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Physical fitness and motor skills are considered important attributes for the military, affecting their professional performance. The high physical and psychological demand that the special forces are subjected to requires the acquisition of a set of volitional skills such as resilience, effort, perseverance, or resistance to frustration, which are worthy of further research. This study aimed to analyse the perception of the special troops (commandos) in physical fitness, motor control and psychological skills. A total of 35 male soldiers that ended the commando recruit training program (21.69 ± 2.36 years old) were investigated. A questionnaire was applied to verify differences in perception of physical fitness, motor capacity, physical effort and military training during recruit training according to age, education, work experience and sports background. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the participants. All data collected were analysed using IBM-SPSS Statistics, version 24. Our results revealed differences in the importance given to the training of motor skills within military training (χ2 = 19.284; p = 0.023), conditional motor skills – speed (χ2 = 17.378; p = 0.043), coordinative motor skills—motor control (χ2 = 20.616; p = 0.014), psychological skills in a military context (χ2 = 13.730; p = 0.008), volitional skills—resistance to frustration (χ2 = 21.568; p = 0.043) and volitional skills—psychological resistance (χ2 = 29.144; p = 0.004). The participants highlighted the importance of instructors having scientific knowledge in physical education to provide military physical training to be better prepared for this purpose. We concluded that motor skills and psychological abilities tend to be equally important in the context of military training. Physical fitness and motor skill development can be considered essential in military training for most of the inquired participants.

Background: One in five women suffer from anxiety during pregnancy. Untreated anxiety is a risk factor for postnatal depression and is associated with adverse birth outcomes. Despite the high prevalence of prenatal anxiety in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), efforts to develop and evaluate context-specific interventions in these settings are lacking. We aimed to develop a culturally appropriate, feasible, and acceptable psychological intervention for perinatal anxiety in the context of a low-income population in Pakistan. Methods: We conducted this research in Rawalpindi District at the Obstetrics Department of the Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi Medical University a government facility catering to a mixture of low-income urban, peri-urban, and rural populations. We used a mixture of research methods to: a) investigate the clinical, cultural, and health-service delivery context of perinatal anxiety; b) select an evidence-based approach that suited the population and health-delivery system; c) develop an intervention with extensive reference documentation/manuals; and d) examine issues involved in its implementation. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, and analyzed using framework analysis. Results: Informed by the qualitative findings and review of existing evidence-based practices, we developed the "Happy Mother, Healthy Baby" intervention, which was based on principles of cognitive behavior therapy. Its evidence-based elements included: developing an empathetic relationship, challenging thoughts, behavior activation, problem solving, and involving family. These elements were applied using a three-step approach: 1) learning to identify unhealthy or unhelpful thinking and behavior; 2) learning to replace unhealthy or unhelpful thinking and behavior with helpful thinking and behavior; and 3) practicing thinking and acting healthy. Delivered by non-specialist providers, the intervention used culturally appropriate illustrations and examples of healthy ...

Als qualitative Sozialforscher/innen in den Vereinigten Staaten theoretisieren und verorten wir die ethischen Fragen unserer Arbeit in einem Kontinuum von Methodologien, Epistemologien und Forschungsbeziehungen. Dem Ansatz einer kollektiven und transgressiven Reflexivität folgend, schreiben wir als Mitglieder der Ethik-Task-Force der Society of Qualitative Research on Psychology (SQIP) den Ethikkodex der American Psychological Association (APA) um. Wir imaginieren den Kodex neu, sodass er qualitative Forschung mit einschließt und eine Hilfestellung für die evidenzbasierten Dilemmata geben kann, die in unserer Forschung auftauchen. In diesem Artikel benennen wir Leerstellen innerhalb des Kodex, die unvereinbar sind mit einer kritischen qualitativen Sozialforschung, die nach sozialer Gerechtigkeit strebt. Wir rütteln quasi von unten an den erkenntnistheoretischen Grundlagen des Kodex. Dabei entwerfen wir unsere Vision/en für einen neuen Ethikkodex, der die intersubjektive und reflexive Natur der Wissensproduktion in den Vordergrund stellt, die Würde der Beteiligten wahrt, Machtbeziehungen innerhalb und außerhalb des Forschungsvorhabens beachtet, relationale und epistemische Distanz kritisiert und den inneren Zusammenhang zwischen Epistemologie, Validität und Ethik expliziert. In unserem Text weisen wir auf einen Bruch zwischen den normativen Formen von Erkenntnis und Sein in der Universität und der qualitativen Forschung hin.

Pt. 1. Psychology and the worker; pt. 2, Psychology and the consumer; pt. 3, Agencies for psychological research in business.

The 2010 earthquakes in Haiti initiated crises for one of the world's poorest nations. This transpired amidst pervasive, pre‐disaster hardships, with the resulting situation described as 'acute on chronic' trauma exposure. The current paper provides a description of a dynamic model focused on three factors of consideration for similar crises: cultural context, unfolding traumatic events and developmental processes. Knowledge from developmental psychology can inform humanitarian aid efforts to effectively address the unique needs of children. Recommendations are offered for research, clinical work and policy related to the mental health needs of children where 'acute on chronic' conditions exist.

"Listening to Killers offers an inside look at twenty years' worth of murder files from Dr. James Garbarino, a leading expert psychological witness who listens to killers so that he can testify in court. The author offers detailed accounts of how killers travel a path that leads from childhood innocence to lethal violence in adolescence or adulthood. He places the emotional and moral damage of each individual killer within a larger scientific framework of social, psychological, anthropological, and biological research on human development. By linking individual cases to broad social and cultural issues and illustrating the social toxicity and unresolved trauma that drive some people to kill, Dr. Garbarino highlights the humanity we share with killers and the role of understanding and empathy in breaking the cycle of violence"--Provided by publisher

Sibling relationships, the longest‐lasting relationships in most people's lives, have been understudied compared to other family relationships. The goal of this review is to increase understanding of sibling relationships from midlife to older adulthood by integrating aspects of psychological and sociological theories, including social exchange, family systems, and life course perspectives, to better understand the structure, function, processes, and meaning of sibling relationships in middle and later life. This theoretical integration promotes a comprehensive study of sibling relationships by considering individual and family characteristics as well as the broader social and cultural contexts in which sibling ties are situated. Further, this integration facilitates the study of sibling relationships across time. In addition to reviewing current knowledge about sibling relationships in adulthood, we discuss directions for future research, the methodological practices necessary to advance this research, and the translational significance of research on adult sibling relationships for aging populations.

The Operational Code and the Cognitive Map approaches focus on the thought pro cesses of the individual. Differences emerge m the operationalization of concepts from cognitive theory such as 'centrality' and 'consistency', and in the conceptualization of the dependent variable. In the research procedures the Cognitive Map approach builds into its model assumptions which are more subject for investigation in the Operational Code approach. The article discusses the predictive and explanatory validity of the two approaches, one concern being whether coded beliefs or concepts from documents or interviews give valid representations of the decision-makers' beliefs. It is con cluded that both approaches may increase our understanding of how psychological constraints affect decision-makers.

Modern Russian Universities face a new type of educational, educational and psychological problems related to inclusive education, multiculturalism of the student population, and a high level of heterogeneity in the cognitive and social development of the younger generation. All this forms a powerful social demand for the development of the psychological service of education. The new socio-cultural situation of development of the young generation poses a new problems of psychological support of the educational system, which are reflected in the deliberations and discussions held in the framework of all-Russian scientific-practical conference with international participation «Actual problems of psychological service of the University in the new reality», which took place on 25–26 September 2020 in an online format. During the conference, the following issues were discussed: socio-psychological aspects of modern education, health protection of students, the specifics of the work of psychological services of universities and psychosocial aspects of distance learning at a university in a pandemic. As a result of the conference, it was proposed: to disseminate and implement the positive results of the activities of psychological services in the field of mental health protection among domestic universities; promote the creation of a common Internet space for the exchange of experience between psychological services of educational organizations; to develop a number of methodological recommendations on the specifics of teaching in conditions of distance learning for the teaching staff.

Achieving a good work-life balance leads to being an employer of choice as well as attracting the best employees. The same can be said of academia, where having a well-balanced work-life balance can contribute to attracting, developing, and retaining suitably qualified academics. In this study, the aim is to examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on academics' work-life balance, psychological well-being, and productivity. The contribution of this study is towards establishing strategies that can be adopted to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on work-life balance, psychological wellbeing, and academic productivity. A quantitative approach was adopted, and the target population consisted of academics from a selected university of technology in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This study employed the structural equation modelling (SEM) technique, and the data was analysed using AMOS 27 statistical software. The results obtained revealed that the majority of academics still work longer hours than is normally expected. Academics were found to have less time to spend with their families and loved ones than is considered typical in the literature for achieving a healthy work-life balance. There is evidence to show that poor psychological well-being of academics strengthens or moderates the effects of work-life balance on academic productivity, with beta = -0.232† (p < 0.100). Furthermore, the findings revealed that academics felt they did not have control over the reduction of their stress levels caused by the heavy workloads placed on them.

Received: 11 June 2023 / Accepted: 22 September 2023 / Published: 5 November 2023

This book provides an up-to-date integration of some of the most recent developments in social psychological research on social conflict and aggression, one of the most perennial and puzzling topics in all of psychology. It offers an informative, scholarly yet readable overview of recent advances in research on the nature, antecedents, management, and consequences of interpersonal and intergroup conflict and aggression. The chapters share a broad integrative orientation, and argue that human conflict is best understood through the careful analysis of the cognitive, affective, and motivational processes of those involved in conflict situations, supplemented by a broadly-based understanding of the evolutionary, biological, as well as the social and cultural contexts within which social conflict occurs.

"This book explore the influence of presumed positive psychological factors on caregivers, such as self-efficacy, social support, spirituality, resilience, and leisure participation on the subjective well-being of the informal caregiver"--Provided by publisher