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The paper has two parts: in the first one, economic aspect of regionalization is considered, in the second a financial one. Regionalization, like every type of decentralization, represents a serious reform of a state and brings upon several expected as well as unexpected although significant effects on political, social, and economic life. Its goal is an improvement of political, social, and economic functions of a state, not their deterioration. Unfortunately, experience of other countries does not support overwhelming optimism. Most frequently, regionalization is done due to political considerations; economic considerations are of secondary importance or even neglected. Such a dominance of political reasoning neglects fundamental principles and arguments of the economic science, standards of rational approach to decentralization, and even economic efficiency and equality between citizens. Because of that, the emphasis in this paper is on economic and financial aspects of regionalization in Serbia. In the first part the author explores economic aspects of regionalization; four state functions (regulation, stabilization, redistribution, and allocation) in decentralized setting; relations between regionalization, deregulation, and privatization; vertical distribution of functions (exclusive functions by the state, exclusive functions by regions, shared functions). After that he explores advantages of the selected model of creating regions and distribution of authorities in Serbia, particularly economic authorities of regions (1. land planning, urban land use, housing; 2. development and maintenance of infrastructure of regional importance and coordination of public utilities in municipalities; 3. agriculture; 4. tourism; 5. forestry 6. hunting and fishing; 7. vocational training and employment; 8. ecology; 9. public works). Separate section is devoted to social protection (financial transfers and institutions). In the second part of the paper (Financing the Regions) the author first examines certain issues in principle (fiscal revenues, vertical and horizontal balance, debts and moral hazard) and then considers topics of financing regions in Serbia, such as revenues subsidies, and debts.

An ancient Etruscan settlement located in the Valdichiana, along the border between Tuscany and Umbria, Cortona has attracted renewed interest over the last two decades among historians of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Falling into this line of research is the publication of the communal statute from 1325, when the government handed the reins of power to the seigneurial regime revolving around Ranieri Casali. In the same year, Cortona became an episcopal seat and thus also gained the status of a city proper. Through a careful analysis of this extraordinarily rich source, the article outlines the salient aspects of the city's economy and society, with a focus on its environmental resources and urban activities, the distribution of wealth and its poor relief, the condition of women, and the topography of social relations. The picture that emerges from this analysis is that of a lively and dynamic city, arguably at the peak of its development, at a time when many urban centres in Italy and across Europe were already experiencing a downturn after the economic expansion of the Middle Ages.

An ancient Etruscan settlement located in the Valdichiana, along the border between Tuscany and Umbria, Cortona has attracted renewed interest over the last two decades among historians of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Falling into this line of research is the publication of the communal statute from 1325, when the government handed the reins of power to the seigneurial regime revolving around Ranieri Casali. In the same year, Cortona became an episcopal seat and thus also gained the status of a city proper. Through a careful analysis of this extraordinarily rich source, the article outlines the salient aspects of the city's economy and society, with a focus on its environmental resources and urban activities, the distribution of wealth and its poor relief, the condition of women, and the topography of social relations. The picture that emerges from this analysis is that of a lively and dynamic city, arguably at the peak of its development, at a time when many urban centres in Italy and across Europe were already experiencing a downturn after the economic expansion of the Middle Ages.

Navigating retreat: Global views on climate relocation and social justice: Introduction / Idowu Jola Ajibade and A.R. Siders -- Part 1. Definitions and legal landscapes -- Rethinking process and reframing language for climate-induced relocation / Kristin Baja -- The role of international governance to reduce maladaptive climate relocation / Thea Dickinson and Ian Burton -- Charting a justice-based approach to planned climate relocation for the world's refugees / Laura E.R. Peters and Jamon Van Den Hoek -- Interlude 1: Origins of Limestone / Martha Lerski -- Part 2. Shifting lands, resistance and acceptance -- Breaking the borderscape: Migration, resettlement, and citizenship on the Anthropocene Brahmaputra / Kevin Inks -- Losing ground: Rethinking land loss in the context of managed retreat / Maggie Tsang and Isaac Stein -- Resistance, acceptance and misalignment of goals in climate-related resettlement in Malawi / Hebe Nicholson -- Land is Life: A poem of the Philippines Lumad / Nikki C.S. Dela Rosa -- Interlude 2: Flood experiences in the United States / Anthropocene Alliance -- Interlude 3: Rock that Fell to Earth: Storm Series / Martha Lerski -- Part 3. Navigating transitions -- Moving to higher ground: Planning for relocation as an adaptation strategy to climate change in the Fiji Islands / Beatrice Ruggieri -- Voices of Arraigo: Redefining relocation for landslide-affected communities in the informal settlements of Bogota, Colombia / Duvan H. López Meneses, Arabella Fraser, Sonia Hita Cañadas -- The climate crisis is a housing crisis: Without growth we cannot retreat / Deborah Helaine Morris -- Voices of Ghoramora Island, India: The case for planned relocation / Oana Stefancu -- The need for a resettlement pathway for Guyana's vulnerable coastal communities / Dina Khadija Benn -- Mobile livelihoods and adaptive social protection: Can migrant workers foster resilience to climate change? / Haorui Wu and Catherine Bryan -- Identity and power: How cultural values inform decision-making in climate-based relocation / Rachel Isacoff -- Interlude 4: Tool Sharpening / Martha Lerski -- Interlude 5: Untitled, 2013: Storm Series / Martha Lerski -- Part 4. Finding hope -- Voices of Enseada da Baleia: Emotions and feelings in a preventive and self-managed relocation / Giovanna Gini, Erika Pires Ramos, Comunidade Enseada da Baleia -- Hope, community, and creating a future in the face of disaster / Claire-Louise Vermande -- Interlude 6: Gratitude / Martha Lerski -- Part 5. Future directions -- Retreating from the waves / Orrin H. Pilkey, Sarah Lipuma, Norma Longo -- Climate-induced relocation as a third wave of response to climate change / Patrick Marchman -- Waves of grief and anger: Communicating through the "End of the World" as we knew it / Susanne C. Moser -- Interlude 7: Dialogue of the Shattered / Martha Lersk

Multifactorial perspectives, whether sociological, cultural, anthropological, historical, biological or psychological, serve as the basis for a considerable amount of research, including how youth and adolescents are influenced by the sociocultural aspects that guide the way they are seen and see the society around them. For researchers and scholars who focus on this subject, it is worth asking: what characterizes adolescence as a social construction in different regions of the planet? The Social Construction of Adolescence in Contemporaneity considers the social field of adolescence in different societies. Recognizing external cultural or societal factors that can influence individual development, contributors discuss a variety of regional traits that can characterize this group, reflecting on the concept of adolescence as a phenomenon of its own in the field of sociology. Expanding this area of youth studies across specific contexts, The Social Construction of Adolescence in Contemporaneity offers new interpretive possibilities to deepen the understanding of issues that concern young people.

Intro -- Contents -- 1 The Social Construction of AIDS Issue and Its Significance -- 1.1 Why AIDS Becomes an "Issue"? -- 1.1.1 Conflicting Conceptions on AIDS and Its Social and Cultural Significance -- 1.1.2 The Game Behind the "Highest Political Positioning" -- 1.1.3 "AIDS Issue": A Symbol of Social Restructuring in China -- 1.1.4 Prospects for Solving the Problem: Promoting the Process of Social Restructuring in China -- 1.2 Fear of AIDS: The Ultimate Weapon Against the Sexual Morality -- 1.2.1 Illnesses Are Always Reduced to Political Tools -- 1.2.2 Panic is Bound to Aggravate the Spread -- 1.2.3 Argument Against Our Present Understandings of AIDS Patients -- 1.2.4 The Proper Understanding -- 1.2.5 The Social Significance of the Fight Against AIDS: A Responsibility for the Lives of Citizens -- 1.3 The Values of AIDS Prevention and Control in China -- 1.3.1 Political Values: From "Defense" to "Taking Responsibility" and then to "Rights Protection" -- 1.3.2 Social Concepts: From "Departmental Cooperation" to "Social Mobilization" and then to "Community as the Main Body" -- 1.3.3 Cultural Concepts: From "High-Risk Groups" to "De-stigamatization" and then to "Individual Rights Assertion" -- 1.3.4 Life Notions: From "Keep Your Integrity" to "Participate in the Society" and then to "Take Civic Responsibility" -- 1.3.5 Core Concepts: From "National Salvation" to "Health" and then to "Happiness" -- 2 The Cause of AIDS Prevention and Control-A Romance of the Three Kingdoms -- 2.1 Bi-Directional Conflict of Action Logic: Tripartite Construction of AIDS Patients' Orientation Towards the Response -- 2.1.1 Why Do Infected People React Negatively? -- 2.1.2 Self-Positioning of Infected Persons and the Conflict of Their Action Logic -- 2.1.3 Different Action Logic Between Policy Makers and Infected People.

In der Arbeit geht es um den Zusammenhang der politischen Entwicklung und des Sprach- und Kulturkontakts. Sie orientiert sich an einer mikrohistorischen und alltagsgeschichtlichen Perspektive und hinterfragt nationale Zuschreibungen. Die These, dass Mehrsprachigkeit bis in kleinste Einheiten hinein ein grundsätzliches Alltagsphänomen war, wird mit der Rekonstruktion der sprachlichen Verhältnisse in Chełmno/Culm überprüft. In einem interdisziplinären Ansatz versucht die Arbeit in sprachlichen Phänomenen sozial- und politikgeschichtliche Bedeutung zu erkennen, die einen substantiellen Beitrag zur Bewertung der Teilungen Polens liefert. Erstmals werden der Übergang der Stadt unter die preußische Herrschaft unter Einbeziehung der russischen Besetzung während des Siebenjährigen Krieges und die sprachlichen Verhältnisse in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts untersucht. Hierfür werden insbesondere die Theorien und Erkenntnisse der Kulturtransferforschung und der Histoire croisée aufgegriffen. Diversität ist kein Charakteristikum einzelner Regionen oder einer transnationalen Ebene sondern eine grundsätzliche soziale Qualität. Der Arbeit liegt das Verständnis zu Grunde, dass "Sprache" die menschliche Fä­higkeit und Tätigkeit sprachlicher Kommunikation ist und "Sprache(n)" im Sinne von Einzelsprachen wie Polnisch, Deutsch und Latein Abstraktionen aus den konkreten Formen sprachli­cher Kommunikation sind. Ausgewertet werden die in den Quellentexten zu findenden unterschied­lichen sprachlichen Elemente. Die Arbeit gliedert sich in die Einleitung, die drei Kapitel "Chełmno/Culm 1750-1800", "Sprachliche Vielfalt" und "Zwischen Polen und Preußen" sowie ein Ergebniskapitel. Beigefügt ist ein Anhang mit umfangreichen sprachlichen Belegen sowie je eine Zusammenfassung in deutscher, englischer und polnischer Sprache. In der Arbeit wird festgestellt, dass der Herrschaftswechsel sowohl durch gravierende Veränderungen als auch deutliche Kontinuitäten gekennzeichnet ist. Die sprachliche Untersuchung führt zu der Erkenntnis, dass ...

Drawing on nationally representative telephone surveys conducted from 1995 to 2000, James Katz and Ronald Rice offer a rich and nuanced picture of Internet use in America. Using quantitative data, as well as case studies of Web sites, they explore the impact of the Internet on society from three perspectives: access to Internet technology (the digital divide), involvement with groups and communities through the Internet (social capital), and use of the Internet for social interaction and expression (identity). To provide a more comprehensive account of Internet use, the authors draw comparisons across media and include Internet nonusers and former users in their research.The authors call their research the Syntopia Project to convey the Internet's role as one among a host of communication technologies as well as the synergy between people's online activities and their real-world lives. Their major finding is that Americans use the Internet as an extension and enhancement of their daily routines. Contrary to media sensationalism, the Internet is neither a utopia, liberating people to form a global egalitarian community, nor a dystopia-producing armies of disembodied, lonely individuals. Like any form of communication, it is as helpful or harmful as those who use it.