Search results

The problems associated with chronically high inflation and hyper inflation continue to preoccupy policy makers and economists. In Great Inflations of the 20th Century, Pierre Siklos has gathered together major papers by a distinguished group of scholars who use historical episodes to understand and explain a key issue. Beginning with general surveys of historical experiences of hyperinflation and cases of chronic inflation, this volume continues with papers on the conditions which are conducive to generating high inflation. The link between monetary policy and inflation is examined through empirical studies of inflationary episodes in Germany, Hungary and Bolivia. The final part looks at how policy makers can seek to end high inflation with the smallest possible economic cost. Bringing together in one accessible volume a series of acclaimed contributions to the field, Great Inflations of the 20th Century will be a key reference resource for interested scholars and policy makers concerned with the myriad of issues surrounding the beginning and end of high or chronic inflation

AbstractProfessor Bertram Schefold's recent papers on capital theory and the Cambridge critique argue that the very low likelihood of reswitching and reverse capital deepening that appears to emerge from empirical input–output tables is confirmed by theoretical results; these results, he concludes, largely rehabilitate traditional neoclassical views on capital and show that the Sraffian critics' insistence on reverse capital deepening as a fundamental criticism of neoclassical theory is misplaced. The present paper raises doubts about these arguments. In particular, Professor Schefold does not give adequate consideration to the 'supply-side' problems with the measurability and the given endowment of the traditional notion of capital as a single factor. On the empirical evidence based on input–output tables, I agree with Professor Kurz that it suffers from very serious weaknesses. The more recent argument for an extremely low likelihood of double switching, advanced in Schefold (2016, 2018), appears criticisable too. Some weaknesses are also found in the recent argument jointly with Professor Götz Kersting on the 'poverty of production functions.'

AbstractDebates over the legality and morality of abortion in Europe, especially France, were quite different in the early 20th century than they became in Europe and America after widespread legalization. Instead of focusing on the potential rights of the unborn, politically powerful pro‐natalist activists and their less influential neo‐Malthusian adversaries debated the need for larger populations, the role of abortion in facilitating sexual immorality, and the economics of single motherhood. The fetus was largely ignored as most French people continued to hold pre‐modern views of abortion prior to fetal movement as the morally neutral act of restoring delayed menstruation. French juries often showed leniency to women who aborted, although they more frequently voted to convict abortionists, especially midwives.

The overview of the materially cultural heritage of Ganja of the 19th-20th centuries is given in this article. In terms of material cultural elements and ethnic diversity, the city of Ganja occupies a special place among the cities of Azerbaijan. The authors especially emphasize, that tolerance and multicultural values have also contributed to the creation of an urban environment.

Este artigo busca apresentar e discutir as principais dificuldades dos professores de Sociologia do Ensino Médio ao lecionar essa disciplina. Parte-se do pressuposto ser necessário, ao estudar o ensino de Sociologia, considerar as deficiências gerais formativas do professor, a falta de tradição da disciplina – por conta de sua recém reintrodução -, a insipiente produção de recursos didáticos, as condições estruturais e cotidianas do trabalho docente. Por isso, o presente artigo apresenta uma breve contextualização geral para, em seguida, analisar as especificidades do ensino de Sociologia no estado de Alagoas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa cujos dados foram obtidos por meio de um questionário online aplicado a 104 professores de Sociologia do Ensino Básico atuantes no estado de Alagoas. Dentre os resultados encontrados destacamos a maior insegurança em ministrar aulas que abordem as contribuições dos clássicos da Sociologia (Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim e Max Weber) para a compreensão dos fenômenos sociais contemporâneos. Somado a essa situação, os professores apontam dificuldades de acesso a recursos didáticos relacionados a tais conteúdos. Identificamos, ainda, que essas dificuldades estão conexas às deficiências formativas, as condições de trabalho e ao contexto mais amplo em que se insere o ensino de Sociologia.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of Beijing's urban structure in the 20th century, analyzing essential social and economic changes in the housing sector. Focusing on the urban changes that took place under the market economy after 1978 and beyond, the book addresses the demolition of courtyard houses in Beijing's old city, the relocation of low-income families from the old city, the government's role regarding housing in the city, and residential segregation in Beijing. Expanding on the author's PhD thesis at the University of Cambridge, it is illustrated with a wealth of historic photos and maps of Beijing. Presenting relevant descriptions, extensive literature and case studies, the book offers a valuable resource for students and scholars of architecture, urban studies and Chinese studies. First published in 2013 by Pace in Hong Kong, it has since been added to the libraries of many distinguished universities, including Harvard, MIT, Princeton, Columbia, Yale, Stanford, Cornell, U Penn, NYU, UC Berkeley, Hong Kong University, UBC in Canada and the University of Witwatersrand in South Africa.

During the late 20th century numerical rating scales became central to the diagnosis of dementia and helped transform attitudes about its causes and prevalence. Concentrating largely on the development and use of the Blessed Dementia Scale, I argue that rating scales served professional ends during the 1960s and 1970s. They helped old age psychiatrists establish jurisdiction over conditions such as dementia and present their field as a vital component of the welfare state, where they argued that 'reliable modes of diagnosis' were vital to the allocation of resources. I show how these arguments appealed to politicians, funding bodies and patient groups, who agreed that dementia was a distinct disease and claimed research on its causes and prevention should be designated 'top priority'. But I also show that worries about the replacement of clinical acumen with technical and depersonalized methods, which could conceivably be applied by anyone, led psychiatrists to stress that rating scales had their limits and could be used only by trained experts.

Zu Ehren von Prof. Wolfgang Thaenert, dem scheidenden Direktor der Hessischen Landesanstalt für privaten Rundfunk und neue Medien (LPR Hessen), vereint diese Festschrift eine Vielzahl von Beiträgen namhafter Experten zu Fragen der Medienpolitik und des Medienrechts. Sie alle sind Freunde, Kollegen oder Weggefährten des Geehrten, der fast ein Vierteljahrhundert seines Berufslebens in die Dienste der LPR Hessen gestellt und die Rundfunk- und Medienlandschaft entscheidend mitgeprägt hat.Wolfgang ThaenertDie Festschrift widmet sich dem modernen Rundfunk mit all seinen Facetten. Herausforderungen für die Rundfunkaufsicht in Zeiten zunehmender Konvergenz werden ebenso beleuchtet wie die existenziellen Fragen des privaten Rundfunks. Lesenswert sind ferner die Thesen und Feststellungen zur Werte­ordnung, in der sich die Medien heute bewegen oder bewegen sollen und die sie in ein Spannungsfeld zu einer zunehmend werteneutralen Gesellschaft bringen. Dies impliziert journalistische Grundfragen, erstreckt sich aber auch ganz konkret auf die sogenannten Sozialen Netzwerke oder die Glücksspielwerbung. Nicht fehlen durften schließlich die höchst aktuellen Themenfelder DAB+ und Datenschutz, letzterer vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellsten Erkenntnisse über Datenspeicherung und Datenmissbrauch. Das Werk bietet damit sowohl einen Überblick über die Schwerpunkte des Wirkens von Prof. Wolfgang Thaenert, als auch über die wichtigsten aktuellen Aspekte des privaten Rundfunks und der neuen Medien. Wolfgang Thaenert