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Ten years after the launch of its 2011 revolution, Tunisia has reached a catastrophic socio-economic situation that confirms that none of major goals of this revolution have been achieved. Here, from an anthropological analysis of major events happened during this decade I reveal and discuss mysteries of this revolution, and I show how and why it got to her final stage. I qualified it as "poisoned" because of clandestine interventions from some foreign countries that were able to steer it on a corrupt and dangerous path from the very beginning. In fact, although it was started by young people who have no political and ideological affiliation, many opportunist politicians rode its wave and given a false revolutionary label to their parties. One of these parties, "Ennahdha", in a clear relationship with some countries, very likely got secretly considerable funds. The use of these moneys, coupled with dissemination of religious misinformation, during the pre-elections period permitted this party to be the first to come to power. Since then, it began (1) to support secretly those who perform the corrupt instrumentalization of Islam leading to terrorism and obscurantism, (2) not to apply laws that conflict with its interests, and (3) to develop corruption through wide networks spread in most of the national institutions particularly in judicial and security sectors. This has ensured it permanent influence over the major joints of the State even if it does not have the highest representation in the Government. At the end of this despaired decade, a glimmer of hope appeared with the emergence of the wonderful leader "Abir Moussi" who called for Enlightenment Revolution. Her heroic struggle is the basic element leading to the end of the poisoned revolution 2011 and the resulting corrupt regime, which was mainly fabricated and dominated by Ennahdha, the last dangerous stronghold of the World Brotherhood Sect. I end this study by presenting recommendations aimed at eliminating the corrupt instrumentalization of Islam and preventing its return.

The 12th Kant Readings at Academia Kantiana, Institute for the Humanities of Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University focused on the ethical thought of Kant and other philosophers of the Enlightenment. The reports and discussions presented an analysis of Kant's ethical concepts, new studies of the history of ethical thought in the Enlightenment, reception of Kant's ethics and Enlightenment in the Russian and Western thinking. Special attention was paid to thematic sections on interdisciplinary issues of ethics and aesthetics, the philosophy of politics and the philosophy of education. One of the most debated topics was understanding the latest trends in sci-tech development from the point of view of ethical principles of the existence of human society. It was noted that, on the one hand, the current social and intellectual conditions form a different, compared with Kant's era, communication environment, and on the other, the concepts of the 18th century retain the value and heuristic potential for our time and are suitable for adaptation in the process of developing strategies for "New Enlightenment".

Sheds new light on European and regional book markets, the development of a public sphere and the impact of new media on intellectual, social, religious and political change. How do you become a citizen? Ever since printing was introduced, being a member of society increasingly involved reading and writing: for sociability and belonging, instruction and entertainment, profit and charity, spiritual awakening and political debate. Literary practices shaped and changed identities and the organisation of society during the Long Eighteenth Century. In Scandinavia, this happened locally, as well as transnationally - reading, writing and producing texts involved entanglements within and beyond the borders of the Northern European periphery of Norway, Denmark and Sweden. Focusing on 'literary citizenship', this volume uncovers the different ways in which engagements with print have mediated and established networks and communities, identities and agencies of multiple sorts in an interconnected media landscape. The result is a complex and intriguing history of the book in the Scandinavian region. This history is, on the one hand, influenced by a European market and tradition. On the other hand, it offers an important and different case of regional and local adaptation, marked by what has been termed a 'Northern Enlightenment'. This book will be of interest to scholars of European enlightenment studies and to those who are interested in the continuing debates surrounding print culture and history. This book is available in digital format as Open Access under the Creative Commons license CC-BY-NC. This book and the research upon which it is based was supported by funds from The Research Council of Norway and the National Library of Norway. CONTRIBUTORS: Jens Bjerring-Hansen, Jon Haarberg, Ruth Hemstad, Thor Inge Rørvik, Ellen Krefting, Karin Kukkonen, Ulrik Langen, Aina Nøding, Jonas Nordin, James Raven, Janicke S. Kaasa, Karen Skovgaard-Petersen, Frederik Stjernfelt, Iver Tangen Stensrud and Jonas Thorup Thomsen.

The female Anopheles mosquito is the vector for human malaria and bites man mostly from 5pm to 7am, with maximum intensity between 10pm and 4am. This provides the basis for the use of Long Lasting Insecticide Nets (LLIN). A study to assess the impact of enlightenment, advocacy and monitoring on LLIN use for children under five years was conducted in Olugbo. A total of two hundred (200) children under five years were recruited into the study. Ethical clearance was received from the Ogun State Ministry of Health. Pre-tested questionnaires were administered to the respondents and blood samples were collected for malaria test before and after provision(Pre and Post intervention) of LLIN. The blood samples were analyzed at the laboratory using the QBC Malaria Test and ParaLens system. The subjects were divided into two groups of study (group that received LLIN, enlightenment on the importance of LLIN and assisted with LLIN hanging) and Control (group that merely received the LLIN without enlightenment or assistance). The subjects in the study group were monitored between 1600hrs to 2000hrs thrice a week. The pre intervention study result shows that the prevalence of malaria infection was 70% and 56% amongst the study and Control group respectively. The post intervention blood samples screening reveals that the prevalence of infection in the study group was 13% with low parasite density. In the Control group, however, the prevalence of infection was 60% and 38.33% of those infected had high parasite density. There is a significant difference (P<0.05) in malaria parasitaemia between both groups post intervention. This study shows that distribution of LLINs alone is not sufficient to reduce malaria morbidity and recommends that enlightenment and assistance with hanging of LLINs should form an integral part of mass distribution of LLINs by government and donor agencies.

Born in Chieti in 1728, Ferdinando Galiani - economist, diplomat and philosopher - is a prolific author of the Enlightenment whose career took place between Italy and France. After receiving a humanistic and philosophical education in Naples, from 1735 to 1759, Galiani was appointed, by Minister Berardo Tanucci, secretary of the Neapolitan Embassy in Paris. During these years, from 1759 to 1769, he made contact with philosophers and encyclopedists, frequented the salons of the capital and became one of the most sought-after guests. When he finally returned to Naples, where he lived until his death in 1787, the "little abbot" remained in epistolary contact with the Parisian circles to be informed of the political and literary news. Since the nineteenth century, historiography has studied this thinker in two opposing views: many studies have favored an economic-political perspective - analyzing in particular Della Moneta (1750) and the Dialogues sur le commerce des blés (1770) -; other studies have insisted on the "libertine" spirit of this animator of the Parisian salons. From these antinomic aspects, historiography retains "two Galiani", in other words, the "serious Galiani" and the "light-hearted Galiani". This thesis offers to go beyond this dichotomy, while taking into consideration various sources still unexplored and unpublished, by favoring a transdisciplinary approach. Galiani produces an important philosophical knowledge that accompanies, nourishes and completes his political projects. Our research offers a systematic analysis of Galiani's thought according to the historical-cultural contexts in which it develops, Naples and Paris; as well as an analysis of its social trajectory, specifically within the Republic of Letters, which goes hand and hand with the creation of his identity as an author. ; Né à Chieti en 1728, Ferdinando Galiani – économiste, diplomate et philosophe – est un auteur prolifique des Lumières dont la carrière s'est déroulée entre l'Italie et la France. Après avoir reçu une formation humaniste et philosophique à Naples, de 1735 à 1759, Galiani est nommé, par le ministre Berardo Tanucci, secrétaire de l'ambassade napolitaine à Paris. Durant ces années parisiennes, de 1759 à 1769, il entre en contact avec les philosophes et les encyclopédistes, fréquente les salons de la capitale et en devient l'un des hôtes les plus prisés. Lorsqu'il doit rentrer définitivement à Naples, où il restera jusqu'à sa mort en 1787, le « petit abbé » reste en contact épistolaire avec les milieux parisiens, ne serait-ce que pour être informé des nouvelles politiques et littéraires. Depuis le XIXème siècle, l'historiographie a étudié ce penseur selon deux directions antagonistes : alors que de nombreux travaux ont privilégié une perspective économico-politique – en analysant notamment Della Moneta (1750) et les Dialogues sur le commerce des blés (1770) –, d'autres études ont insisté sur l'esprit « libertin » de cet animateur des salons parisiens. De ces aspects antinomiques, l'historiographie retient « deux Galiani », autrement dit le « sérieux » et le « léger ». Cette thèse se propose de dépasser cette dichotomie en prenant en considération diverses sources encore inexplorées et inédites en favorisant une approche transdisciplinaire. En effet, tout en occupant de hautes fonctions, Galiani produit un savoir philosophique important qui accompagne, nourrit et complète ses projets politiques. Notre recherche propose une analyse systématique de la pensée de Galiani en fonction des contextes historico-culturels dans lesquels celle-ci se développe, Naples et Paris, ainsi que l'étude de sa trajectoire sociale, notamment au sein de la République des Lettres, qui va de pair avec la construction d'un statut d'auteur.

This article presents an analysis of the political and theological arguments they defended in New Granada, both those who supported the independence of Spain and those who remained faithful to the Crown. The research explains the importance of this type of subjects in the cultural context of this viceroyalty, as part of the Hispanic context at the end of the Old Regime; as well as the influence of the Catholic Enlightenment in the ideological sphere that marked this period. ; Este artículo presenta un análisis de los argumentos político-teológicos que defendieron en la Nueva Granada, tanto quienes apoyaron la independencia de España, como quienes se mantuvieron fieles a la Corona. La investigación explica la importancia de dichos argumentos en este virreinato, como parte integral del contexto cultural hispánico al final del Antiguo Régimen; así como la marcada influencia de la Ilustración católica durante este período.

The article discusses the creation of a local department in Moscow of the Society of Zealots of Russian Historical Enlightenment in memory of Emperor Alexander III. For the first time, the materials of personal correspondence of the chairman of the Society, Count S.D. Sheremetev and I.F. Tyutchev, who was to form a local department, were involved. The Moscow department was given paramount importance. The initiative was supported at the level of the Moscow administration. However, to implement this initiative promptly it didn't work out.

Anhand einer Inhaltsanalyse der Anzeigen in politisch profilierten Publikumszeitschriften ('Der Spiegel', 'Focus') wird gezeigt, dass - wenn auch mit Schüben und Brüchen - ein Anstieg politischer PR im Rahmen von Anzeigenschaltungen festzustellen ist. Ein besonders deutlicher Sprung vollzieht sich am Ende der 1980er Jahre. Auffällig ist darüber hinaus, dass politische PR-Anzeigen vorrangig von wirtschaftlichen Akteuren eingesetzt werden, die als Auftraggeber eindeutig dominieren. Das hängt, so die These, sicherlich auch damit zusammen, dass auf Seiten der Unternehmen und Wirtschaftsverbände am ehesten Werbe- und PR-Budgets vorhanden sind, die eine Investition in politisch motivierte Anzeigenkampagnen erlauben. Aufbauend auf die bisherigen Ergebnisse ist ein weitergehendes Forschungsprojekt konzipiert worden, in dem die Untersuchung von folgenden Punkten vorgesehen ist: Zunächst soll die Stichprobe weiter ausgebaut und dann vor allem nach Erklärungen für die Besonderheiten der Entwicklung gesucht werden. Von Interesse ist nicht nur, wie sich die politische PR in diesem speziellen Fall entwickelt hat, sondern auch warum gerade so und nicht anders. Dafür ist es notwendig, so der Autor, die neuralgischen Punkte genauer unter die Lupe zu nehmen: Welche Auffälligkeiten zeigen sich an den Stellen, an denen ein besonders Auf oder Ab in der Verlaufskurve zu beobachten ist? Und: Welche Erklärungsfaktoren können dafür herangezogen werden? In einem nächsten Schritt sollen die Befunde für die Bundesrepublik in einen internationalen Kontext eingeordnet werden. Es ist zu hinterfragen, ob die deutsche Entwicklung ein Sonderweg ist oder sich so oder so ähnlich auch in anderen Staaten vollzogen hat. Dafür werden Ausgaben des 'Time Magazine' (USA) und 'Profil' (Österreich) ausgewertet und Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden identifiziert. Die Hypothese ist, dass sich die deutsche Entwicklung in den USA früher und stärker, in Österreich hingegen später und schwächer vollzogen hat. Die Befunde werden für eine der vielen PR-Tauschbeziehungen beschreiben können, wie sie sich in den letzten Jahren nachweislich entwickelt hat. (ICF2)

Обоснована необходимость изучения новых участников образовательных процессов – разновозрастных сообществ (со-бытийных общностей), создаваемых детьми, молодежью, взрослыми (родителями, педагогами, учеными, политиками, др.) на культурно-образовательных форумах посредством формально запланированных мероприятий, через просветительские события и ежедневное со-бытие. Цель исследования: проектирование событийных просветительских сетей, использующих русский язык как язык общения, посредством межкультурного диалога разновозрастных сообществ. Результаты: обосновано, что развитие образования разновозрастных сообществ требует переформатирования сферы просветительства, связанного с актуализацией неформального (само)образования, наращиванием информационных сетевых ресурсов, разграничением гуманитарной просветительской деятельности и деятельности с деструктивными ценностными установками, усилением взаимосвязи просвещения, социализации, воспитания, развития, образования человека. ; The necessity of learning new educational process participants - different age's communities (eventual community) created by children, youth, adults (parents, teachers, scientists, politicians, etc.) at cultural and educational forums through formally planned events, through educational events and daily co-existence is analyzed. The purpose of the research: it is substantiated that the designing event enlightenment networks using the Russian language as a language of communication through intercultural dialogue of different age's communities. Results: it is proved that the development of education of different age's communities requires reformatting the sphere of enlightenment related to updating non-formal (self-education), increasing information network resources, delimiting humanitarian educational activities and activities with destructive value orientations, strengthening the relationship of education, socialization, upbringing, development, human education.