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"Politics and elections in the United States have become increasingly nationalized. Voters now seem more concerned with which of the two national parties will be in power across all levels of government rather than which candidate will represent them individually. The phenomenon has reached levels unseen since the nineteenth century when the strong linkage between presidential and subnational voting was a result of electoral institutions in use, like the party ballot. With the adoption of Progressive Era reforms such as the Australian ballot and the direct primary, elections became far less nationalized throughout the first half of the 1900s, which allowed for an increased role for incumbency and more candidate-centered congressional elections. The recent resurgence of nationalization, however, is typically viewed as a function of decisions made by voters. Although we are beginning to see the effects of increased nationalization in several respects, we still do not have a firm grasp of the factors that may be contributing to nationalization in the modern era, nor do we fully understand its consequences. In seeking to shed light on this important topic, our work investigates how nationalization has influenced elections across different political eras. Specifically, we leverage historical variation in nationalization by analyzing congressional elections from 1840 to 2020. By examining nearly two centuries of elections, our study exploits considerable differences in nationalization, polarization, competition, rules, candidate behavior, voter preferences, and partisan advantage via the incumbency advantage. This book is the first to study such a wide swath of elections history in such a comprehensive fashion"--

"This book investigates several aspects of military power and security in the North Atlantic and Arctic region. NATO's northern flank is a large maritime and littoral theatre, where NATO directly borders Russia's Northern Fleet Military Administrative Territory, which is the location of some of Russia's most potent air, sea, and land power capabilities. While military tensions on the northern flank had been relatively low for years, the Ukraine war and increased great-power rivalry have altered that dynamic, with heightened geopolitical tensions. This has increased the focus on military-strategic competition in this northernmost region of the alliance. This book presents new assessments of several aspects of military power and security in the North Atlantic and Arctic region. With an analysis of the security and political climate in the High North, and of developments in Western military strategies, capabilities, doctrines, and operational concepts, the volume seeks to bring together an holistic understanding of the strategic challenges and opportunities facing the North Atlantic states and NATO in this dynamic area of responsibility for the alliance. In doing this, the book provides key insights into the role of intelligence, as well as branch-specific and joint approaches to power-projection and operations in the High North, which also includes selected country case studies. This book will be of much interest to students of NATO, military studies, security studies and International Relations"--

"This book analyses the strategic and economic significance of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), with a particular focus on the region of Balochistan. Given the history of multiple insurgencies that the Pakistani Military has confronted in Balochistan, the book examines the region's intricate conflict ecosystem and security landscape, which poses potential threats to the CPEC. Structured chronologically, the book traces the evolution of the Pakistani Army's counterinsurgency practices inherited in 1947 from the British Indian Army's culture of fighting small wars through to the contemporary counterinsurgency (COIN) adaptation in the 'war on terror', and afterwards, to the fifth round of the Balochistan insurgency. The analysis centres on the development of counterinsurgency theory and practice by the Pakistani Army. It empirically investigates the efficacy of the COIN strategy in Balochistan. The author argues that the approach significantly changed after conceptualising the doctrine, especially from 2016 onwards, from 'butcher and bolt' to the inclusion of critical components like political primacy, affect-based and focused use of force, 'winning hearts and minds' and rules of engagement. As a result, there was reduced violence and an increased number of insurgent surrenders. The book concludes that the Pakistani Army has largely controlled the insurgency in Balochistan. However, simultaneously, there is an urgent need to reduce tangible support to the insurgents through porous borders and implement an effective strategy to sever the nexus between the Islamic State of Khorasan (ISKP) and the Baloch insurgent organisations, as well as the sectarian militant organisations in Balochistan province. This is crucial to ending the insurgency and ensuring the security of CPEC. A novel contribution to the study of counterinsurgency and the importance of CPEC to China's foreign policy and diplomacy, as well as its effects on the conflict dynamics in Balochistan, the book will be of interest to researchers studying War and Conflict Studies, Terrorism Studies, International Relations, Security and Strategic Studies, and South Asian and Chinese Studies"--

Der HK-BauGB/BauNVODer "Kröninger/Jeromin" besticht durch seine praxisnahen, kompakten und klar strukturierten Erläuterungen und eine enge Verzahnung des BauGB mit der BauNVO.Seine besonderen Vorzüge:- Rechtssicheres Aufstellen von Bauleitplänen (Abwägungsprozess, Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung, Festsetzungsmöglichkeiten, planerische Konfliktbewältigung, Umweltprüfung)- Wichtige Verfahrenshinweise (Vermeidung von Verfahrensfehlern, Heilungsmöglichkeiten, UVP-pflichtige Vorhaben, vereinfachtes/beschleunigtes Verfahren)- Zahlreiche praxiserprobte Muster, Gestaltungs- und Formulierungshinweise.Die 5. AuflageDie Kommentierungen zur BauNVO wurden umfassend überarbeitet und erweitert. Die Neuauflage bringt das Werk zudem auf den aktuellen Stand. Neben den höchstrichterlichen Entscheidungen - zuletzt das BVerwG-Urteil zur Unvereinbarkeit des 13b BauGB mit Unionsrecht - sind die umfangreichen Gesetzesänderungen berücksichtigt, insbesondereGesetz zur sofortigen Verbesserung der Rahmenbedingungen für die erneuerbaren Energien im Städtebaurecht 2023Digitalisierungsnovelle 2023Wind-an-Land-Gesetz 2022Baulandmobilisierungsgesetz 2021Aufbauhilfegesetz 2021.Erfahrene Baurechtspraktiker:innen geben - orientiert an der aktuellen höchstrichterlichen Rechtsprechung - klare Anleitungen für Rechtsanwält:innen, Richter:innen, Notar:innen sowie Planer:innen in Kommunen, Behörden und Wirtschaft.

Digital Media as Ambient Therapy explores the ways mental illness can emerge from our relationships (with ourselves, others, and the world), to address the concern around what kind of relationality is conducive for mental health and what role digital technologies can play in fostering such relationality.

Colonized by Humanity is a study of racial liberalism at the end of empire. It uncovers the projects to cultivate racial integration developed in the two decades between the arrival of the Empire Windrush and the passage of the first Race Relations Act.

Chapter 1. From Loss to Hope. Paradoxical educational effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (Fernando M. Reimers) -- Chapter 2. Brazil. How two municipalities achieved above-average results in reading in the early years of elementary school during the Covid-19 pandemic (Carlos Palacios, Alicia Bonamino) -- Chapter 3. Post-pandemic crisis in Chilean education.The challenge of re-institutionalizing school education.(Cristián Bellei) -- Chapter 4. The Switch toDistance Teaching and Learning in Finland During the COVID-19 Pandemic(2020–2022) Went Technically Well but was Emotionally Challenging (Katariina Salmela-Aro and Jari Lavonen) -- Chapter 5. What Japan's education has lost and gained after almost succeeding in preventing the spread of infection and guaranteeing academic achievement?(Kan Hiroshi) -- Chapter 6. Understanding potential causes of learning loss in Mexico: Teachers´ perceptions regarding educational challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic (SergioCárdenas, Ignacio Ruelas, and Edson Sánchez) -- Chapter 7. The Fragility of the Norwegian Policy Response: How Relying on Digital Infrastructure and Local Autonomy Led to an Increase in Inequality in Education(Marte Blikstad-Balas) -- Chapter 8. Re-framing schools: what has been learned and remains in the post-covid period(Estela Costa & Mónica Baptista) -- Chapter 9. Pandemic lessons: Story of cooperation and competition in Russian education(Anastasia A. Andreeva, Diana O. Koroleva, Sergei G. Kosaretsky, and Isaak D. Frumin) -- Chapter 10. Singapore's endemic approach to education: Re-envisioning schools and learning(Oon Seng Tan, Jallene Jia En Chua) -- Chapter 11. Reforming education in times of pandemic: The case of Spain(Alejandro Tiana-Ferrer) -- Chapter 12. Fragility compounded: the state of the south african educational system in the aftermath of covid-19(Crain Soudien, Vijay Reddy and Jaqueline Harvey) -- Chapter 13. Leaning into the Leapfrog Moment: Redesigning American Schools in a Post-Pandemic World(R. Lennon Audrain & Carole G. Basile).

This book improves our understanding of battlefield coalitions, providing novel theoretical and empirical insight into their nature and capabilities, as well as the military and political consequences of their combat operations. The volume provides the first dataset of battlefield coalitions, uses primary sources to understand how non-state actors of varying types form such groupings, reports interviews with policymakers illuminating North Atlantic Treaty Organization operations, and uses cases studies of various wars waged throughout the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first centuries to understand how other such collectives have operated. Part I introduces battlefield coalitions as an object of study, demonstrating how they are distinct from other wartime collectives. Using a novel dataset of actors fighting in 492 battles during interstate wars waged between 1900 and 2003, it provides, for the first time, a comprehensive portrait of the universe of battlefield coalitions. Part II explores processes and dynamics involved in the formation of battlefield coalitions, addressing how potential coalition members prepare for future battles in peacetime (as well as the consequences of such preparations) and the dynamics of mission design. Part III focuses on how battlefield coalitions are organised and fight when combat ensues, notably their decision-making rules and practices, command structures, and learning capacities. Part IV addresses three curious tendencies observed in the operations of battlefield coalitions: partners under-providing effort in combat, rebels and terrorist networks persisting in cooperation even when their interests diverge, and members defecting from the collective. Part V concludes with a chapter outlining for future researchers what we know about battlefield coalitions and what remains to be understood.