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Everyone talks about the limitations of the judicial system in the context of international commercial disputes. But no one actually seems to address the possibilities for and appropriateness of judicial remedies in such disputes. This study examines how the International Court of Justice and its predecessor, the Permanent Court of International Justice, have dealt with economic disputes and arrives at highly interesting conclusions, challenging the widespread view that the Court is not an appropriate forum to handle economic disputes between states. While much depends on how one defines an `economic dispute', a comparison of the use of the court system versus the use of arbitration in such cases offers new insights. Among them: the observation that the once-clear distinctions between adjudication and arbitration are in fact diminishing, as evidenced, for example, in the use of the Chamber procedure of the International Court of Justice in a number of cases in recent years. The author sets out observations, conclusions, evaluations, and recommendations in a complete, straightforward fashion. The material is divided into easy-to-follow parts, each with concluding remarks. Paragraphs are separately labeled with bold headings to facilitate quick access to the information needed. This book enables scholars and practitioners to look at a critical issue in the field - the role or non-role of courts in certain international disputes - in an entirely new way, providing insightful material for thought, discussion, and practice

Necessity (Law); international law; Libya

The book seeks to untangle the complexities of how America and the West work within emerging markets, addressing the political and diplomatic implications of investment alongside emerging theory within IPE and its implications for the USA.

Summarization: Greece is a small country with 11 million inhabitants. Microwave education is provided by universities on 5-year programs and Technological Educational Institutes (TEIs) on 4-year programs. This paper describes microwave engineering education within the Departments of Electronic Engineering (DoEEs) in TEIs, and especially within the one of TEI of Crete. After a short description of the electronic engineering education programs, the paper emphasizes on the present situation in microwave courses, which are evolving due to rapid changes in engineering practice. Factors, such as the knowledge explosion, the technological developments, the globalisation, the national and international competition, and the military and industrial infrastructure renewal, are responsible for a major shift in microwave and antenna education. Being determined to stop electronic engineering students from facing upon microwaves just as a difficult, theoretically demanding, and complex mathematics requiring topic, we have used modern computer modelling, simulation, and animation tools, in order to transform abstract electromagnetic-field theory into realistic images on screen. ; Παρουσιάστηκε στο: 8th International Conference "New Horizons in Industry, Business and Education

Extradition is the most important judicial figure in international cooperation; the most notable cases being terrorism, drug trafficking, money laundering, weapons, trafficking in persons, criminal organizations and other punishable conducts related to the above, as well as the crimes contained in the Rome Statute. This cooperation figure in some estates has overcome a series of political, economic, legal and social barriers, becoming a more viable and more valid institution, since it has gone from being a government policy to being a state policy, in addition to extending its scope of applicability, going from the simple referral of criminals to reciprocity of information, investigation, judicial assistance, among others. Thus, countries today have the international obligation to make and ratify treaties where mutual assistance commitments are generated in the field of international cooperation, based on the principle or Latin formula called: aut dedere aut judicare (extradite or judge), issued since the Geneva Conventions of 1949, so that if the state is unable to prosecute the offender or wishes to surrender it to the requesting nation, the offender may be prosecuted by the petitioner.It is to be clarified that this regulation was set aside for decades and has its legal reappearance in articles 8 and 9 of the draft code of crimes against the peace and security of mankind of 1996, where this principle and that of the universal jurisdiction were timidly addressed. This was taken up again in 1998 when the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court was adopted. ; La extradición es la figura jurídica judicial de mayor expresión en materia de cooperación internacional; siendo los casos más notorios los de terrorismo, narcotráfico, blanqueo de capitales, armas, trata de personas, organizaciones criminales y demás conductas punibles conexas a los anteriores, así como los delitos contenidos en el Estatuto de Roma. Esta figura cooperativa en algunos estamentos ha superado una serie de barreras de conveniencia política, económicas, jurídicas y sociales, convirtiéndose en una institución más viable y de mayor validez, pues ha pasado de ser una política de gobierno a ser una política estatal, además de ampliar su espectro de aplicabilidad, pasándose de la simple remisión de criminales a la reciprocidad de información, investigación, asistencia judicial, entre otros. Es así que los países se encuentran hoy con la obligación internacional de efectuar y ratificar tratados en donde se generen compromisos de asistencia mutua en materia de cooperación internacional, basados en el principio o denominada formula del latín: aut dedere aut judicare (extraditar o juzgar), emanado desde los convenios de Ginebra de 1949, con el propósito de que si el estamento está imposibilitado de juzgar al criminal o desea entregarlo a la nación requirente, este pueda ser procesado por el solicitante.Es de aclarar que esta norma se hizo a un lado durante décadas, tiene su reaparición legal en los artículos 8 y 9 del proyecto de código de crímenes contra la paz y la seguridad de la humanidad de 1996, en donde se trataba tímidamente este principio y el de jurisdicción universal. Lo anterior se retoma en 1998 al adoptarse el Estatuto de Roma de la Corte Penal Internacional. ; A extradição é a figura jurídica judicial de maior expressão em matéria de cooperação internacional; sendo os casos mais notórios os de terrorismo, narcotráfico, branqueamento de capitais, armas, tráfico de pessoas, organizações criminosas e demais condutas puníveis conexas às anteriores, assim como os delitos estabelecidos no Estatuto de Roma.Esta figura cooperativa em alguns estamentos tem superado uma série de barreiras de conveniência política, econômicas, jurídicas e sociais, convertendose em uma instituição mais viável e de maior validez, ora tem passado de ser uma política de governo ao ser uma política estatal, além de ampliar seu espectro de aplicabilidade, passando da simples remissão de criminosos à reciprocidade de informação, investigação, assistência judicial, entre outros.É assim que os países encontram-se hoje com a obrigação internacional de efetuare ratificar os tratados nos quais se gerem compromissos de assistência mútua emmatéria de cooperação internacional, baseados no princípio ou denominada formula do latim: aut dedere aut judicare (extraditar ou julgar) emanado nos convênios de Genebra de 1949, com o objetivo que se o estamento está impossibilitado para julgar ao criminoso ou deseja entregá-lo à nação requerente, o criminoso seja processado pelo solicitante.Deve-se esclarecer que esta forma foi ignorada durante décadas, tem sua reaparição legal nos artigos 8 e 9 do projeto do código de crimes contra a paz e a segurança da humanidade de 1996, na qual se tratava timidamente este princípio e o do jurisdição universal. O anterior se retoma em 1998 ao se adotar o Estatuto de Roma da Corte Penal Internacional.

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