Suchergebnisse

Collection : Études statistiques de l'équipement (Paris) ; Collection : Études statistiques de l'équipement (Paris) ; Appartient à l'ensemble documentaire : BnSP000

I. Interdependency Through Internationalization in an Historical and Global Perspective -- 1 The "International Disorder": Some Historical Digressions on the Structure of Global Interdependencies -- 2 Dimensions and Perspectives of Interdependence: Exports, Multinationals, and New Forms of Internationalization -- 3 Global Forces Behind New Forms of Internationalization -- 4 The Structural Adjustment Problems of the National Economy: Views on the "Competitiveness Debate" of Swiss Executives -- II. A Taxonomy of New Forms of International Investment and Export Financing -- 5 New Forms of International Investment -- 6 New Forms of Export Financing -- III. Economic Theory and New Forms of Internationalization: Toward the Synthesis of a General Model -- 7 Introduction: Synopsis of Theoretical Development with Regard to Trade, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and New Forms of Internationalization (NFI) -- 8 The Transaction Cost Approach to New Forms of International Investment (NFII) -- 9 The Transaction Cost Approach to New Forms of Export Financing (NFEF) -- 10 Competitive Advantage and Technological Change from the Strategic Perspective of the Firm -- IV. Empirical Research on the Impact of New Forms of Internationalization on Swiss Industry -- 11 Empirical Research Concept and Data Base of Our Swiss Study -- 12 Case Study Results -- 13 Results of the Survey on New Forms of International Investment (NFII) -- 14 Results of the Survey on New Forms of Export Financing (NFEF) -- 15 Results of Surveys of Swiss Multinationals -- V. Synthesis: Conclusions and Recommendations for Economic Policy and Business Strategy -- 16 A Framework for the Evaluation of New Forms of Internationalization (NFI) -- 17 Recommendations for Private Business Strategies -- 18 Recommendations for Economic Policies at the National and International Levels.

The establishment of relationships between countries in a global era seems to require new strategies that, in some cases, transcend traditional state diplomacy. In this sense, public diplomacy has become a renewed strategy of transnational representativeness in which the country brand exerts an important role as mechanism for agglutinating and transmitting national identities. Thus, the new soft power of geographical representation seems to take place within the weakening of the state-nation and clearly benefits a new way of communicating the identity of a country which is closer to the intervention of different social agents than to the signing of international treaties, a competence traditionally reserved for governments. Based on a review of existing literature, this article presents the state of the art related to the new strategies of international representativeness that have been executed by countries and nations. ; El establecimiento de relaciones entre países en un entorno global parece requerir nuevas estrategias que trascienden la tradicional diplomacia de Estado. La diplomacia pública deviene una renovada estrategia de proyección internacional, donde la marca de país ejerce un importante papel a modo de dispositivo aglutinador y de transmisión de identidades nacionales. De este modo, el nuevo "poder blando" de la representación geográfica parece transcurrir en el seno del debilitamiento del Estado-nación y en claro beneficio de una nueva forma de comunicar la identidad de un país más próxima a la intervención de diferentes agentes sociales que a la firma de tratados internacionales de competencia gubernamental. A partir de una revisión de la literatura existente, este artículo presenta un estado del arte relacionado con las nuevas estrategias de representatividad internacional llevadas a cabo por países y naciones.

Aus jugoslawischer Sicht

International audience ; Although political discourses emphasize the attractiveness of France and the reception conditions for foreign students, these students remain strangers like any others, progressively facing monitoring policies over their entry and stay in France. African students are at the forefront of this border closure, implemented from the consulates. This article proposes to reverse the perspective by observing not the production of these borders, but the perceptions and practices of the students who face them. Investigating students' life courses—both those who have obtained their visa and those who have not—reveals the inequalities introduced by this political filter, which is very socially selective. Often confined by a student visa procedure, students develop different strategies to adapt to borders, or to bypass them, according to their social profile, their family history, and their individual and collective resources. This approach to public policies from below, and from its users, explains how the inextricable imbrication of borders, both political and social, reinforces the spatial immobility of some, but above all makes the mobility of others more complex. ; S'ils sont associés à des discours politiques soulignant la forte attractivité de la France, les étudiants étrangers demeurent des étrangers comme les autres, progressivement soumis à des politiques de contrôle de leur entrée et de leur séjour. Les étudiants africains sont en première ligne de ce processus de fermeture des frontières, à l'oeuvre dès les consulats de France. Cet article propose de renverser la perspective en observant, non pas la production de la politique des visas, mais les perceptions et les pratiques des étudiants qui l'affrontent. Enquêter les parcours d'étudiants qui ont obtenu ou se sont vus refuser leur visa permet de saisir les logiques des inégalités qui persistent face à ce filtre consulaire socialement très sélectif. Souvent captifs d'une procédure du visa étudiant diversement appropriée, les étudiants ...

International audience ; Although political discourses emphasize the attractiveness of France and the reception conditions for foreign students, these students remain strangers like any others, progressively facing monitoring policies over their entry and stay in France. African students are at the forefront of this border closure, implemented from the consulates. This article proposes to reverse the perspective by observing not the production of these borders, but the perceptions and practices of the students who face them. Investigating students' life courses—both those who have obtained their visa and those who have not—reveals the inequalities introduced by this political filter, which is very socially selective. Often confined by a student visa procedure, students develop different strategies to adapt to borders, or to bypass them, according to their social profile, their family history, and their individual and collective resources. This approach to public policies from below, and from its users, explains how the inextricable imbrication of borders, both political and social, reinforces the spatial immobility of some, but above all makes the mobility of others more complex. ; S'ils sont associés à des discours politiques soulignant la forte attractivité de la France, les étudiants étrangers demeurent des étrangers comme les autres, progressivement soumis à des politiques de contrôle de leur entrée et de leur séjour. Les étudiants africains sont en première ligne de ce processus de fermeture des frontières, à l'oeuvre dès les consulats de France. Cet article propose de renverser la perspective en observant, non pas la production de la politique des visas, mais les perceptions et les pratiques des étudiants qui l'affrontent. Enquêter les parcours d'étudiants qui ont obtenu ou se sont vus refuser leur visa permet de saisir les logiques des inégalités qui persistent face à ce filtre consulaire socialement très sélectif. Souvent captifs d'une procédure du visa étudiant diversement appropriée, les étudiants ...

When and in what circumstances do states turn to conflict management to manage a crisis? This article identifies a set of contextual, processual, and structural variables, examining the presence and strength of their associations with the likelihood of states employing conflict management in a foreign policy crisis. I conduct an empirical analysis of more than one thousand foreign policy crises between 1918 and 2013, using the International Crisis Behavior (ICB)-2 dataset, and with the data seek to craft a comprehensive model with the capacity to reliably predict when states will turn to conflict management in a foreign policy crisis based on the context and dynamics of a crisis as well as the attributes of crisis actors. My analysis suggests that states are more likely to employ negotiation, mediation, adjudication, and arbitration in foreign policy crises where the appeal, utility, and experience of violence is diminished; in crises involving weak, nascent, and/or transitional political entities; in crises involving fewer actors and/or crises not embedded within protracted conflicts; and in crises in which International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) are significantly involved.

The book is concerned with the main issues that arise for general commodity taxation in the internal market: the choice of a new international tax principle and the question of tax rate harmonization. The book provides a thorough discussion of these issues and evaluates the choices made by the European Community from a welfare-theoretic perspective by comparing them to feasible alternatives. The discussion integrates a large number of recent theoretical and policy-oriented contributions which have so far not been collected and summarized in a single volume. Special features of the book are that (a) the analysis combines elements of international trade theory and public finance, two economic disciplines which are rarely integrated; (b) a dual general equilibrium framework is used throughout the analysis, (c) a second-best setting is consistently employed, incorporating relevant policy constraints and integrating conflicting arguments in a single analytical framework, (d) part of the theoretical analysis is supplemented by a computable general equilibrium approach. The book shows that well-known international trademodels can be extended to model alternative principles for taxing international trade but also international differences in preferences for public goods and different views of government behavior - issues which are directly relevant for the discussion of tax rateharmonization but are rarely treated in an analytical way

Humanitarian aid has been more significant in the last few years, Spain has become an important humanitarian donor. In this context, the AECID and the Ministry of Defence have developed a wide collaboration annually reflected in a Plan of Action. The range of activities includes the response to natural disasters, humanitarian demining and Afganisthan reconstruction. ; La ayuda humanitaria ha tomado gran relevancia en los últimos años y España se ha convertido en un importante donante humanitario. En este contexto, la AECID y el Ministerio de Defensa han desarrollado una amplia colaboración que se refleja anualmente con la firma de un Plan Operativo y cuyas actividades van desde la respuesta a los desastres naturales a la reconstrucción de Afganistán pasando por el desminado humanitario.

Die Verhandlungen um die Reaktion der Staatengemeinschaft auf den Klimawandel beherrschen die internationale Bühne wie kaum ein zweites Thema. Die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen, auf denen diese Verhandlungen basieren, liefert das Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Was ist das für ein Gremium, wie funktioniert es und welche Kompetenzen hat es? Diese Fragen wurden – trotz der enormen öffentlichen Aufmerksamkeit, die den Sachstandsberichten des IPCC zuteil wird – aus völkerrechtlicher Sicht bisher nicht systematisch gestellt und beantwortet. Ulrike Bolle schließt mit der vorliegenden Untersuchung diese Lücke. Sie arbeitet Grundlagen, Organisation und Aufgaben des IPCC detailliert heraus und analysiert die Stellung des Gremiums im System des internationalen Klimaschutzes sowie seinen Einfluss auf die internationale Klimapolitik, auch unter dem Blickwinkel der Global Governance.

Preliminary Material /Christopher Greenwood and L.H. McCormack -- Chapter 1. From Ove to Bring /Marie Jacobsson -- Chapter 2. The Writings of Ove Bring /Marie Jacobsson -- Chapter 3. Legal Restraints on the Use of Armed Force /Hans Blix -- Chapter 4. Individual Responsibility under National and International Law for the Conduct of Armed Conflict /Iain Cameron -- Chapter 5. Reflections on the Security Council and Its Mandate to Maintain International Peace and Security /Hans Corell -- Chapter 6. National Sovereignty and Responsibility for Spent Nuclear Fuel /Per Cramr -- Chapter 7. The Developing Relationship between Law and Politics in the United Nations Human Rights Council /Gudmundur Eiriksson -- Chapter 8. The Future of Human Rights Law in Peace Operations /Ola Engdahl -- Chapter 9. Sense and Sensibility in Sentencing - Taking Stock of International Criminal Punishment /Frederik Harhoff -- Chapter 10. Submarine Operations and International Law /Wolff Heintschel Von Heinegg -- Chapter 11. Occupation and Sovereignty - Still a Useful Distinction? /Martti Koskenniemi -- Chapter 12. The Second Lebanon War: Reflections on the 2006 Israeli Military Operations against Hezbollah /Said Mahmoudi -- Chapter 13. Cluster Munitions, Proportionality and the Foreseeability of Civilian Damage /Timothy L. H. McCormack and Paramdeep B. Mtharu -- Chapter 14. Sacrificial Violence and Targeting in International Humanitarian Law /Gregor Noll -- Chapter 15. J.-J. Rousseau and the Law of Armed Force /Allan Rosas -- Chapter 16. Secession, Self-determination of 'Peoples' and Recognition - the Case of Kosovo's Declaration of Independence and International Law /Per Sevastik -- Chapter 17. Fighting for Justice: Ke Hammarskjld at the Permanent Court of International Justice /Ole Spiermann -- Chapter 18. Do We Need a World Court of Human Rights? /Geir Ulfstein -- Chapter 19. Neutrality, Impartiality and Our Responsibility to Uphold International Law /Pl Wrange -- Chapter 20. The Diluted, Dismantled, Disjointed and Resilient Old Collective Security System or Decision-making and the Use of Force - the Law as It Could Be /Inger Sterdahl -- Index /Christopher Greenwood and L.H. McCormack -- International Humanitarian Law Series /Christopher Greenwood and L.H. McCormack.

The aim of this course is to give the students of international relations a comprehensive knowledge of the historical development, achievements and changes in the practice of diplomacy. Thus the course will appraise and analyze the patterns of the practice of diplomacy by independent nations and other independent non-state actors in international politics.