Suchergebnisse

This paper considers unilateral border measures, as contemplated by a number of developed states in conjunction with domestic emissions reduction schemes, as they relate to international trade and international environmental law. Specifically, I argue that to the extent that WTO-compliance requires strict adherence to the principle of nondiscrimination, as embodied in the national treatment and most-favored nation provisions in the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs, there is the potential for conflict with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR), both as a free-standing principle of customary international law and as set out in various multilateral environmental agreements and, in particular in the climate change context, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. This is insofar as the unilateral imposition of BCAs by developed countries shifts costs of compliance with environmental legislation in developed economies onto the developing world. Such allocation may conflict with the principle of CBDR, which recognizes the unequal contribution to environmental degradation of developed countries as well as their enhanced ability to address the challenges presented by such degradation and, as a consequence, requires that they undertake more onerous obligations with respect to climate change mitigation. The paper concludes with a discussion of the extent to which this conflict is illustrative of a deeper tension between efficiency and equity considerations inherent in the intersection of international economic law and international environmental law. Adapted from the source document.

Die Rechtsstellung der in Deutschland nach 1945 stationierten Truppen am Beispiel ihres strafrechtlichen Schutzes ist Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit. Der Autor untersucht die Rechtsstellung der beteiligten Staaten und stellt die Entwicklung der völkerrechtlichen Beziehung zwischen Aufnahme und Entsendestaat dar. Inhaltsübersicht 1. Einleitung 2. Grundlagen der Truppenstationierung 3. Kriegerische Besetzung Deutschlands zwischen 1945 und 1949 4. Fortgesetzter Besatzungszustand zwischen 1949 und 1955 5. Vertragliche Regelung des Aufenthalts von 1955 – 1961 6. Vertragliche Stationierung im Rahmen der NATO-Partnerschaft von 1961 – 1990 7. Wiedervereinigtes Deutschland ab 1990 8. Schlussbetrachtung

The development of the regional cooperation in South-Eastern Europe was at its lowest in comparison with other European regions. The changes occurring in the attitudes of the international community (through increased sensitivity and familiarity with the situation in the field and the new democratic advances of Croatia) are now creating favourable conditions for the development of the regional cooperation. It can be further fortified through international efforts, as well as through the international community's presence, since with its economic, political and even police/military resources it has enough instruments to support these developments. Within the emerging sintagm, "through cooperation to security", South-Eastern Europe is expected to commence its transformation of the relationships by developing different forms of useful cooperation which should lead to increased security and more peaceful coexistence. In such context, by means of regional cooperation, it is possible to attempt torging links with Europe and incorporating this region into the Euro- Atlantic integrations. (SOI : PM: S. 78)

1 Services: Lever to Growth -- 2 Services: What are They? -- Common characteristics of services -- Main types of services and their classification -- Specific aspects of transactions in services -- Contribution to the theory of postindustrial development -- Commentary: Wealth, Welfare, and the Hidden Economy -- 3 Value and Cost of Services -- Calculation of the value of a service product -- Definition of a unit of service -- Characteristics of nonmarket services -- 4 The Future of Services Societies and of Economic Policy -- Modification of production structures and the crisis of industrial societies: are services to blame? -- Characteristics of the postindustrial society -- Services and international competitiveness -- Gaps in the theory of international trade -- International economic cooperation revisited -- Postindustrial economic and social policies -- 5 Basic Data and Trends in Production and Trade in Services -- Goods-services linkages in the economy -- Services in GNP -- Services in international trade -- Services as items of trade.

This volume takes an enlightened step back from the ongoing discussion of globalization. The authors reject the notion that globalization is an analytically useful term. Rather, this volume shows globalization as merely the framework of the current political debate on the future of world power. Some of the many other novel ideas advanced by the authors include: the explicit prediction that East Asia is not going to become the center of the world; the contention that the USSR collapsed for the same reasons that nearly brought down the United States in 1973; and the notion that the regional economic networks that are emerging from under the modern states are in fact rather old formations. The articles in the volume are organized around three main themes. Part One explores both the changing patterns of global power from the viewpoint of geopolitics and the Gramscian approach to the study of international relations. Part Two further develops the debate among a number of eminent historians and sociologists challenging both the apologists for and the opponents of globalization in new and unexpected ways. Part Three traces the emergence of regional economic networks and explores the ambiguous problems of security and identity posed by the old-new transborder formations.