of the social sciences, has corne to the law over the last fifteen years. Its first focus has been the nature of spontaneous orders among individuals, that is the conditions under which individuals will find it profitable to co-operate, much as they are aware of the possibility of exploiting one another. Besides this first topic, research has recently been focused on a second one, that of the origin and functioning of the State. Game theory allows one to investigate the nature of the supposed 'public goods', whose provision is thought to be the justification for the 'social contract' founding the State. Game theory also allows one to study the dynamics of power as a founding cause of the State. Finally, game theory helps one to understand the paradox of the indefinitely growing government in modem social democracies. Altogether, game theory makes plain just how much of our fundamental legal institutions must be seen as responses to the paradoxes of human interaction.

Place branding strategies linking marketing to places have received increasing attention in practice and theory in the past two decades. It is generally assumed that place branding contributes to the economic, social, political and cultural development of cities, regions and countries. But there exists neither a commonly accepted definition nor a sound theoretical framework for place branding research. Studies have until now mainly focused on nations and cities, while the regional scale has rather been neglected, even more in the context of Mediterranean countries. In addition, little is yet known about the conditions, processes, and outcomes of place branding. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the clarification of the place branding concept and to a broader understanding of this rich and complex phenomenon. The focus is on the underlying conditions, processes and dynamics of place branding in regions that contributes to territorial development. Place branding is related to local food products and tourism for sustainable territorial development in Mediterranean rural regions (in France and Morocco). The introduction chapter outlines the societal and theoretical context of place branding regarding this thesis. Place brands have emerged as attempts to respond to intertwined and multifaceted economic, political and socio-cultural challenges: to the externalities of globalisation, to local development challenges due to regionalisation and decentralisation processes, and to socio-economic tensions in the Mediterranean basin and its food domain. Accordingly, three established literature streams are mobilized: the marketing and branding of places, regional studies and sociology. It is supposed that insights from the three disciplines are needed to understand the conditions, processes and development outcomes of regional branding. This leads to three units of analysis: the first deals with place branding in a narrow sense, understanding it as marketing strategy for the development of places and their local assets based on a distinctive territorial identity; the second considers territorial development policies and public-private interactions; and the third analyses place-based, collective and embedded processes among various actors in rural areas. Chapter 2 comprises a case study of the Sud de France brand in the region Languedoc-Roussillon, which is mainly used for the valorisation and promotion of local wines, food and tourism, but also serving institutional aims. It is a study of local dynamics and the process of regional branding, leading to beneficial outcomes stemming from a public development intervention. It demonstrates various economic and non-economic benefits created by a place brand and unfolds some of its working mechanisms, such as horizontal and vertical relations among different territorial actors, a multiple stakeholder involvement, or the linkage of a place brand with its political, social and economic context. Chapter 3 is a continuation of Chapter 2, as it further investigates the kind of value that can be created by a place brand for different stakeholders, using the Sud de France case. Based on stakeholder and brand equity theory, it develops a measurement model and monitoring tool for the value of place brands. Results show that various place brand value dimensions coexist, according to the expectations of four identified key stakeholder groups. These value dimensions include economic, socio-cultural and environmental indicators. Chapter 4 offers a comparison of four regional branding initiatives in Europe, with the aim to gain insights into the general conditions, as well as context-dependent factors for successfully developing and maintaining place brands. It combines a marketing perspective with the sociology of food and endogenous rural development, and analyses strategic and operational brand management aspects, as well as contextual factors. Findings indicate the importance of various embeddedness dimensions for regional branding, such as public policies, cooperation and governance forms, territorial identity and the anchorage of local actors in their places. Chapter 5 is an explorative case study of place branding in the province of Chefchaouen, Morocco, in order to find out whether and how it would be possible to implement there a place brand as a coherent and collective territorial development project. Preconditions and various initiatives towards place branding are analysed at three action levels (macro, meso, micro). Specific attention is given to local cooperation and network activities, to leadership and political unity, being strongly related to the question of territorial governance. The main insight gained from the Chefchaouen case is that a collective place brand could be a useful tool for cross-sector cooperation, territorial governance and development, but that currently Moroccan regions still lack sufficient autonomy to fully develop their own territorial projects. The final chapter builds upon the research findings to highlight conceptual differences between diverse brands related to places. The main conclusion of this thesis is that place brands in regions – in order to be able to support agribusiness and local development – must be considered as more than mere marketing instruments, but as dynamic, collective and embedded territorial development processes. These insights lead to conceptual and theoretical, methodological, as well as policy and managerial implications, for place branding research and practice. A main suggestion for further research is to use complex systems theory to cover the complexity of place brands. ; Depuis deux décennies le marketing territorial a attiré l'attention, dans la pratique et la théorie. Mais il n'existe ni une définition généralement acceptée ni un cadre théorique solide. Jusqu'à maintenant, les travaux se sont surtout intéressés au marketing des pays et des villes, pendant que l'échelle régionale a été négligée. En outre, peu est encore connu sur les déterminants, les processus et les effets du marketing territorial. L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à l'éclaircissement du concept du marketing territorial et à la compréhension de ce phénomène complexe. L'accent est mis sur les conditions, les processus et les effets des marques territoriales, qui sont ici liées aux produits de terroir et au tourisme dans des régions Méditerranéennes rurales (en France et au Maroc). L'introduction présente le contexte sociétal et théorique du marketing territorial qui a émergé comme réponse aux défis économiques, politiques et socio-culturels. Par conséquent, trois courants littéraires sont mobilisés : le marketing, la science régionale et la sociologie. On présume que les connaissances de ces trois disciplines sont nécessaires pour comprendre les déterminants, les processus et les effets d'un marketing territorial. Le chapitre 2 comprend une étude de cas de la marque Sud de France en Languedoc-Roussillon. C'est une étude des dynamiques locales et du processus de marketing territorial, qui ont conduit à des effets positifs de développement suite à une intervention publique. Ce cas montre les bénéfices divers créés par une marque territoriale et il révèle certains de ces mécanismes. Le chapitre 3 utilise le cas de Sud de France pour approfondir encore la question de la valeur qui peut être créé par une marque territoriale. Ce chapitre développe un modèle de mesure et un outil de contrôle de la valeur des marques territoriales. Les résultats montrent qu'ils coexistent de diverses dimensions de la valeur de ces marques, conformes aux attentes des parties prenantes clés identifiées. Ces dimensions incluent des indicateurs économiques, socio-culturels et environnementaux. Le chapitre 4 offre une comparaison de quatre marques régionales en Europe pour comprendre les conditions générales ainsi que les déterminants contextuels de succès de ces marques. Ce chapitre combine la perspective du marketing avec celle de la sociologie. Les résultats indiquent que plusieurs dimensions d'un encastrement jouent un rôle important pour les marques régionales, telles que l'influence des politiques publiques, les formes de coopération et de gouvernance locale, l'identité territoriale et l'ancrage des acteurs locaux dans leurs territoires. Le chapitre 5 est une étude de cas du marketing territorial à Chefchaouen au Maroc. Les préconditions et les diverses initiatives vers un marketing territorial sont analysées à trois niveaux d'action (macro, méso, micro). L'aperçu principal obtenu de ce cas est qu'une marque collective territoriale pourrait être un instrument utile pour stimuler une coopération entre différents secteurs, mais qu'actuellement les régions au Maroc manquent encore d'autonomie suffisante pour développer leurs propres projets territoriaux. Le chapitre final souligne les différences conceptuelles entre diverses marques liées aux territoires. La principale conclusion est que les marques régionales - pour pouvoir stimuler le développement agro-industriel et territorial - doivent être considérées comme plus que de purs instruments de marketing, mais comme des processus de développement dynamiques, collectifs et encastrés. Ces aperçus mènent à des implications au niveau conceptuel et théorique, méthodologique ainsi que politique et managérial pour la recherche et la pratique du marketing territorial. Une suggestion majeure pour la future recherche serait d'utiliser la théorie des systèmes complexes pour couvrir la complexité des marques collectives territoriales.

Frontmatter -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Introduction: Before Photography -- Part 1: Ways of Seeing -- Ways of Seeing -- Ballooning as a Technology of Seeing in Jean Paul's "Des Luftschiffers Giannozzo Seebuch" (1801) -- Through the Eyepiece and What Visual Satire Found There -- Enacting the Past: Nineteenth-Century Illustrated Periodicals and Painted Panoramas -- Visual Cultures of Popular Anatomy Exhibition: The Role of Visitor Environment in Shaping the Impact of Public Health Education -- Part 2: Materials and Media -- Materials and Media -- Cut-Ups on the Edges of the Photographic Century -- Printed Pilgrimage: Spiritual Labyrinths in the German-American Home -- Arc of the Anemone: Modeling Nature from the Wunderkammer to the Warenwelt -- The Traveling Cliché: Circulation and Fixity in Engraved Representations of Ethnographic "Others" -- Part 3: Image and Text -- Image and Text -- Image, Language, Science: Hieroglyphs and the Romantic Quest for Primordial Truth -- A Poetics of Scaling: Adalbert Stifter and the Measures of Nature Around 1850 -- Adventure from Concentrate: Visual Interventions in German Youth Adaptations of James Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales -- Epilogue -- Scans, Databases, and Apps: Using Twenty-First-Century Technology to Study Nineteenth-Century Visual Culture -- Contributors -- Bibliography -- Index

Screening Protest brings together a range of scholarly perspectives on the study of protest mediations on television and in film. Arguing that the screen is a fruitful, if overlooked, analytical focus, the book explores how visual narratives of protest wander across borders – territorial, temporal and generic.Chapters compare coverage of major protests in recent history by global news channels like Al Jazeera English, BBC World, CNN International and RT. They consider how geopolitical agendas, newsroom culture and the ubiquity of eyewitness footage shape the narration of events such as the 'Umbrella Revolution' in Hong Kong, anti-austerity protests in Greece, pro-EU mobilizations in the Ukraine and clashes in Ferguson. A focus on narrative allows authors to compare such news stories with popular cultural depictions of the protester, in films and television series such as The Hunger Games, Robin Hood and Suffragette. Although focussed on the screen, the scope of the book is broad, given its exploration of images distributed worldwide.Written with both scholars and students in mind, Screening Protest will interest researchers in political science, sociology, media and film studies, as well as the general reader interested in current affairs.

This book is an exploration of the environmental makings and contested historical trajectories of environmental change in Turkey. Despite the recent proliferation of studies on the political economy of environmental change and urban transformation, until now there has not been a sufficiently complete treatment of Turkey's troubled environments, which live on the edge both geographically (between Europe and Middle East) and politically (between democracy and totalitarianism).The contributors to Transforming Socio-Natures in Turkey use the toolbox of environmental humanities to explore the main political, cultural and historical factors relating to the country's socio-environmental problems. This leads not only to a better grounding of some of the historical and contemporary debates on the environment in Turkey, but also a deeper understanding of the multiplicity of framings around more-than-human interactions in the country in a time of authoritarian populism.This book will be of interest not only to students of Turkey from a variety of social science and humanities disciplines but also contribute to the larger debates on environmental change and developmentalism in the context of a global populist turn.

In the case of Latin America, where the external borders of the countries are more or less well defined, the phenomenon of «gray zones» is particularly present within States. This is also the case of Colombia and Mexico.This PhD thesis introduces a reconceptualization of the phenomenon through the comparative analysis of two intrinsically different cases according to their motivations and their functioning, like the FARC guerrilla in Colombia and the criminal organizational (cartels) in Mexico. Nevertheless, through the analysis of the operations of these illegal armed groups we can see that the reasons for the appearance of the «gray zones» remain similar in the two States highlighting the failure of the modern Latin American State, the fragility of the rule of law in these countries -due to the fragmentation of the institutions during the Spanish colonization- as well as the failure of political systems of expressing the general will.Our approach is also based on the analysis of territorial control and how the FARC managed to dominate large areas in the country from 1964 till 2016 when the peace agreements were put in place, as well as on the emergence of another type of the phenomenon in Mexico since 2006. Through the comparison between the FARC and Mexican criminal organizations we introduce a new typology of «gray zones» that focuses on how this groupscontrol the territory. Thus, we call the «gray zones of non-physical presence type» the areas controlled by Mexican criminal organizations and the «gray zones of physical presence» the areas under the FARC occupation. ; Le concept des « zones grises » a été fondé sur l'idée des espaces non-couverts par les radars afin de permettre une explication à l'ambiguïté. En termes de science politique, ce concept est apparu en vue d'analyser des phénomènes où la souveraineté et l'autorité étatiques ne sont pas claires. Dans le cas de l'Amérique latine, où les frontières extérieures des pays sont plus au moins bien définies, le phénomène des « zones grises » est ...

In der Medien- oder Informationsgesellschaft unserer Tage sind die Menschen einer Flut von Vorschlägen und Forderungen ausgesetzt, welcher Auffassung sie bezüglich ethischer und staatsphilosophischer, aber auch ganz privater, gleichsam lebensphilosophischer Fragestellungen sein sollen. Unter diesen Vorschlägen in nicht-beliebiger Weise die geeigneteren auszuwählen, unangemessene Forderungen jedoch aus sachlichen Gründen zurückzuweisen, ist für deren Bürger alles andere als einfach, sondern eine wirklich schwierige Aufgabe; - zumal in einer pluralistischen Gesellschaft der Rekurs auf örtliche Traditionen keine allgemeine Verbindlichkeit stiften kann. Zwar ist der Rückzug in ein juste milieu immer möglich; doch bleibt er systematisch, was er in menschlicher Hinsicht ist: Ein Rückzug. In dieser Situation Rat zu schaffen, ist das Ziel von Wissenschaftstheorie und Wertung. Dabei wird natürlich nicht prätendiert, der Verfasser wisse um das Wesen des Guten Lebens oder des Gerechten. Es geht vielmehr darum, geeignete Auswahlwerkzeuge vorzustellen, die da unabhängig von örtlich beschränkten Teiltraditionen und den Vorlieben des Verfassers nicht sinnvoll als beliebig bezeichnet werden können. Wissenschaftstheorie und Wertung schlägt vor, diese Auswahlwerkzeuge in den Ergebnissen der Wissenschaftstheorie des Kritischen Rationalismus von Karl Popper und jenen zu erblicken, die den Popperschen Ansatz kritisch weiterverfolgt haben. Die Wissenschaftslogik bietet einen von örtlichen Kulturemen weitestgehend unabhängigen Maßstab einer ihrer wesentlichen Züge ist ja, daß das Geschlecht, die Hautfarbe oder religiöse Orientierung dessen, der ein Argument vorträgt, keine Rolle spielen soll , und der Nachweis, daß es sich bei der Wissenschaftslogik um etwas äußerst Grundlegendes handle, ist sehr einfach ex negativo zu führen. Der Wertproblematik wird dabei durch verschiedene technisch-methodologische Maßnahmen Rechnung getragen. Die Argumentation von Wissenschaftstheorie und Wertung ist einfach und übersichtlich: Zunächst wird aus Poppers Aufsatz Die Zielsetzung der Erfahrungswissenschaften ein methodisches Prinzip gewonnen. Anschließend werden die Ergebnisse der Wissenschaftstheorie zu Regeln adaptiert, anhand derer man Vorschläge über das Gute Leben und das Gerechte wie Material prüfen kann. Die so gewonnenen Regeln wirken also wie Denk-Werkzeuge, mit denen die Menschen ungeeignete von eventuell geeigneten Vorschlägen bezüglich ethischer und staatsphilosophischer Dinge unterscheiden können. Natürlich ist bei alledem das Verhältnis von Prüfregeln und methodischem Prinzip ein streng systematisches; d.h. es werden nur solche Regeln aufgenommen, die der Verwirklichung des methodischen Prinzips tatsächlich dienen, und die Gesamtheit der Regeln soll für die Umsetzung des methodischen Prinzips hinreichend sein. Die Prüfregeln werden in vier Gruppen vorgestellt, geordnet nach den Forderungen: 1.Daß die Vorschläge keine Sätze enthalten mögen, die nachgewiesenermaßen falsch sind; 2.einen größtmöglichen Anteil von Sätzen enthalten sollen, die falsch sein können (wobei die Fakt/Wert-Unterscheidung zu berücksichtigen ist); 3.Umfassendheit zeigen sollen und 4.systematische Tiefe an den Tag legen mögen. Wenn man in dieser Weise vorgeht, bedarf man keiner gesonderten Brückenprinzipien , wie sie Hans Albert vorschweben. Inhaltlich betrachtet, entsteht aus der Anwendung von Prüfkriterien, die der Wissenschaftstheorie entstammen, eine robuste, weil systematisch tiefe und von örtlichen Traditionen unabhängige Legitimation der Liberalen Demokratie. Wie es aus kritizistischer Perspektive nicht anders sein kann, handelt es sich dabei um eine Legitimation ex negativo, den Ausschluß konkurrierender Vorschläge bezüglich staatsphilosophischer Angelegenheiten. Wo es um gleichsam innerdemokratische Fragestellungen geht, schließt das Prüforganon von Wissenschaftstheorie und Wertung sowohl paternalistische, als auch radikalliberale (libertarian) Vorschläge aus. Verschiedene weitere Implikationen lassen sich ablesen oder selbst ziehen. Hinsichtlich privaterer, lebensphilosophischer Sorgen und Träume schließlich eignet dem Prüfapparat eine besondere Schutzfunktion. Wie sich nämlich im Durchführungsteil erweist, hat keine einzige der in Feuilletons und anderswo verbreiteten Verzweiflungsreligionen Bestand. Folglich wird sich ein Mensch, der mit solchen Prüfregeln vertraut ist, deren Herleitung und Legitimation selbst verstanden hat, von Schreckgespenstern wie Sinnverlust , Solipsismus und Relativismus, von anti-europäischen Schlagworten wie der Phrase intellektueller Imperialismus , von der Vergottung des Kunstlosen in der Kunst und was dergleichen mehr sein möchte, nicht mehr schrecken lassen. Dies ist ganz sicher ein besonderer Akzent der vorliegenden Arbeit, zumal Wissenschaftstheoretiker über derartig unnütze Fragestellungen nur selten nachdenken. Eine Reflexion über die Grenzen des vorgestellten Ansatzes beschließt Wissenschaftstheorie und Wertung. ; Liberal Democracy embedding the principles (or virtues) of pluralism and tolerance, always finds itself threatened by the onslaught of anti-liberal ideologies, such as theocratic propaganda, the variants of Marxism, fascist thought-clusters etc. Therefore, defending Liberal Democracy is always important, but, under the conditions of pluralism, not in every case trivial, as far as the philosophical foundations for such a defence are concerned. The option human rights endowed by God does not pierce deeply enough in a pluralist world, if ever it did. Furthermore, modern pluralist society is often scorned to make intellectual orientation more difficult or even impossible for its own citizens. In the turmoil of competing ideologies, beliefs and counterbeliefs, commandments and quasi-pedagogic recommendations, citizens of modern pluralist societies feel a pressing demand for a means of measurement, or set of criteria, to select among all these ethical, aesthetical, or political proposals. But whence can they obtain them? And how can they prove that their selection criteria are not ideological or a mere quodlibet themselves, since such measuring ideologies by ideologies would destroy the very idea of true intellectual orientation? This is the problem situation which Wissenschaftstheorie und Wertung tries to mend. In order to do this , a method of weak presuppositions is followed to show ex negativo that the (expanded) logics enabling us to make scientific discoveries constitute a proper criterion which can be used to check ethical or political propositions. This criterion is non-ideological in all possible senses, for the logic of science itself urges us to ignore the race, sex or religious affiliation of the person arguing. Since the inner ways of science are best explored by Popper and his constructive Critics, Wissenschaftstheorie und Wertung develops the organon of Critical Rationalism into easily usable thought-tools which enable the citizens of pluralist societies to select among all the ethical and political propositions they hear, read, or otherwise glean. With the right methodological steps, such a development is possible without any blur on the fact/value-dichotomy which remains fully respected in the given approach. Technically , Wissenschaftstheorie und Wertung gains a methodological principle from Poppers Essay The Aim of Science , realized by a set of methodological rules or selection criteria. The ethical or political proposals available on the ideology market serve as material for inspection. Ethical or political propositions not refuted by the methodological apparatus might be called suitable or less bad : They constitute what is recommended by Wissenschaftstheorie und Wertung again ex negativo. It should be noted here that the given approach does not need special Brueckenprinzipien , or principles to bridge the gap between science and ethics , as suggested by Hans Albert. The problem of how to legitimate such Brueckenprinzipien seems therefore solved. Materially , the thought-tools of Wissenschaftstheorie und Wertung provide a robust legitimation (of course, ex negativo) of Liberal Democracy, not erodable by cultural relativism and not dependent on any overlapping consensus of Rawlsian provenience. Paternalistic proposals are refuted by its organon as well as libertarian ones, which are blind for the necessity of rational social politics. Concerning more private ethical matters, Wissenschaftstheorie und Wertung serves as an antidote against many a gloomy ideology, usually called modern or deeply thought , such as solipsism, ethical or even epistemological relativism, reductionism of psychoanalyst style, or aesthetical brutalism. This nuance might turn out to be important, since the tradition of continental Lebensphilosophie, or existentialism, has the semblance of being in love with the depressing or even schizophrenogene. With a reflection on the bounds of the given approach and on the twofold nature of the ethical Wissenschaftstheorie und Wertung closes.