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Account of Francis Babcock for expenses related to his son's attendance at the Academy.

Account of Charles Thorndike with Alden Partridge for expenses pertaining to his son's attendance at the Academy.

Account of Thomas Smith with Alden Partridge for expenses related to his son's attendance at the Academy.

Account of R. Smith with E. T. Raymond for expenses relating to his attendance at the Academy.

Account of Cadet Gardiner with E. T. Raymond for expenses related to his uniform at the Academy.

The European Academy of Cancer Sciences (EACS) is an independent advisory body of well-recognised medical specialists and researchers striving to create a compelling interactive continuum of cancer research, from innovative basic research to implementation of state-of-the-art evidence-based cancer care and prevention. Achieving the above will entail bridging high-quality basic and preclinical cancer research to research on prevention, early detection and therapeutics as well as improving coordination of translational research efforts across Europe. The latter is expected to be expedited through quality assuring translational cancer research in Comprehensive Cancer Centres - entities that link research with the healthcare system - and networks of cancer research centres. Achieving a critical mass of expertise, resources and patients is crucial. Improving late translational research, which involves clinical studies to assess effectiveness, and added value for the health care is also a high priority. Both high-quality Big Data collections and the intelligent use of these data will promote innovation in cancer research and support outcomes research to assess clinical utility, quality of cancer care and long-term follow-up of treated patients. The EACS supports the mission-oriented approach recently proposed by the European Commission in Horizon Europe to deal with major challenges and would like to persuade the EU and its member states to formally launch a mission in cancer to boost and streamline the cancer research continuum in Europe. Building a coherent translational cancer research continuum with a focus on patients and individuals at risk will require, however, foresight as well as the extensive and continuous provision of evidence-based advice to inform policy.

Most academics recognize that universities, as institutions, have an obligation to account rigorously for financial expenditures. There is less agreement about teaching and research wherein issues of autonomy and academic freedom enter the debate. Yet here too, demands for accountability are being pressed on the academy. In recent years, the demand for accountability also has been directed with considerable force to the private sector with what appear, in a number of cases, to be dramatic effects. Equally dramatic has been the extent to which the public debate and the response of the private sector to public criticism have linked issues of accountability to ethics. Of particular interest is the idea that accountability is not just a managerial, organizational or political concept. It is also a moral concept, a concept, furthermore, that is central to understanding the status and legitimacy of the modern corporation. My purpose in this paper is to explore this insight and to develop its relevance for understanding and responding to the crisis which contemporary university systems are currently experiencing. I do so not with the idea of persuading the reader that universities should be understood to be, or managed as though they were, private sector corporations. To the contrary, close study of the sort I propose should help to identify important similarities, but also key differences. Both are central to understand- ing what accountability requires for the contemporary university. ; La plupart des universitaires reconnaissent que les universités, en tant qu'institutions, ont l'obligation de rendre compte avec rigueur de leur gestion financière. En matière d'enseignement et de recherche, où les questions d'autonomie et de liberté universitaire entrent en jeu, l'accord est moin général. Pourtant là aussi, 1 responsabilité est exigée de l'Université. Au cours des années récentes, la responsabilité exigée instamment du secteur privé semble avoir eu, dans certains cas, des conséquences dramatiques. Le débat public, ainsi que la réaction du secteur privé face aux critiques du public, ont rapproché de façon tout aussi dramatique les questions de responsabilité à la morale. Il est particulièrement intéressant de constater que le concept de responsabilité ne se limite pas aux domaines de la gestion, de l'organisation ou de la politique. C'est également un concept de morale qui est indispensable pour comprendre le statut et la légitimité de la compagnie moderne. Dans cet exposé, j'ai l'intention d'explorer cette perspective et d'en justifier la valeur en vue de mieux comprendre et de répondre à la crise que subit actuellement le réseau universitaire contemporain. Il ne s'agit pas ici de persuader le lecteur que les universités devraient être considérées comme des compagnies du secteur privé. Bien au contraire, l'étude approfondie que j'en fais devrait permettre d'établir non seulement des ressemblances importantes, mais aussi des différences significatives. Tout comme les ressemblances, les différences sont essentielles pour comprendre ce que la notion de responsabilité exige de l'Université de nos jours.

Receipt for tuition in the French language at the Academy for Cadet Brooks.

Account of David Porter with Alden Partridge for expenses related to his son's attendance at the Academy.

Account of Charles Thorndike with Alden Partridge for expenses related to his son's attendance at the Academy.

Account of Thatcher Goddard with Alden Partridge for expenses related to his son's attendance at the Academy.

Account of Mills Olcott with Alden Partridge for expenses related to his son's attendance at the Academy.

Receipt from Alden Partridge to John Bell for expenses related to his son's attendance at the Academy.