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An introduction to a special issue discussing political views regarding European restructuring. For 40 years, the Cold War division between East & West defined which European countries were allies & helped to create its institutions. With the collapse of communism & the end of the Cold War, a large number of economically & politically weak states emerged, each desiring membership in & help from Western institutions. Many problems are yet to be resolved. Now Europe can be defined not only in geographical terms, but also in economic, political, cultural, & religious terms. Each definition can overlap or divide states even among the existing Western European members. Europe's external borders are being defined & its internal borders are complicated. Resentment could arise between new European Union member states & those that take longer to qualify for membership or are excluded from it. Each European organization is expanding in different ways with its final memberships differing. Some countries, including Poland, Hungary, & the Czech Republic, may be members of all the European clubs; the Baltic states may join the EU but not the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; others may be left to just membership in the Council of Europe & PfP. The end goal must be to make the enlargement of European institutions an effective transition & avoid creating new divisions. The challenge is to avoid creating impenetrable legal borders that make cross-border cooperation more difficult. L. A. Hoffman

The parallel development of the inter- and non-governmental Commonwealths on the one hand and the field of International Relations and its oldest journal, The Round Table, on the other, should not go unnoticed at the start of the second decade of the century. This article suggests that the Commonwealth nexus has always constituted a distinctive perspective and debate in both the metropole and the rest of the Commonwealth's expanding official and unofficial networks. The Commonwealth 'School' both reinforces and contrasts with other non-US and non-hegemonic approaches presently animating the field. Adapted from the source document.

The claim that transitions in international order are not only products of transitions in power, but also products of transitions in shared ideas is now relatively uncontroversial in the International Relations literature. Yet persistent gaps remain in understanding how ideas are shared, and which states play a role in sharing an international order's ideas. This paper demonstrates that ideas are shared through social, interactive processes, which involve both superordinate states and subordinate ones. Nevertheless, as a result of their unequal power, subordinate state agency is typically expressed when subordinate states operate in conjunction with superordinate ones, a finding that poses empirical challenges for studying subordinate states' ideas and their order-shaping role. To resolve this challenge, the paper explores how a pair of superordinate and subordinate states – the United States and the Republic of China – operated in conjunction with one another to shape the transition to a post-WWII order at Bretton Woods. It examines cases of idea convergence and divergence between the United States and China; carefully disentangles the conscious and unconscious drivers of idea convergence; and highlights three distinct mechanisms – amplifying, grafting and resistance by appropriation – through which subordinate states shape a changing order's shared ideas.

Introduction : mapping the crisis of multilateralism -- Oleksandr Vodiannikov, the crisis of trust in contemporary multilateralism : international order in times of perplexity -- Sean Butler, believing is seeing : normative consensus and the crisis of institutional multilateralism -- Maria Varaki, revisiting the 'crisis' of international law -- Mary E. Footer, the multilateral international order - reports of its death are greatly exaggerated -- Christopher Lentz, state withdrawals of jurisdiction from an international adjudicative body -- Calgosia Fitzmaurice, multilateralism, community of interests and environmental law -- Vassilis Pergantis, the advent and fall of trust as a cornerstone of judicial cooperation in multilateral regimes in Europe : a cautionary tale -- Agnieszka Nimark, the nuclear non-proliferation regime at 50 : midlife crisis and its consequences -- Patrycja Grzebyk, Karolina Wierczyńska, the crisis of multilateralism through the prism of the experience of the international criminal court -- Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann, global governance crises and rule of law : lessons from Europe's multilevel constitutionalism -- Jessica C. Lawrence, we have never been 'multilateral' : consensus discourse in international trade law -- Ewa Zelazna, the EU's reform of the investor-state dispute resolution system : a bilateral path towards a multilateral solution -- Margherita Melillo, challenges to multilateralism at the World Health Organization -- Szymon Zaręba, the Council of Europe and Russia : emerging from a crisis or heading towards a new one?

This paper analyzes the formal-legal and economic potentials of a possible entry of Argentina to the Pacific Alliance. Two questions need to be answered. First: Would it be possible to be part of these two integration schemes? Second: What would Argentina specifically benefit from by joining the Alliance? For this purpose, a comparative exercise is carried out to perceive to what extent the member countries of the Pacific Alliance benefited from it, and which sectors within them, in order to foresee what might happen in the case of Argentina. ; Este trabajo analiza las posibilidades formales-legales y económicas de unposible ingreso de la Argentina a la Alianza del Pacífico. Primero: ¿sería posiblela pertenencia a estos dos esquemas de integración?Segundo: ¿en que se beneficiaría concretamente Argentina con su incorporacióna dicha Alianza? Para ello se realiza un ejercicio comparativo paraobservar en qué medida y a qué sectores de los países miembros de la Alianzadel Pacífico benefició dicho acuerdo, planteando algunas líneas de lo quepodría pasar en virtud de lo analizado en la Argentina.

Recognizing the vital importance of concepts in shaping our understanding of international relations, this ground-breaking new book puts concepts front and centre, systematically unpacking them in a clear, critical and engaging way. With contributions from some of the foremost authorities in the field, Concepts in World Politics explores 17 core concepts, from democracy to globalization, sovereignty to revolution, and covers:. The multiple meanings of a concept, where these meanings come from, and how they are employed theoretically and practically. The consequences of using concepts to frame the world in one way or another. The method of concept analysis A challenging and stimulating read, Concepts in World Politics is an indispensable guide for all students of international relations looking to develop a more nuanced and sophisticated ...