Kommunique über die Tagung des Interimausschusses des Gouverneursrats des Internationalen Währungsfonds in Seoul am 6. und 7. Oktober 1985; Kommunique über die Tagung des gemeinsamen Ministerausschusses der Gouverneursräte der Weltbank und des Internationalen Währungsfonds für den Transfer von realen Ressourcen (Entwicklungsausschuß) in Seoul am 7. Oktober 1985; Reden des Geschäftsführenden Direktors des IWF, Jacques de Larosiere, des Präsidenten der Weltbank, Alden W. Clausen, des amerikanischen Finanzministers, James A. Baker und des Finanzministers der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Gerhard Stoltenberg, auf der Jahresversammlung des Internationalen Währungsfonds und der Weltbank in Seoul am 8. und 9. Oktober 1985 (Auszüge)
The recent expansion of the European Union to the Easter European countries was preceded by the 2004 Treaty of Nice through which the stronger countries retain their dominant position within the EU institutions also after the expansion. The traditional imperialist motives still play a role but the basic aim of this expansion is the enlargement of the Euro area within the context of the strife between the Euro and the dollar for international seignorage. (Prokla / FUB)
FOCUSING ON THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN IDENTITY SHARED AMONG FORMER DISSIDENTS TURNED POLICYMAKERS, THIS ARTICLE ILLUSTRATES THAT REGIONAL IDENTITIES MAY PROMOTE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION. IT ARGUES THAT THEIR EFFECTIVE INFLUENCE IS CONTINGENT ON PARTICULAR DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES--PARTICULARLY THE PRESENCE OF A STRONG INSTITUTIONAL BASIS, PUBLIC AND LEGITIMACY, AND INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT.
Mediators improve the chances disputants in civil wars sign a peace agreement by exerting pressure or influence, referred to as leverage. This paper explores how sources of mediator leverage complement one another and draws attention to an under-explored form of influence: credible staying power. I argue that softer forms of leverage (i.e. relationships with the disputants and credible staying power) complement material strength, providing the highest chance of reaching a peace agreement when used together. As multiple sources of leverage mean multiple mediators, this paper also explores the number of and coordination among mediators, acknowledging the tension between multiple mediators increasing available leverage while complicating negotiations by adding more voices to the negotiating table. I argue that more mediators, all else equal, will decrease the probability of success; this effect can be offset, however, by coordination among the mediators. Empirical analysis of 312 mediation efforts in civil wars from 1989 to 2006 find that softer forms of leverage do reinforce material power, producing the greatest probability of reaching a signed agreement when used together. Moreover, coordination substantially mitigates the negative effect of additional mediators.
Coolsaet, Rik: Unfolding the benefits of the migration and development nexus. - S. 5-6. Matsas, Romeo: The Global Forum on Migration and Development. A new path for global governance? - S. 7-25. Omelaniuk, Irena: How important is labour mobility for development? - S. 27-42. Ratha, Dilip; Romeo Matsas: Making remittances work for development. Moving ahead the GFMD agenda. - S. 43-60
In: SAIS review / the Johns Hopkins Foreign Policy Institute of the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS): a journal of international affairs, Band 10, Heft 2, S. 139-152
A review essay on a book by the International Commission on Intervention & State Sovereignty, The Responsibility to Protect (2 vols, Ottawa: International Development Research Center, 2001).
Kunkel combines research in economics, politics and history in this important case study while offering theoretical insights and practical lessons on the forces shaping US trade policy at the start of the twenty-first century.
Considers constitutional amendment to require treaties or agreements to be ratified by the Senate and to be implemented by enabling legislation. a. Curtis Reid v. Clarice B. Covert, Supreme Court documents regarding decision on civilian trial versus court-martial for civilian murderer of military officer, June 10, 1957 (p. 85-174). b. Power Authority of the State of New York v. FPC, DC Court of Appeals decision on Niagara River power project construction license, June 20, 1957 (p. 175-203). c. "Bricker Amendment: Views of Deans and Professors of Law" by Committee for Defense of Constitution (p. 206-407). Includes the following documents. ; Estes Kefauver, subcommittee chairman. ; Considers constitutional amendment to require treaties or agreements to be ratified by the Senate and to be implemented by enabling legislation. a. Curtis Reid v. Clarice B. Covert, Supreme Court documents regarding decision on civilian trial versus court-martial for civilian murderer of military officer, June 10, 1957 (p. 85-174). b. Power Authority of the State of New York v. FPC, DC Court of Appeals decision on Niagara River power project construction license, June 20, 1957 (p. 175-203). c. "Bricker Amendment: Views of Deans and Professors of Law" by Committee for Defense of Constitution (p. 206-407). Includes the following documents. ; Mode of access: Internet.
84 páginas: ilustraciones, mapas. ; Las relaciones internacionales abordan asuntos a nivel social, económico, político y ambiental, y precisamente el Caribe es una región de interés para los 28 países que la conforman al igual que para los Estados Unidos de América, ya que su morfología y condiciones específicas de variada índole, favorecen el comercio marítimo, el intercambio cultural, así como las actividades de ilega-lidad como el tráfico ilícito de estupefacientes por vía marítima, siendo este un asunto con impac-tos significativos, una amenaza trasnacional vigente que conlleva a que estos países se hallan visto en la necesidad de reforzar las relaciones y realizar un trabajo integrado buscando acabar, o al menos mitigar esta problemática. Es por ello que se hace fundamental entender la importancia de la región para Colombia, país con costas en los dos océanos, abordando la situación actual de los convenios y acuerdos interna-cionales existentes que impactan dicho espacio geográfico, entendiendo sus características eco-nómicas y culturales, así como la normatividad existente y ratificada por el país en lo que refiere al Derecho Internacional, en vista que la aplicación del mismo puede favorecer acciones conjuntas en contra de la amenazas comunes, o puede, en caso de no ser cumplidas acorde a lo descrito, dificultar o entorpecer no solo las operaciones navales, sino las relaciones entre las naciones. Ya específicamente en Colombia, estudiar las políticas gubernamentales diseñadas por Colom-bia para participar de manera decidida en el Caribe, en complemento a las diseñadas para comba-tir esta amenaza, con los resultados obtenidos con las mismas, toma importante valor consideran-do que son estas políticas la base principal del planeamiento y desarrollo de las operaciones nava-les contra el narcotráfico, en todas sus modalidades. Comprender de qué manera la Armada Nacional combate esta amenaza aprovechando eficien-temente los recursos asignados, así como el impacto de las mismas, así como el aprovechamiento de acuerdos regionales, permite observar que las operaciones navales son pilar fundamental de las Relaciones Internacionales de Colombia en la región, evidenciado a través de acuerdos vigentes en los que la experiencia y efectividad de la Armada Nacional colombiana, jalona al país a asumir un liderazgo regional en el aspecto militar y social, que junto al soporte militar y tecnológico pres-tado por los Estados Unidos de América, como su principal aliado en la región, hace de Colombia una nación protagónica en el accionar conjunto en contra de la amenaza del narcotráfico. ; 1. Objetivo general… ………………………………………………….……………………8 2. Resumen… ………………………………………………………………………….….8 3. Introducción……………………………………………………………………………. 10 4. Capítulos…………………………………………………………………………………12 I. Análisis de la región Caribe y la injerencia de Colombia en el área….…………….12 II. Derecho Internacional del Mar……………………………………………………….24 III. Política antidro-gas……………………………………………………………………35 IV. Operaciones navales…………………………………………………………………44 V. Relaciones Internacionales……………………………………………………………60 5. Conclusiones…………………………………………………………………………….74 6. Recomendaciones……………………………………………………………………….76 7. Referencias bibliográficas……………………………………………………………….77 ; International relations attend issues at the social, economic, political and environmental levels, and the Caribbean is precisely a region of interest to the 28 countries that comprise it, as well as to the United States of America, since its specific morphology and conditions maritime trade, cultural exchange, as well as illegal activities such as illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs by sea, this being a matter with significant impacts, a current transnational threat that leads to these countries being seen in the need to strengthen relationships and perform an integrated work seeking to end, or mitigate this problem. That is why it is fundamental to understand the importance of the region for Colombia, a country with coasts in the two oceans, addressing the current situation of existing international agreements that impact that geographical space, understanding their economic and cultural characteristics, as well as the existing legislation and ratified by the country with regard to international law, since the application of it may favor joint actions against the common threats, or may, if not complied with as described, hinder not only naval operations, but relations between nations. Specifically in Colombia, to study the government policies designed by Colombia to participate decisively in the Caribbean, in addition to those designed to combat this threat, with the results obtained with them, takes important value considering that these policies are the main basis the planning and development of naval operations against drug trafficking, in all its forms. Understanding how the National Navy fights this threat by efficiently using the resources allocated, as well as the impact of the same, as well as the use of regional agreements, allows to observe that naval operations are fundamental pillar of the International Relations of Colombia in the region , evidenced by agreements in force in which the experience and effectiveness of the Colombian National Navy, move the country to assume a regional leadership in the military and social aspect, that together with the military and technological support provided by the United States of America, as its main ally in the region, makes Colombia a leading nation in joint action against the threat of drug trafficking. ; Trabajo que analiza un enfoque específico de las Operaciones Navales y su impacto a nivel Nacional y regional.
