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Introduction to the economy of southern Kurdistan -- Labor market policy options of the Kurdistan regional government -- Establishment of national health service in the federal region of Kurdistan -- The education sector in the federal region of Kurdistan -- Establishment of science parks in the federal region of Kurdistan -- A model for industrial development of the federal region of Kurdistan -- Foreign direct investment flows to the federal region of Kurdistan -- Recent trends in development at the federal region of Kurdistan -- Realities of economic development in the federal region of Kurdistan

Explores the role of the precautionary principle within public health policy making in relation to the curtailment of activities or products for which the hazard potential is unclear. The origins & evolution of the concept of the precautionary principle within health care policy making is traced, & the nature of risk is discussed, noting ways it has been both misunderstood & misused. The role of expertise within risk debates is pointed out, along with problems involved in evidence-based policy making. It is maintained that three major issues within risk debates are: (1) the level of certainty of the risk; (2) whether or not individuals have a choice about being subjected to the risk; & (3) the magnitude & acceptability of the risk. An attempt is made to develop a health policy-making framework that addresses these major issues & gives more consideration to the precautionary principle in order to enhance the logic of the hazard policy decision-making process. Potential problems requiring further research are discussed. 1 Figure, 56 References. J. Lindroth

The 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) created two one-time only legalization programs affecting nearly 3 million undocumented immigrants. Legalization has produced important changes among immigrants and in immigration policy. These changes include new patterns of immigrant social and economic adaptation to the United States and new immigrant flows through family ties to IRCA-legalized aliens. The heightened salience of immigration, produced in part by legalization, has also generated a wave of "backlash" policymaking at the state and local levels in high-immigration sites. This article combines data from a longitudinal survey of the IRCA-legalized population with qualitative field data on current immigration issues from key informants in eight high-immigration metropolitan areas. It reviews the political evolution and early implementation of legalization, the current socioeconomic position of legalized aliens, and changes in the immigration "policy space" resulting from legalization. Aldiough restrictive policies have again captured public attention, legalization has also sparked renewed efforts at immigration advocacy, particularly where immigrants who adjust to U.S. citizenship hold the potential for influencing local politics.

The need for integrated health care in the united states / Victoria Stanhope -- Integrated health care models and frameworks / W. Patrick Sullivan -- Population health / Heather Klusaritz, Julie A. Cederbaum, and Max Krauss -- The evolution of health care policy / Jennifer Manuel and Stacey Barrenger -- The patient protection and affordable care act of 2010 / Victoria Stanhope and Meredith Doherty -- Chapter 6.health care financing / Peter C. Campanelli, Andrew F. Cleek, and Mary M. McKay -- Workforce development / Anthony Salerno, Jeff Capobianco, and Larry Fricks -- Working in integrated health care settings / Neil Calman, Virna Little, and Elizabeth Matthews -- Screening and brief interventions / Evan Senreich and Shulamith Lala A. Straussner -- Person-centered care / Victoria Stanhope and Mimi Choy-Brown -- Evidence-based social work practice in integrated health care / Shelly A. Wiechelt and Shulamith Lala A. Straussner -- Transitional care / Helle Thorning -- Integrated health care for children and adolescents / Diane M. Mirabito, Aminda Heckman Chomanczuk, and Judith Siegel -- Integrated health care roles for social workers / Lynn Videka, Brenda Ohta, Anna M. Blackburn, Virgen Luce, and Peggy Morton -- Interprofessional practice / Janna Heyman -- Health information technology / Elizabeth Matthews, Benjamin Clemens, and Jordana Rutigliano -- Evaluating integrated health care / Benjamin F. Henwood, Elizabeth Siantz, and Todd Gilmer -- Index

The social sciences have often used leadership as a concept to describe the role of agency in change. Nonetheless, what leadership is and does may not always be clear, especially in the loose networks of local governance. On taking a policy analysis perspective, policy leadership in cities can be seen as coordinated action to achieve a shared goal taken by more than one leader, each endowed with different resources that may suddenly become strategic during the policy process. This paper thus proposes a theoretical reflection on policy leadership and uses a case study in urban planning to unpack power relationships involved in policy change at the municipal level. The contribution of the paper is twofold. First, it clarifies the concept of leadership in different social sciences and proposes an original application to the analysis of the policy process in local governments based on a typology of styles of policy leadership and a classification of strategic resources. Second, it argues for the existence of a policy leadership in the process of urban planning in Turin (1993-2011) as a key component of the complexity of urban governance, by focusing on the situated and strategic nature of exchange relationships. Adapted from the source document.

The objective of the work is to review the implications of the implementation of state guardianship policy in the Primorsky territory of the Russian Federation. The institution of the family is the most important factor for the development of the child's personality; its role is constantly growing in the development and education of children. Without a doubt, the family is a natural educational environment for a child who leaves his mark on his behavior and character. A special place in the modern legal system is occupied by the aspect of the right of the child and the protection of the interest that is left without the care of the parents. Methodologically, use was made of the documentary research technique close to legal hermeneutics. It is concluded that the guardianship and guardianship bodies perform a series of important functions for any civilized state, namely: identification of people who need to establish one of the forms of guardianship (adoption); adoption of such persons, as well as increased supervision of the guardian, the activities of the adoptive parents and of persons authorized by the state to care for those who need their help.

Evidence that investing in agriculture in developing countries as a way of tackling poverty and hunger is growing. Given the sheer number of people working in the agricultural sector, investments can have benefits on a large-scale but there are also risks and big investments can, in some cases, harm the rural sector, taking land and resources away from local people. Substantial increases in agricultural investments in developing countries are needed to combat poverty and realize food security and nutrition goals. There is evidence that agricultural investments can generate a wide range of developmental benefits, but these benefits cannot be expected to arise automatically and some forms of large-scale investment carry risks for host countries. Although there has been much debate about the potential benefits and risks of international investment, there is no systematic evidence on the actual impacts on the host country and their determinants. The research aims to provide better knowledge on the trends and impacts of foreign direct investment on host communities and countries, , to identify good practices and to develop guidance for host governments and law and policy to better inform both host countries and investors and INVESTOR MOTIVATIONS

Objectives.This article develops and tests a concise multi‐stage approach for assessing the impact of social construction on the implementation of public programs designed to benefit negatively constructed groups. The framework suggests that negative constructions lead to policy choices that create problems in the implementation process. These problems prevent the accomplishment of key subobjectives necessary for ultimate program success.Methods.We test the utility of the framework in an analysis of a key public health issue—the spread of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis in prisons. Despite great strides in the treatment and prevention of these diseases outside prison walls, the incidence and severity of both in the incarcerated population has increased dramatically over the last five years. We hypothesize that the problem of inadequate funding, arising from the negative social construction of this unique target population, is to blame.Results.In an analysis of 50 state correctional systems, we find that states with the most negative constructions of criminals and potential criminals spend dramatically less on inmate health, relative to other states.Conclusions.Our analysis suggests that inadequate funding levels in states with negative constructions of criminals and potential criminals jeopardizes the implementation of prison programs targeted at the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis.

Defence date: 4 December 2017 ; Examining Board: Prof Federico Romero, European University Institute; Prof Laura Lee Downs, European University Institute; Prof Eric Bussière, Université Paris-Sorbonne; Prof Lorenzo Mechi, Università degli Studi di Padova ; 'Social Europe' is an elusive concept. Although largely forgotten today, it was a vibrant idea and project in the 1970s. Promulgated mostly by West European socialdemocratic forces, it was basically a European governance reform project. Its fundamental objective was to transform the nature of European cooperation and integration, by using the European Community as a vehicle to realise democratic socialism in Europe. 'Social Europe' took shape around the ideas of wealth redistribution, social and economic planning, economic democratisation, improved working and living conditions, regulation and control of economic forces, guarantee of the right to work, upward harmonisation of European social regimes, and access to social protection for all. It also included environmental concerns, democratisation of the European Community's institutions, and claims to rebalance the international system to favour the development of the rising 'South'. It made ambitious proposals to empower the Community in the social field and to increase social and economic coordination between its member states. It was, in short, a proposal for a radically different future than the one we actually inhabit today. This work investigates the rise and demise of 'social Europe' in the 'long 1970s'. It highlights the socialist efforts to build a common European project, explores the concrete proposals it contained, traces its evolution and assesses the strategies and alliances envisaged between the different forces of the Left for its realisation. It sheds light on the reasons for the defeat of 'Social Europe', which had long-lasting, and arguably dramatic repercussions for the nature of European integration and European societies, for the relations of Western Europe with the rest of the world, for the history of capitalism and its shift to the 'neoliberal' paradigm, and for the 'European Left' itself.

This chapter examines whether funds can help countries pursue good macroeconomic, and especially fiscal policies, and consequent design issues. Nonrenewable resource funds (NRF) have been suggested as a way of dealing with the effects of price variability, making it easier to put revenues aside when prices are high so that they can be made available to maintain expenditures when prices are low. Funds may also serve as mechanisms to allow part of the nonrenewable resource wealth to be shared by future generations. A detailed evaluation of country experience suggests that NRFs have been associated with a variety of operating rules and fiscal policy experience. In several cases, rules have been bypassed or changed and they do not themselves seem to have effectively constrained spending, and the integration of the fund's operations with overall fiscal policy has often proven problematic. Whether the political economy arguments for an NRF outweigh the potential disadvantages will need to be considered based on the situation in each country