Suchergebnisse

Academic global health programs are proliferating, and global health partnerships between North American academic institutions and institutions in low- and middle-income countries are steadily increasing. This study employs surveys and key informant interviews to examine global health partnerships, and it presents a framework for success to guide the development of sustainable global health programs and partnerships with measurable, defined impact. Eighty-two North American academic institutions and 46 international partnering institutions participated in the survey. Key informant interviews were conducted with global health leaders at 15 North American academic institutions and 11 partnering international institutions. Quantitative data were analyzed using linear regression, and qualitative data were used in thematic analyses. The surveys and interviews provide evidence of mutual benefits resulting from these global health partnerships, as well as areas for further development and improvement

One of the major issues of concern in the international organizations of human rights is the protection of places of worship against attacks of other groups or governments. The first part of this paper analyzes the documents of United Nation, European Union or Council of Europe organizations dealing with human rights. The result of the research offers a precise map of the «hot spots» of religious intolerance along the world. Main aspects of religious liberty, as the access to places of worship, the peaceful reunion inside them or the conservation, are infringed. The second part focuses on the European Court of Human Rights cases dealing with places of worship. We could notice how the Court analyzes carefully conditions and limitations of the establishment of places of worship in several European States, examining accomplishment with the minimum standards of the right of religious freedom enshrine in article 9 of the European Convention. ; La protección de los lugares de culto frente a los ataques consentidos o propiciados por los gobiernos se ha convertido en uno de los asuntos que más preocupa a las organizaciones internacionales para la protección de los derechos humanos. En la primera parte del trabajo, dedicada a las declaraciones de los órganos de Naciones Unidas, la Unión Europea y el Consejo de Europa, la lectura de los informes de estos órganos dibuja un preciso mapa de los puntos calientes en materia de intolerancia religiosa, en donde la posesión y reunión pacífica en los lugares de culto de las minorías son sistemáticamente violados. En la segunda se estudian las resoluciones del Tribunal europeo de derechos humanos, en donde se precisa, con una detallada argumentación jurídica, las condiciones básicas de la apertura y establecimiento de los lugares de culto conformes con los standards mínimos del derecho a la libertad religiosa consagrado en el artículo 9 de la Convención Europea.

This paper aims to focus on the questions of how important was the admission of Albania to the League of Nations as well as what was the reason of the change of attitude of the Great Powers and neighbors against Albanian candidature. In the paper is scrutinized the situation of Albania before membership in the League of Nations as well as the reasons that led it before this international body. The topic is interesting as the scrutiny of this moment of Albanian history in international relations helps to understand the events that followed in 1920s and how contributed this admission on the issue of borders and on international recognition.

The relevance of the topic is primarily related to the increase in the amount of used electrical and electronic equipment in the world. Most of this equipment has a complex configuration, namely it consists of both non-toxic and toxic materials, making it difficult to define a common approach to legal regulation of its storage, transportation and disposal. The object of the study is the transboundary movement of e-waste, the subject is international legal and regional standards in the field of transboundary movement. The purpose of this work is to study existing international and regional regulatory acts to establish international standards applicable to the transportation of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), as well as to identify their shortcomings and to study best practices to improve the existing approach to managing e-waste. The main tasks of the work: to determine the content of the concept "waste electrical and electronic equipment", as well as to identify the reasons why they create problems not only at the environmental level, but also at the societal, political and legal ones; investigate in detail and apply extended producer responsibility (EPR) to management of e-waste. Using such methods as comparative, as well as the method of generalization and system analysis, it was concluded that EPR is a very important tool for implementing the principles of reducing toxicity, reuse and recycling, because of its ability to stimulate "upstream" changes in product design by imposing obligations on "downstream" WEEE management. It is revealed that the individual responsibility of the manufacturer is most acceptable in the design of environmentally friendly products. Ultimately, an effective e-waste management framework in developed countries will help reduce the illegal transboundary movement of e-waste to developing countries. Master's work can be useful to legal scholars specializing in environmental issues, in particular - waste generation and management practices, law teachers, law students, and practicing lawyers. This is the first Russian-language study of such kind, where, in the course of studying mainly English scientific/legal literature and international treaties, the issue of applying extended producer responsibility when dealing with WEEE was investigated. Even such an extensive topic at first glance, as the problem of electronic waste, is not well studied in the literature of Russian-speaking authors.

The relevance of the topic is primarily related to the increase in the amount of used electrical and electronic equipment in the world. Most of this equipment has a complex configuration, namely it consists of both non-toxic and toxic materials, making it difficult to define a common approach to legal regulation of its storage, transportation and disposal. The object of the study is the transboundary movement of e-waste, the subject is international legal and regional standards in the field of transboundary movement. The purpose of this work is to study existing international and regional regulatory acts to establish international standards applicable to the transportation of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), as well as to identify their shortcomings and to study best practices to improve the existing approach to managing e-waste. The main tasks of the work: to determine the content of the concept "waste electrical and electronic equipment", as well as to identify the reasons why they create problems not only at the environmental level, but also at the societal, political and legal ones; investigate in detail and apply extended producer responsibility (EPR) to management of e-waste. Using such methods as comparative, as well as the method of generalization and system analysis, it was concluded that EPR is a very important tool for implementing the principles of reducing toxicity, reuse and recycling, because of its ability to stimulate "upstream" changes in product design by imposing obligations on "downstream" WEEE management. It is revealed that the individual responsibility of the manufacturer is most acceptable in the design of environmentally friendly products. Ultimately, an effective e-waste management framework in developed countries will help reduce the illegal transboundary movement of e-waste to developing countries. Master's work can be useful to legal scholars specializing in environmental issues, in particular - waste generation and management practices, law teachers, law students, and practicing lawyers. This is the first Russian-language study of such kind, where, in the course of studying mainly English scientific/legal literature and international treaties, the issue of applying extended producer responsibility when dealing with WEEE was investigated. Even such an extensive topic at first glance, as the problem of electronic waste, is not well studied in the literature of Russian-speaking authors.

Dokumentiert werden Referate und Diskussionsbeiträge einer am 18./19. Oktober 1988 in Washington abgehaltenen Konferenz amerikanischer Sowjetunionexperten über die Internationale Abteilung der KPdSU unter der Führung Anatoli F. Dobrinins. Behandelt werden u.a. die Rolle der Internationalen Abteilung im außenpolitischen Prozeß der Sowjetunion und im Rüstungskontrollprozeß, das Verhältnis der KPdSU - unter Gorbatschow - zu den kommunistischen Parteien Westeuropas sowie Karen Brutents' Beitrag zur Formulierung und Implementierung einer pragmatischen Dritte-Welt-Politik der UdSSR. Des weiteren vermitteln die Einzelbeiträge einen Überblick über Dobrinins Aktivitäten und Karriereverlauf zwischen März 1986 und September 1988, über die historische Entwicklung der Internationalen Abteilung und über deren Organisationsstruktur und Führungspersonal (Stand: September 1988). (BIOst-Klk)

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