Suchergebnisse

Pada hakekatnya kelangsungan pembangunan Indonesia bergantung pada pengelolaan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN). Pengelolaan keuangan negara yang ideal bertumpu pada prinsip good governance (yang dewasa ini telah menjadi pola dinamik penyelenggaraan negara di seantero dunia menuju kemantapan demokrasi) yang selaras dengan prinsip good financial governance. Implementasi prinsip good financial governance dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan pengelolaan keuangan negara akan mampu menciptakan clean governance. Sebagai implementasi dari asas legalitas dan asas kepastian hukum, maka pengenaan sanksi dalam penyimpangan pengelolaan keuangan negara harus berdasarkan pada ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dengan mengedepankan penghormatan terhadap hak-hak asasi manusia. Selain itu sanksi tersebut diberikan oleh lembaga yang berwenang setelah melalui beberapa prosedur pemeriksaan dan pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh Badan Pemeriksaan Keuangan dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat yang memegang fungsi budgeting dan fungsi pengawasan keuangan negara sebagaimana tertuang dalam Undang-Undang No. 15 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemeriksaan Pengelolaan dan Tanggung Jawab Keuangan Negara dan Undang-Undang No. 15 Tahun 2006 tentang Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan.Essentially, Indonesia's development depends on how the management of the state budget Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara. The ideal management of state budget should be based on good governance principal (this principle has become a dynamic pattern of the state enforcement, towards the democracy evolvement around the world today) which is consistent with the good financial governance principle. The implementation of good financial governance into regulations related to state financial management will be able to produce a clean governance. As the implementation of the legality and legal certainty principle, the imposition of sanctions related to state financial management irregularities must be based on the provisions of laws and regulations which is featuring respect for human rights. Besides, the sanction should be granted by the competent authorities after following some certain procedures and monitoring inspection conducted by the Badan Pemeriksaan Keuangan and Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat who hold the supervisory function of state budgeting and finance monitoring as stated in the Law No. 15/2004 about Audit, Management and Financial Responsibility of State and also Law No. 15/2006 about State Audit Board.

Whether as a solution to problems of political legitimacy or social mistrust, as a way of involving civil society, or as a method of crafting more effective "third way" policies, collaborative governance has been a topic of renewed interest for political scientists and policy intellectuals. Carmen Sirianni'sInvesting in Democracy: Engaging Citizens in Collaborative Governance(Brookings, 2009) is an important new book that raises many of these issues.Perspectives on Politicsis a forum for raising questions of interest to a broad range of political scientists. In this symposium, we have asked a number of prominent political scientists and policy analysts to assess the book and to address two broader questions: in what ways does the book draw from and add to political science scholarship, and in what ways does political science scholarship help to shed light on the book's core themes?

Die Autoren ziehen Parallelen zwischen der Klimapolitik und anderen Politiken hinsichtlich weltweiter Entwicklungen. Den Unterschied zu anderen Politiken sehen sie einerseits darin, dass die Klimapolitik Teil des noch sehr jungen Politikfelds Umweltpolitik ist, in dem bereits neue Governance-Instrumente angewandt werden, die mit der Interdependenz verschiedener Policies arbeiten und in ihrer Ausgestaltung noch immer flexibel sind. Andererseits hat sich die Klimapolitik mit ihrer internationalen Dimension und der Organisation in globalen Regimen bereits seit 20 Jahren etabliert. Auf Grund dieser Unterschiede vermuten die Autoren hinsichtlich der Frage, welche Auswirkungen globale Megatrends auf die Governance innerhalb des EU-Mehrebenensystems haben werden, dass die Klimapolitik eine Vorreiterrolle gegenüber anderen Policies spielen wird. Für eine zukünftige Governance gehen sie davon aus, dass erstens die Klammer zwischen lokaler, internationaler und EU-Ebene gestärkt werden und die lokale Ebene mehr Gewicht bekommen wird, und dass zweitens neue Governance- Instrumente wie Wettbewerb und Benchmarking bedeutender werden. Sie verdeutlichen diese Herausforderungen für die lokale Ebene in der Klimapolitik anhand von zwei Fallbeispielen: der "Grünen Hauptstadt Europas" und des "Konvents der BürgermeisterInnen für lokale nachhaltige Energie". (ICI2)

For more than a decade, the European governments have focused their energy policies on creating one European competitive electricity market. Several regulations are introduced into the European electricity industries for this purpose: the energy firms have to unbundle the electricity networks from electricity generation and retail, and the consumers should be able to choose their electricity retailer. This thesis analyses which new governance structures emerged in the Dutch and French electricity industries as a result of these regulations for four types of electricity transactions: the network connection, network access, balancing and switching transactions. The parties in these electricity industries did not adopt a market, but hybrid forms of governance that remained extensively regulated. The efficiency of these new governance structures cannot be explained with the attributes of the transactions, as is proposed by transaction cost economics. This thesis therefore introduces the concept of adaptation into transaction cost economics. Adaptation is the adjustment by economic actors from one governance structure to another, and is characterized by three attributes: the identity of the future contracting party, the laterality of the adaption, and the type of response in the adaptation process. These attributes explain the governance transformations and the new governance structures in the two industries. Regulation continues to play a pervasive role in the liberalized electricity industries. It influences the attributes of the transactions, the new governance structures and the adaptation process.