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Debates over wolf policy are driven by an underlying attitudinal divide between peoplefrom urban and rural areas. This study explores how the power relationship between urban and ruralgroups interact with individual attitude formation in relation to wolf policy, in order to understandwhy dissatisfaction with wolf policy tends to result in group level conflict patterns. Using Swedishsurvey data, I analyze attitudes to wolf policy, in relation to collective level effects and rural politicalalienation. Findings indicate that individual level attitudes towards the Swedish wolf policy are inpart determined by collective attitude patterns: effects that could be contingent on political alienation.This highlights the possibility of reducing attitude polarization with respect to the wolf policy,by addressing political alienation among the rural population. ; Governing sustainable rural development – for or by the local population?

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the perception of the influence of greenwashing and of attitudes and beliefs in the decisions of purchase of green products in the retail.


Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative research was carried out by means of a survey with a sample of 880 consumers living in São Paulo city, Brazil, who buy in supermarkets weekly or biweekly.


Findings
It was possible to evaluate a model that analyzed the aspects that greenwashing carries and the aspects that the attitudes and beliefs of the consumer present. As a result, it is inferred that when greenwashing is identified in the product, it loses the aspects of loyalty, satisfaction and benefits, as well as becoming a product that causes confusion of consumption. Further, consumer attitudes and beliefs show that they are guided by the aspects of perceived loyalty, satisfaction and benefits and that the perceived risk aspect is practically ignored.


Originality/value
The originality of this study is in evaluating consumer perception focusing on several aspects of purchase intention simultaneously, considering perception and behavior of consumer before greenwashing and green consumption and using all aspects together (satisfaction, loyalty, subjective and control forces, risk and benefits perception). Besides complementing with other determinants like consumer attitudes and beliefs, confusion of green consumption, behavior controlled in relation to green consumption and greenwashing. Thus, it contributes with an interdisciplinary study whose scale and methodology can be used by analogous studies.

Abstract
Background
Lead particles from hunting rifle ammunition become embedded in the tissue of shot animals and pose a health risk to predators and scavengers that eat discarded offal or parts of non-retrieved carcasses of shot game animals, as well as to humans who consume game. Copper and copper–zinc alloys are the most widely used alternatives to leaded ammunition. In Denmark, there has been a growing awareness of the toxic environmental effects of lead ammunition and the Danish government, supported by the Danish Hunters' Association, announced in November 2020 a forthcoming ban on the use of lead-based bullets for hunting purposes intended to take effect in 2023. The question that remains to be addressed is how the Danish hunting community perceives lead ammunition as a problem and non-lead alternatives as a solution, and whether the willingness to change demonstrated by the hunters' representatives reflects the attitude of the individual hunters. We studied this in a survey targeting 6000 randomly selected Danish rifle hunters, mapping their knowledge and concerns regarding lead rifle ammunition as well as their use of lead and non-lead ammunition.

Results
We found that approximately one-fifth of the use of rifle ammunition for hunting in Denmark in 2019 was non-lead. Hunters' knowledge of and concern for the adverse impacts of lead ammunition and the opportunities to switch to non-lead alternatives were generally limited. However, some showed an open-minded attitude and we found that such knowledge and concern increased the likelihood of hunters deciding to use non-lead ammunition. Hunters mainly got their information from hunting organizations and colleagues and expressed a distinct lack of information and guidance on the topic from ministerial authorities responsible for hunting administration.

Conclusions
Some hunters have already changed to use non-lead rifle ammunition completely or in part, and others show an open attitude to discussing the issue and receiving more information particularly from hunting authorities. Some hunters demonstrated a critical or negative attitude towards a change. Communication of the adverse impacts of leaded ammunition in terms of the risk of lead poisoning to wildlife and humans and the opportunities of switching to the existing efficient and safe alternatives is essential regardless of the formal approach and will be crucial for the effectiveness of the regulation announced by the Danish government.

"With this book, Clarissa Peterson and Emmitt Y. Riley, III dive into how racial attitudes change and inform political decisions. Peterson and Riley use racial resentment, black blame, and racial identity to investigate the extent to which racial attitudes influence vote choice, evaluations of Black Lives Matter, and attitudes toward public policies. Moving the conversation beyond the study of Blacks and Whites, the authors unpack the potency of racial attitudes among Asians, Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites. In doing so, they challenge our understanding of how racial attitudes are central to political decision-making in an environment that is inundated with anti-Blackness. The book reframes discussions of racial attitudes to propose that, like white people, some racial minorities in the U.S. harbor negative attitudes toward Black people. The authors suggest that while white political attitudes are significantly explained by racial resentment, the overall influence of racial resentment on political decision-making among some racial groups, may be mitigated by racial identity. At a time when white supremacists walk unhooded in the streets of America, Racial Attitudes in America Today is essential reading for educators wanting to fully engage with and understand racial resentment in America and undergraduate students in the fields of political science, sociology, history, and psychology"--

The purpose of this study was to examine parents' perceived social change and its relations with adolescents' reports of childrearing attitudes in urban and rural China. The participants were high school students and their parents in a Northern region of China. Parents completed a measure of perceived social change, and the adolescents completed a measure of childrearing attitudes including parental warmth, control, and encouragement of independence. The results indicated that urban parents had higher scores than rural parents on major dimensions of perceived social change including work-related opportunities, self-improvement in work, and high-tech experiences. Urban adolescents reported lower parental control and higher parental encouragement of independence than rural adolescents. In addition, parents' reports of opportunities and prospects were positively associated with adolescents' reports of parental warmth and encouragement of independence in childrearing across the urban and rural groups, suggesting that parents who perceived more challenges and opportunities to pursue self-advancement and personal career goals were more likely to support the use of warm and sensitive parenting and to encourage their children to develop independent behaviors. The results indicated the implications of social change for socialization and adolescent development in Chinese context.

Efforts to solve violence had been faced by multi treatments. Violence in education is action over the standar of ethic and rule in education, either physically or disturbing the rights of ones. The actors can be anyone, including the chief of school, teacher, staff , student, parents and even society. Violence in education is assumed as effect of certain condition. Externally or internally, and it might happen with any trigger. This paper aims to analyse the importance of character building through peace-loving attitude to revitalize the actors of education as evaluation of structure and culture in the educational world. Our educational world recently sometimes shows its arrogancy and even militaristic behavior. While the basic tenet of education is to appreciate the understanding of human behavior in order to be enlighted and free. ; Upaya untuk menyelesaikan kekerasan pun menemui tantangan yang semakin kompleks. Kekerasan dalam pendidikan merupakan perilaku melampaui batas kode etik dan aturan dalam pendidikan, baik dalam bentuk fisik maupun pelecehan atas hak seseorang. Pelakunya bisa siapa saja: pimpinan sekolah, guru, staf, murid, orang tua atau wali murid, bahkan masyarakat. Kekerasan dalam pendidikan diasumsikan terjadi sebagai akibat kondisi tertentu yang melatar-belakanginya, baik faktor internal dan eksternal, dan tidak timbul secara begitu saja, melainkan dipicu oleh suatu kejadian. Tulisan ini menganalisa topik yang sangat penting untuk digali kembali oleh para insan pemerhati pendidikan sebagai wadah refleksi dan evaluasi kinerja struktural-kultural terhadap praksis dunia pendidikan. Dunia pendidikan yang akhir-akhir ini cenderung bernuansa arogansi intelektual atau bahkan bergaya militeristik yang tidak mengindahkan norma-norma etis. Padahal pendidikan seyogyanya memanusiakan manusia menuju taraf pemahaman yang lebih mencerahkan dan memerdekakan.

AbstractOn 9 February 2014, the Swiss people accepted the popular initiative "against mass immigration" launched by the national‐conservative Swiss People's Party (SVP). This voting outcome has triggered wide‐ranging debates about both the policy on immigrants as well as the future of Switzerland within the European context. Against this background, we evaluate attitudes toward immigration in Switzerland. Using hitherto unexplored survey data of MOSAiCH, our empirical analyses show that already in the year 2013, before the debate about the initiative on mass immigration was in full swing, roughly 53 percent of the 1011 interviewed Swiss citizens stated that immigration should be reduced. Moreover, our estimations indicate that the threats and fears induced by immigration and the will to maintain sovereignty and autonomy are particularly relevant for attitudes toward immigration. By contrast, education and national or personal economic conditions are only weakly related to the immigration issue.

Objective. For the first time since the mid-1970s, this study explored sociodemographic correlates of abortion attitudes among Israeli Jews & compared them with those reported by the General Social Survey in the US. Methods. A survey was conducted of a representative sample of Jewish adults living in urban areas across Israel (N = 546) that included two related items on the attitude toward abortion for nonvital reasons. Results. Using multiple regression, four statistically & socially significant correlates of antiabortion attitudes were identified: greater religiosity (especially Ultra-Orthodox affiliation), lower than average income, greater number of children, & right-wing political preference. Gender & age did not emerge as significant correlates of abortion attitudes. Whereas American Jews form the mainstay of the pro-choice camp, Jews in Israel are clearly divided along the lines of religiosity, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, & political views. Conclusions. In both Israel & the US, the sociodemographic profiles of abortion supporters & opponents have been rather similar & stable over the last 25 years. This may point to the stable patterns of religiosity in both societies, since antiabortion sentiments have mainly been fueled by religious fundamentalism, regardless of formal denomination. 1 Table, 27 References. Adapted from the source document.

Malaria epidemics are widespread in the tropics. Studies showed that malaria mitigation depends on case management, vector control and use of preventive measures. However, knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding malaria are paramount in the mitigation campaign which has not been given relevance in Sub-Sahara Africa. This study explores factors influencing KAP regarding malaria in Gwagwalada. A cross-sectional survey was done in four different sites in Gwagwalada between March and September 2016. A structured validated questionnaire was used to obtain information from 384 respondents. There was a statistical comparison of the KAP among the different sites. Majority of participants had heard about malaria (99.3%) but only 20% had good knowledge and 14.4% have good practice scores. There was no significant difference in the KAP scores of the four different sites examined. Of the selected socio-demographic predictors, occupation and education of participants were significantly different for attitude scores, while age and occupation were associated with knowledge scores. Only marital status was significant with good practice. The study found increased odds of good knowledge if the participants worked with the government (OR:1.34; .95CI:0.50,3.48) and decreased in odds of having good knowledge if the participants were older than 47 years (OR:0.98; 0.95CI:0.34,3.17). At multivariate level, only respondent's education significantly predicts attitude level (P<0.05) while age and occupation were independent predictors of level of knowledge. Age and education are key determinant factors of malaria KAP in the study area. Therefore, health education should target people with lower education and older age at community level.

In this paper, an experiment was conducted to assess the impact of online deliberation on citizens' attitudes. Specifically, this research compared pre and post deliberation opinions of participants who deliberated online via an asynchronous platform regarding the issue of political opinion polls. Results indicate that online deliberation had a positive effect on citizens' attitudes since it was found that following deliberation participants changed their views regarding public opinion polls. Specifically, online deliberation improved discussants perceptions regarding the reliability of polls, while suppressing their negative views about the misuse of polls by media, polling organizations and politicians.

We investigated whether simply imagining contact with outgroup members can improve intergroup attitudes. In Experiment 1, young participants who imagined talking to an elderly person subsequently showed lower levels of intergroup bias than participants who imagined an outdoor scene. In Experiment 2, young participants who imagined talking to an elderly person subsequently showed lower levels of intergroup bias than participants who simply thought about elderly people, ruling out a priming explanation for our findings. In Experiment 3, heterosexual men who imagined talking to a homosexual man subsequently evaluated homosexual men more positively, perceived there to be greater variability among them, and experienced less intergroup anxiety compared to a control group. The effect of imagined contact on outgroup evaluations was mediated by reduced intergroup anxiety. These findings suggest that imagining intergroup contact could represent a viable alternative for reducing prejudice where actual contact between groups is impractical.

IN ALL THE SURVEY RESEARCH CONDUCTED IN PORTUGAL SINCE THE 1980'S, UNEMPLOYMENT CONSISTENTLY APPEARS AS ONE OF THE TOP PROBLEMS. THE FIRST PART OF THIS PAPER DISCUSSES EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT, SHOWING HOW THEY ARE SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED AND SHOWING HOW PUBLIC OPINION IS SENSITIVE TO WHICH CATEGORIES OF PEOPLE GET OR ARE ENTITLED TO GET JOBS. THE SECOND SECTION TURNS TO ANALYZING THE EVOLUTION OF WORK-RELATED VALUES BY USING SURVEY DATA COLLECTED OVER A 20-YEAR PERIOD, AND BY USING DIFFERENT METHODOLOGIES. THE PAPER ALSO OFFERS A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF IMMIGRATION EVOLUTION IN THE TRADITIONAL OUT-MIGRATION SOCIETIES OF SOUTHERN EUROPE AND ANALYZES EUROPEANS' PERCEPTIONS OF FOREIGNERS. FINALLY, THE PAPER TURNS TO NATIONAL SURVEYS CONDUCTED IN PORTUGAL TO SHOW THAT THE IMAGE BUILT ON PAST EXPERIENCE OF DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF FOREIGNERS, TOGETHER WITH PERCEIVED SOCIAL DISTANCE, ARE IMPORTANT IN MOLDING ATTITUDES.

This paper studies changes in the patterns of drug consumption and attitudes towards drugs in relation to sky-high (youth) unemployment rates brought about by the Great Recession. Our analysis is based on data for 28 European countries that refer to young people. We find that the consumption of cannabis and 'new substances' is positively related to increasing unemployment rates. An increase of 1% in the regional unemployment rate is associated with an increase of 0.7 percentage points in the ratio of young people who state that they have consumed cannabis at some point in time. Our findings also indicate that higher unemployment may be associated with more young people perceiving that access to drugs has become more difficult, particularly access to ecstasy, cocaine and heroin. According to young Europeans, when the economy worsens, anti-drug policies should focus on the reduction of poverty and unemployment, and not on implementing tougher measures against users ; This paper has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no. 649395, projecttitle: NEGOTIATE – Overcoming early job-insecurity in Europe. Sara Ayllón alsoacknowledges support from the projects ECO2013-46516-C4-1-R, ECO2016-76506-C4-4-R and 2014-SGR-1279 and is very grateful for the warm hospitality receivedin the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Eastern Finland, where thispaper was revised

In an effort to control the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia, the government implemented rules such as clean and healthy living behavior by all components of public, isolation, and early detection. Community knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 play an important role in determining the readiness of the community in accepting policies in the form of behavior change from the health authority. The aim of this study is to determine the KAP toward COVID-19 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A cross-sectional online survey of 155 householders was conducted between 04 May 2020 and 18 May 2020. Descriptive statistics, t-tests and one-way analysis of variance were conducted. Most public have understood about causes symptoms, mode transmission, high risk groups, isolation and quarantine, and proper use of disinfectants but people have not been able to distinguish between how to increase immunity and how to prevent COVID-19 transmission. The public has a positive belief that the government will succeed in controlling and managing a health crisis. Public behavior to prevent COVID-19 transmission is good, except the use of disinfectants and stop smoking or prohibiting family members from smoking. Differences in public knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 occur in different gender and occupational groups.