Suchergebnisse

Includes bibliographical references. ; Sponsored by the ASAIHL ; published_or_final_version ; Keynote address Wang, Gungwu Wang, Gungwu 2 ; Country reports ; A Health hazards of environmental pollution ; B Monitoring and instrumentation of environmental pollution ; C Legal controls of environmental pollution ; D Treatment and prevention of environmental pollution ; Australian approaches to finger printing sources of environmental lead with isotopes Gulson, B.L. Gulson, B.L. 13 ; The contribution of health care departments in tertiary institutions in Hong Kong to combating the hazards of pollution King, A.R. King, A.R. 19 ; The role of institutions of higher learning in combating health hazards of environmental pollution Rampal, K.G. Rampal, K.G. Ismail, N. Ismail, N. 26 ; Education programmes for training of agrichemical users in New Zealand Penman, D.R. Penman, D.R. 31 ; The role of Philippine ASAIHL institutions in combating the hazards of environmental pollution in Manila Quirino, T.U. Quirino, T.U. 35 ; Characteristics of acid rain in mainland China Hong, Y.T. Hong, Y.T. 42 ; Improving the total environmental of Singapore Tan, T.C. Tan, T.C. 46 ; The role of Thai universities in combating health hazards of environmental pollution Wangsuphachart, V.L. Wangsuphachart, V.L. 54 ; Introductino 63 ; Impact of industry on the health of surrounding communities: an analysis of epidemiological and public health challenges Bhopal, R.S. Bhopal, R.S. 65 ; Epidemiology and environmental health: reliable risk measurement in well-populations Lam, T.H. Lam, T.H. Hedley, A.J. Hedley, A.J. Peters, J. Peters, J. 74 ; An investigation into the presence of anaerobic bacteria in coastal waters of Hong Kong Boost, M.V. Boost, M.V. Wong, L.P. Wong, L.P. Wong, P.S. Wong, P.S. Ma, K.C. Ma, K.C. 82 ; Pollutions within the built environment Burnett, J. Burnett, J. Chan, D.W.T. Chan, D.W.T. 87 ; The effects of pesticides use on the health of on farmers in East Java, Indonesia Mukono, J. Mukono, J. 94 ; Noise and human activities in Hong Kong: a review Tan, T.C. Tan, T.C. Wong, L.T.L. Wong, L.T.L. 98 ; Analysis of organophosphorus insecticides in vegetables Tanner, P.A. Tanner, P.A. Leung, K.H. Leung, K.H. 105 ; Health risk and environmental pollution: the hidden factors Peters, J. Peters, J. Lui, J. Lui, J. Wong, C.M. Wong, C.M. Hedley, A.J. Hedley, A.J. Lam, T.H. Lam, T.H. Ong, S.G. Ong, S.G. Tam, A.Y.C. Tam, A.Y.C. 109 ; Risk assessment and management in the prevention of adverse effects on human health and the environment Spickett, J.T. Spickett, J.T. 117 ; Indoor and outdoor pollution in shops and offices in Hong Kong and health effects Bacon-Shone, J. Bacon-Shone, J. Liao, S. Liao, S. 122 ; Climatological assessment of potential heat stress in Hong Kong Kyle, W.J. Kyle, W.J. 126 ; Asbestos dust: a silent enemy Lam, K.Y. Lam, K.Y. 131 ; Integrating environmental health problems into urban planning: problems in the Asian-Pacific region and the challenges for universities Simpson, R.W. Simpson, R.W. 134 ; Organic solvent exposure in some manufacturing industries in Malaysia Tan, G.L.E. Tan, G.L.E. 138 ; Introduction 145 ; Monitoring and instrumentation of environmental pollution Tebbutt, T.H.Y. Tebbutt, T.H.Y. 145 ; The air quality monitoring programme of the Hong Kong environmental protection department Leung, R.T.M. Leung, R.T.M. 152 ; Low technology sampling can show spatial and temporal patterns of airborne metal pollution Lloyd, O.L. Lloyd, O.L. Fay, Gailey Fay, Gailey 159 ; Heavy metal contamination in coastal waters - a case study of the north coast of Central Java, Indonesia Supriharyono Supriharyono 165 ; Determination of phosphorus in natural water at parts per trillion level by laser thermal lens effect Wu, L. Wu, L. Siu, G.G. Siu, G.G. Chiu, D.D.S. Chiu, D.D.S. Stokes, M.J. Stokes, M.J. 171 ; A geographical approach to evaluating the human impact upon water quality Peart, M.R. Peart, M.R. 178 ; Modular auto-enrichment subsystem for use in environmental high pressure liquid chromatography analysis Chen, S.C. Chen, S.C. Chang, J.Y. Chang, J.Y. Wang, R.K. Wang, R.K. 183 ; Exposure to environmental pollutants in the work environment: a case study of a traffic toll booth in Malaysia Yaziz, M.I. Yaziz, M.I. 187 ; A proposed air quality index in Hong Kong Ng, C.N. Ng, C.N. Tanner, P.A. Tanner, P.A. 191 ; Background level of trace elements in soils of mainland China Chen, J.S. Chen, J.S. Tao, S. Tao, S. Deng, B.S. Deng, B.S. Wang, X.J. Wang, X.J. 196 ; Indoor monitoring of nitrogen oxides Cheung, M.T. Cheung, M.T. 200 ; Development of a piezoelectric crystal sorption detector for continuous monitoring of organic vapours at the workplace Fung, Y.S. Fung, Y.S. 205 ; Effects of some standard fixatives on fish gill morphology Shepherd, M. Shepherd, M. Ivanstoff, W. Ivanstoff, W. 210 ; Simulation of urban traffic noise on the environment Pamanikabud, P. Pamanikabud, P. 215 ; Investigation into the haze episodes in the Kelang Valley, Malaysia Samah, A.A. Samah, A.A. 221 ; Photoacoustic determination of organic pollutant gases in Hong Kong air Shi, B. Shi, B. Siu, G.G. Siu, G.G. Chiu, D.D.S. Chiu, D.D.S. 228 ; Application of the proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique for the study of respirable suspended particulated (RSP) in Hong Kong Cai, Z.X. Cai, Z.X. Sze, P.Y.K. Sze, P.Y.K. Stokes, M.J. Stokes, M.J. Young, E.C.M. Young, E.C.M. 234 ; Follow-up stream sediment geochemical reconnaissance surveys in the vicinity of Tai Mo Shan, New Territories, Hong Kong Yim, W.W.S. Yim, W.W.S. Ng, C.Y. Ng, C.Y. Thornton, I. Thornton, I. 240 ; Introduction 249 ; Environmental pollution, higher education, and the rule of law Axline, M. Axline, M. 251 ; Legal controls of environmental pollution in Asia: how effective are they? Allen, J. Allen, J. 256 ; Hong Kong's water pollution controls: are we serious? Baillie, B.G. Baillie, B.G. 265 ; Environmental law in Hong Kong - a legal practitioner's point of view Skrine, R. Skrine, R. 277 ; Has the use of unleaded petrol provided a lead-free environment in Hong Kong? Au, C.T. Au, C.T. Chou, K.M. Chou, K.M. Wong, K.Y. Wong, K.Y. 282 ; The influence of the health act on present environmental problems Prabawa Utama, S.H. Prabawa Utama, S.H. 288 ; Environmental impact assessment and the role of legislation in environmental control - the case of Malaysia Idris, A.B. Idris, A.B. Fuad, A. Fuad, A. 294 ; Social responsbility awareness assessment of selected university respondents in combating environmental pollution Barcelona, A.C. Barcelona, A.C. 301 ; Alternatives to legal controls on environmental pollution Kaine, G. Kaine, G. Reeve, I. Reeve, I. Musgrave, W. Musgrave, W. 306 ; Introduction 315 ; Towards low-waste technology Diaper, J. Diaper, J. 317 ; Changing environmental values and institution building: the role of ASAIHL Hills, P. Hills, P. 325 ; Prevention and treatment of environmental pollution Mena, M.M. Mena, M.M. 332 ; The nature and control of motor vehicle emissions - methanol as an alternative fuel Cheung, C.S. Cheung, C.S. Lui, Y.B. Lui, Y.B. Leung, T.P. Leung, T.P. 335 ; Treatment and disposal of heavy metal wastes using cementitious solidification Peralta, G.L. Peralta, G.L. Ballesteros, F.C. Ballesteros, F.C. Cepeda, M.L. Cepeda, M.L. 340 ; A membrane anaerobic system for wastewater treatment Fakrul-Razi, A. Fakrul-Razi, A. 346 ; Prevention and treatment of air pollution in Hong Kong Lam, J.C. Lam, J.C. 351 ; Environmental education - a strategy for the treatment and prevention of environmental pollution Manalo, J.A. Manalo, J.A. Sergovia, V. Sergovia, V. Hocson, T.R. Hocson, T.R. 357 ; Bacterial reduction during sewage treatment - the Hong Kong experience Hodgkiss, I.J. Hodgkiss, I.J. Chiu, S.H.C. Chiu, S.H.C. 360 ; Treatment and prevention of environmental pollution in the Philippines De Jesus, E.M. De Jesus, E.M. 366 ; Microbiological study of shellfish and water quality in Deep Bay, Hong Kong Kueh, C.S.W. Kueh, C.S.W. 369 ; Environmental deterioration in greater Bangkok, Thailand Paraken, Y. Paraken, Y. 376 ; The 'polluter pays' principle: the distribution of economic impacts Rahim, K.A. Rahim, K.A. 378

This book is a history of the partnership between Indonesia and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). When Indonesia became a founding member of the bank in 1966, the country faced daunting challenges. In the five decades that passed, both Indonesia and ADB have evolved in remarkable ways. Indonesia developed rapidly through the late 1990s yet faced a difficult time of adjustment after the Asian financial crisis of 1997–1998. The country has since resumed growth in the last decade. For its part, ADB has widened its activities in Indonesia, transforming from a project-oriented bank into a broad-based development institution. This effective partnership reflects Indonesia's success in working with the international community in the past 50 years.

This book examines Mongolia's recent economic development and outlines reforms that would help the country take advantage of its many opportunities. Mongolia is rich in natural resources and, although landlocked, is well-placed to boost trade with its two giant neighbors. The country needs to diversify its economy beyond mining, enhance economic stability, and increase employment. To maximize Mongolia's potential the government can improve macroeconomic management, enhance the skill base, and provide hard and soft infrastructure to promote trade and efficient logistics. Governance and institutional reforms are also crucial. The government will need to continue to drive reforms so that they are well implemented and deliver the intended change.

At the Asian Development Bank (ADB), innovation means change that adds value for clients. This publication shines the spotlight on outstanding innovators and showcases dozens of projects underway across the Asia and Pacific region where ADB is using innovative ways to meet its mission to help developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people.

Over the last couple of years, BRI has led and partnered in a wide range of innovative and influential research projects. Opened in February 2020, BRI has built a new research winery facility alongside key industry and research partners at the NMIT/MRC campus in Blenheim. The new research winery provides facilities to enable research winemaking at a scale and degree of experimental control not possible before in New Zealand. The research institute is owned by the industry and provides a strong link between the industry and research by ensuring the research is aligned with the industry's needs.

Azerbaijan has set the course for the economy to reduce its dependence on oil by promoting new drivers of growth. By 2025, under the government's Strategic Roads Maps, a more diversified economy should take shape led by three sectors: agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing. Bold reforms need to strengthen areas of the economy that could otherwise impede this transition, and policy makers must resolutely stay on the reform path. The core message of this publication is diversification toward non-oil sources of growth alongside efforts to reduce macroeconomic risks and the high cost of finance, make the education system responsive to the needs of the labor market, close infrastructure gaps, and help economically significant state-owned enterprises become more efficient.

In fiscal year (FY) 2019 ERIA expanded the scope of its activities to help chart the future direction of ASEAN and East Asia. A review of ERIA's deliverables for FY2019 reveals that ERIA widely expanded its field of activities to help clear the path for the economic integration and development of East Asia. One such deliverable is the 'ASEAN Vision 2040' project. Based on its cooperation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Thailand, ERIA provided a four-volume set of publications on the prospects of ASEAN and East Asia in 2040 from political-security, economic, and socio-cultural perspectives. In it ERIA proposed a message of collective leadership of the East Asia region, which means ASEAN centrality, for it to become the institutional hub for regional integration and economic and social development. The 34th ASEAN summit statement commended ASEAN Vision 2040 and provided recommendations on how to most effectively prepare ASEAN for the future, and in particular for the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

This paper analyses the economic impact of globalisation in Indonesia from the end of the 1960s to date. The analysis found that globalisation generated a positive impact on Indonesia's economic growth through the trade and investment channel; reduced wage inequality and child labour participation; and increased labour absorption, including women's participation in the labour market. Through the trade channel, globalisation also contributed to Indonesia's productivity and structural economic transformation, benefited small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), contributed to poverty alleviation and reduced inequality, and increased trade in services such as tourism. Through the investment channel, there is evidence of the spillover effect of technology transfer, technology progress, improvement of the role of SMEs, and contribution to poverty alleviation. The waves of open and more restrictive trade and investment policies, which Indonesia has gone through in the last few decades, reflect the political economy reality – that is, the impact of globalisation is dynamic and only felt in the medium term, whereas the cost and potential negative impact is often felt more immediately throughout trade creation. The trade creation increases imports from countries with which free trade agreements have been negotiated, thus decreasing the domestic producer surplus. Since globalisation will create net benefits in the long run, Indonesia should continue its process of globalisation and integration with the world economy to ensure the net benefits and to move forward in its structural transformation, while managing the costs of globalisation and its transition process.

While the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is yet to subside, governments in major countries have put in place the largest-ever economic stimulus packages to overcome the pandemic. As of August, the U.S. is preparing an estimated US$2.3 trillion stimulus package that will amount to 13.2% of its GDP. EU leaders agreed to create €750 billion economic recovery funds (4.3% of GDP). China and Korea have established stimulus plans for 4.5% (RMB 4.6 trillion) and 14% (KRW 270 trillion) each of their respective GDP. These expansionary fiscal policies respond to a sharp drop in demand and aim to safeguard domestic industries and jobs, as well as to foster each country's new growth engine.

The proposed Asian Development Bank (ADB) country partnership strategy (CPS) for Indonesia, 2020–2024 aims to support inclusive, competitive, and sustainable development. It is geared toward helping Indonesia emerge stronger from the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on three strategic pathways: (i) improving well-being—by strengthening the health care system, expanding social protection, advancing educational quality in an equitable manner, and developing workforce skills; (ii) accelerating economic recovery—by supporting economic policy and structural reforms, domestic resource mobilization, financial market deepening and inclusion, and the development of high-quality infrastructure; and (iii) strengthening resilience—by supporting climate change mitigation and adaptation measures, environmental sustainability and green recovery, disaster risk management and finance, and water and food security. Support to the COVID-19 recovery is an overarching theme, under which ADB will incorporate the following crosscutting priorities in its operations: (i) private investment and innovative financing; (ii) gender equality and socially inclusive approaches; (iii) enhanced governance and institutional capacity; (iv) digitalization and technological transformation; (v) local and regional economic development; (vi) regional cooperation and integration; and (vii) achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The CPS is fully aligned with Indonesia's National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN), 2020–2024; ADB's Strategy 2030; and the SDGs.

ADB strategic objectives and priorities. The strategic objectives of the country partnership strategy (CPS), 2019–2023 of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) are to foster economic diversification and reduce spatial and social disparities. The CPS will focus on three strategic priorities: (i) dynamic economic reforms to foster a resilient and diversified economy, (ii) improved connectivity to provide access to information and markets, and (iii) greater inclusiveness through more equitable socioeconomic development. Paras. 30–43 elaborate the areas of assistance related to these priorities.

This paper attempts to explore some of these issues in the context of national, regional and global geo-political shifts that are influencing Sri Lanka's economic and political ties with China. Section 2 provides a background to Sri Lanka's historic economic and geo-strategic relations with China; Section 3 sets out the main elements of the BRI and Sri Lanka's key related engagements with it; Section 4 addresses the contentious issue of China's role in Sri Lanka's growing foreign debt overhang; Section 5 looks at more recent developments of broader economic engagements via the BRI, and; Section 6 concludes with some policy recommendations.

ADB's strategic objective and priorities. The CPS has four strategic pillars: (i) accelerate competitiveness and economic diversification; (ii) strengthen human capital and lifelong learning; (iii) foster green, sustainable, and inclusive development; and (iv) improve governance. The CPS will deliver on these priorities by (i) offering policy advice; (ii) supporting reforms; (iii) strengthening institutions, including for social and environment safeguards; (iv) sourcing public and private sector finance and expertise, and (v) promoting gender equality. ADB will continue to pioneer the use of technology, including digital solutions, throughout its operations. In terms of priorities, the CPS redirects ADB-led investments toward energy infrastructure, while continuing to focus on agriculture and natural resources, human capital, and urban development. This focus corresponds to four of the seven operational priorities (OPs) of ADB's Strategy 2030.4 To support the government's vision of integrating into the global digital economy and benefiting from the fourth industrial revolution, the CPS mainstreams use of information technology including for better targeting of government programs toward underserved people. The CPS also includes a multi-media communication strategy to share ADB's deep operational experience and country knowledge.

ADB strategic objectives and priorities. The country partnership strategy (CPS) will foster diversified growth and wider inclusiveness with sovereign and nonsovereign financing for (i) priority infrastructure investments in transport, energy, and urban development; (ii) knowledge and policy-based assistance and investments for service delivery reforms in education, health, and financial services; and (iii) support for regional cooperation and integration (RCI). The Asian Development Bank (ADB) will continue ongoing projects in roads, energy, and urban transport, and prepare new infrastructure investments with effective implementation arrangements that encourage private sector participation and improve gender dimensions in service delivery. Finances will be mobilized and activities implemented to reduce risks from geophysical and weather hazards and raise climate resilience. To further RCI, ADB will undertake knowledge work and policy dialogue to help Armenia create a regional economic corridor. Analysis of trade and export competitiveness will inform ongoing efforts by Armenia to leverage its access to the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), the European Union, and other markets.

Georgia is geographically located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. Its overall development strategy—Freedom, Rapid Development, Prosperity: Government Platform 2016–20201 (hereafter, "Government Program 2016–2020")—recognizes this unique spatial advantage and calls for the country's closer market integration with the rest of the world, including the European Union (EU). However, Georgia has not yet fully tapped this geographical advantage for international economic integration. It needs to raise its productivity, including through further exposure to international economic integration and by relieving supply-side constraints such as its infrastructure and skills deficits. The country continues to have a sizable population below the poverty line and a high unemployment rate of 12.7%. The ultimate goal of the proposed country partnership strategy (CPS) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for 2019–2023 is to expand trade, create more jobs, and combat poverty through development of economic corridors in Georgia. Among the operational priorities under ADB's Strategy 2030,2 the CPS adopts regional cooperation and integration (RCI)—along with balanced economic development, making urban areas more livable, reducing poverty and inequality, and strengthening governance and institutional capacity—as its primary strategic objective to help Georgia make the most of its value propositions, including geographic location and free trade agreements (FTAs) with 32 of its trading partners. ADB operations under CPS 2019–2023 will be fully aligned with Strategy 2030 priorities. All other operational priorities of Strategy 2030 will be addressed as crosscutting themes. Another prominent feature of the Government Program 2016–2020 is its emphasis on market-driven growth. Taking advantage of this enabling business environment, private sector operations are incorporated in the country strategy under the One ADB approach, which leverages all competencies of ADB to meet Georgia's evolving development needs.