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A finalidade deste trabalho é apresentar uma visão do setor transporte e sua importância no processo de integração e desenvolvimento do País. Até que ponto o setor contribuiu e ainda pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento sócio-econômico das regiões brasileiras. Inicialmente procura-se demonstrar o comportamento das modalidades que compõe o setor. Descreve-se de forma sucinta a maneira como se desenvolveu o seu processo histórico, os fatos mais expressivos de alguns modais bem como a sua ausência em determinadas áreas, ocasionando um desequilíbrio na integração de algumas regiões do território nacional. Constata-se que foram vários os problemas enfrentados, destacando-se a ineficiência de investimentos para a infra-estrutura e também a falta de visão gerencial em determinado sistema componente do setor. Em seguida, apresenta-se para os principais sistemas, programas visando a descentralização gerencial, a concessão e a privatização de determinadas atividades do setor. Nesse aspecto é ressalvado como de fundamental importância a clareza das regras que deverão ser adotadas. Finalmente, são sugeridas políticas e estratégias que deverão contribuir para superar os óbices e fazer que o setor transporte tenha uma participação ativa e efetiva no processo de integração regional.

In the article the author describes the interdependencies of transport and communications with patterns of economic and social activity. Some relevant interconnections and changes in the most important components are grouped under four headings: Economic trends, trends in technological developments, changes in life-styles, and changes in the overall political context. The results of the combined trends are not completely in line with the ideas which many people have about economic and social well-being. As transport and communications play a key role in the process of development, some basic changes in transport and infrastructure policy are recommended. In order for policy-oriented research to provide a better back-up, some important changes in, and a broadening of, the research approach seem further desirable.

Decisions to invest in transport infrastructure projects require careful deliberation. Governments need evaluation methods to ensure that their scarce resources are allocated in a way that maximises their net return to society. How can the efficiency of allocating funds for transport infrastructure be improved? Is the widely-used approach of cost-benefit analysis appropriate? Does transport infrastructure investment have wider impacts on regional development which need to be taken into account in determining infrastructure investment priorities? Do we find evidence of such impacts in evaluatio

Abstract
Since the entry of the far-right party VOX into the Spanish government administrations in 2018, Spain's political scene has gone through a deep transformation. The disparity in opinions among the different parties concerning migration seems to tear the country's democratic foundation apart. This paper is a study of the language and discursive strategies used by VOX's leader, Santiago Abascal, articulating the party's populist propaganda for a united country to "make Spain great again." The analysis was grounded on the theoretical underpinnings of Wodak's (2001) discursive strategies and Van Dijk's (1993) "Us" vs. "Them" framework. The data were based on Abascal's closing political campaign speech during the Madridlenian elections, which was televised in May 2021. The 30-minute video recording was transcribed, annotated, coded, and analyzed. The findings suggest a pattern of discursive practices aimed at diminishing other political parties and their representatives, vilify immigrants, and impugn government measures that were against VOX's authoritarian conservatism and nationalism. There was a predominant use of predication strategies to positively present VOX while denigrating its political rivals. Referential/nomination strategies were also used to divide the society between in-groups and out-groups. Strongly embedded in these strategies were perlocutionary acts used to incite hate toward the out-groups and evoke fear and anxiety toward the in-group, strategically employed as tools to gain votes in the elections.

In 1848, when slavery was abolished across greater France, slavery remained virtually intact in the French colony of Senegal on the west coast of Africa. Slavery continued to be practiced in the colony and in its expanding borderlands until at least 1905, when this study ends. This thesis challenges traditional interpretations of illicit slavery in Senegal by demonstrating the power that French imperial culture played in the problem of continued captivity. While post-emancipation slavery in the colony was due to economic and logistic pressures in West Africa, as well as a strong indigenous tradition of forced labor, this study will show that it was also true that inherent factors within the culture of French colonialism made abolishing the institution exceedingly difficult. This thesis examines three aspects of French imperial culture after 1848 that mitigated slave freedom in Senegal: the views of race and slavery maintained by Senegal's influential métis (mixed-race) population; French cultural assessments of the aptitude and capabilities of West Africans; and a trend within French political culture to deny metropolitan rights to the colonized--a phenomenon that intensified in far-flung French territories that were not completely under French control, and where few whites resided. An examination of each of these themes will lead to a deeper understanding of the persistence of slavery in Senegal between 1848 and 1905, revealing greater nuance within the French imperial project overall.

In 2002 the International Maritime Organisation adopted an International Ship and Port Facility Security Code containing various prescriptions for upgrading the security of maritime transport. This Code was supplemented by a regulation and a European directive. France has harmonised these norms with its own legislation in the form of a national doctrine for maritime and port security. The latter is consistent in all respects with the national anti-terrorist system (Vigipirate), and takes into account the various international initiatives relating to security, and the fight against sea-related crime. It aims to take a holistic approach to shipping, maritime approaches, ports and coastal waters. Appropriate legislation is currently being developed as part of a modernisation of the Maritime Ports Code.